Maintaining oral health is essential for preventing dental plaque, and toothpaste is a primary tool for supporting oral hygiene. Herbal-based toothpaste is considered a safer alternative due to its natural bioactive compounds, which have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of a toothpaste formulation containing royal jelly, black cumin, ginger, and cinnamon extracts. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, and NO scavenging assays, while antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. The polyherbal toothpaste mix exhibited the highest scavenging activity in the DPPH (50.89%), ABTS (15.71%), NO (33.97%), and H2O2 (23.04%) assays, and showed significant antimicrobial activity against three representative oral pathogens at 100% concentration. The polyherbal toothpaste mix demonstrated significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, supporting its potential application as a natural dental care product.
This study investigates the effect of homogenization and aging treatments on the microstructure and hardness of ferritic superalloys containing NiAl-B2 and L21–Ni2TiAl precipitates. Two alloy compositions were prepared using an electric arc furnace, with Ti additions of 2 w/% (Alloy I) and 4 w/% (Alloy II). The ingots were homogenized at 1150 °C for 10 h followed by furnace cooling, and subsequently aged at 800 °C for 8 h. Characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vickers hardness testing. The as-cast alloys exhibited the highest hardness, averaging 650.8 HV for Alloy I and 625.6 HV for Alloy II, due to the presence of metastable precipitates formed during rapid solidification. Homogenization reduced the hardness to 487.2 HV (Alloy I) and 522.6 HV (Alloy II) as a result of precipitate dissolution and redistribution of the alloying elements, while aging increased the hardness to approximately 525 HV in both alloys through secondary precipitation of the NiAl-B2 and L21–Ni2TiAl with finer and more homogeneous distributions. SEM-EDS confirmed that Alloy I exhibited a more uniform dispersion of precipitates, whereas Alloy II contained a greater quantity of Ni2TiAl, but with local agglomerations. In conclusion, homogenization and aging treatments strongly influenced the precipitation behavior and hardness of ferritic superalloys, with Alloy I showing superior homogeneity and Alloy II favoring greater Ni2TiAl formation, highlighting the effect of Ti content on phase stability and mechanical performance.
The development of information technology has encouraged the banking sector to provide digital services, one of which is through mobile banking applications. BCA Mobile Banking serves as a solution to facilitate fast, secure, and flexible financial transactions, particularly for Generation Z, who have a high dependency on digital technology. However, in practice, various user complaints are still found, such as application errors, login failures, OTP system disruptions, and transaction issues that may potentially reduce user satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of information system quality and service quality on user satisfaction with the BCA Mobile Banking application among Generation Z. The research method employed is a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 Generation Z respondents who are active users of BCA Mobile Banking, selected using a non-probability sampling technique with quota sampling. Data analysis was conducted using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 26 software. The results indicate that information system quality and service quality have a positive and significant effect on user satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously. Partially, information system quality and service quality each have a significant effect on user satisfaction. Simultaneously, these two variables are able to explain 53% of user satisfaction, while the remaining percentage is influenced by other factors beyond the scope of this study. These findings emphasize that improving information system quality and service quality is an important factor in enhancing user satisfaction with the BCA Mobile Banking application among Generation Z.
Purpose This study examines how generative artificial intelligence functions as a governance stressor within higher education institutions and investigates how ethical boundary ambiguity, perceived academic risk and institutional policy clarity shape support for governance reform. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods design was employed. The quantitative phase involved 228 participants comprising 142 undergraduate students and 86 lecturers. A structured survey measured perceptions across four governance related domains. Multiple regression analysis identified predictors of reform support. The qualitative phase included semi structured interviews to explore implementation level tensions and policy interpretation dynamics. Findings Ethical boundary ambiguity and perceived academic risk significantly predicted support for governance reform. Institutional policy clarity was negatively associated with reform demand, indicating a stabilising effect. Qualitative findings revealed that inconsistent assessment expectations and uneven policy communication translated abstract governance into everyday uncertainty. Results suggest that reform pressure emerges from misalignment between policy articulation and pedagogical practice rather than from misconduct alone. Originality/value The study proposes a governance alignment model that reframes academic integrity governance as a problem of communicative coherence linking policy clarity, ethical boundary definition and perceived academic risk. The findings contribute empirical evidence to institutional level debates on sustainable AI integration in higher education.
A significant proportion of third molars are impacted, with a prevalence ranging from 16.7% to 68.6% within the population. This condition often leads to inflammation of the occlusal surface, known as pericoronitis, which manifests as pain, swelling, and tenderness. In the this case, a 23-year-old woman presented with swelling and pain in the lower right molar region. Clinical examination revealed a Class I, Level A, vertical impaction with disto-occlusal pericoronitis of tooth 48. The proposed treatment plan included an operculectomy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure aimed at removing the operculum tissue from the tooth 48. Postoperative intraoral examination revealed pink gingiva, absence of swelling, and no bleeding upon probing, indicating the absence of postoperative complications. The patient reported no pain, and there was no recurrence of pericoronitis in the tooth 48. These findings suggest that operculectomy is a minimally invasive treatment option for managing symptoms associated with pericoronitis
