Red chili pepper (Cpsicum annum L.) is an inportant hortucultural commodity with excessive economyc fee in Indonesia. but, the early increase degree of chily plantsis especially vulnerable to environmental strain and soil-borne pathogens. One environmentally friendly effort to improve plant increase is the utility of Trichoderma harzianum as biological control agent and plant growth promoter. This take a look at aimed to decide the effect of Trichoderma harzianum application on the early growht of purple chili plant. The studies changed into performed within the green residence of the faculty of agriculture, Universitas fortyfive Mataram, using a completly randomized layout (CRD) with five tritments and four replications. The remedy consisted of various doses of Trichoderma harzianum: T0(0g/polybag), T1(5g/polybag), T2(10g/polybag), T3(15g/polybag), T4(20g/polybag). determined of parameters blanketed plant height, variety of leaves, clean biomass weight. Root weight, and shoot weight. Facts analyzed using ANOVA followeed by truly considerable difference (HSD) take a look at the five% level. The end result display thst the utility of trichoderrma harzianum had No enormous effect on plant peak, quantity of leaves, sparkling biomass weight, and shoot weight. However, the treatment of 10g/polybag considerably multiplied root weight with an average value of 21.25g in step with plant. therefore, the utility of trichoderrma harzianum at 10g/polpolybag was considered the best remedy for improving early root boom of pink chili plant.
The implementation of administrative discretion in public service delivery requires an effective communication strategy to ensure transparency, accountability, and public trust in government policies. This study aims to analyze the communication strategy employed by the East Lombok Regency Government in communicating the implementation of administrative discretion in public services, identify the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing its implementation, and examine its contribution to transparency and public trust. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, and documentation studies as data collection techniques. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the government's communication strategy is implemented through information transparency, two-way communication, the utilization of digital media, and stakeholder engagement in policy dissemination. Its effectiveness is supported by leadership commitment, inter-agency coordination, competent human resources, and information technology utilization. Meanwhile, challenges include low levels of digital literacy, the spread of misinformation, and limited communication resources. The study highlights that transparent, participatory, and adaptive communication strategies contribute significantly to strengthening the legitimacy of administrative discretion policies, improving public service quality, and enhancing public trust.
Policies aimed at accelerating investment often give rise to agrarian conflicts, particularly regarding the rights of customary law communities that maintain historical, social, cultural, and spiritual ties to their customary territories. This condition demonstrates the need for a national land law policy capable of balancing investment interests with the protection of indigenous peoples' rights. This study aims to analyze the direction of Indonesia's national land law policy in supporting investment, examine the legal protection afforded to indigenous peoples within the national land policy framework, and formulate an ideal land law policy that balances investment interests with the protection of indigenous peoples' rights. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. Legal materials were analyzed qualitatively through library research, including legislation, court decisions, books, and scholarly journals. The findings indicate that the current national land law policy is primarily oriented toward improving the investment climate through regulatory simplification and legal certainty. However, its implementation continues to face challenges, including agrarian conflicts and inadequate protection of indigenous peoples' rights. Therefore, the national land law policy should be reoriented toward an equitable investment model by strengthening the legal recognition of indigenous peoples, harmonizing land-related regulations, implementing the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) principle, and promoting sustainable development grounded in agrarian justice and respect for the constitutional rights of indigenous peoples.
The continuous and excessive use of inorganic fertilizers has the potential to degrade soil quality in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. One environmentally friendly alternative is the application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as a biofertilizer because of their ability to establish a symbiotic association with plant roots, thereby improving nutrient uptake efficiency. This study aimed to analyze the effect of AMF application on the vegetative growth of red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The research was conducted at the Greenhouse of Universitas 45 Mataram from November to December 2025 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments consisted of five AMF application rates: P0 (without AMF), P1 (10 g AMF), P2 (15 g AMF), P3 (20 g AMF), and P4 (25 g AMF). Each treatment was replicated four times, resulting in a total of 20 experimental units. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, fresh biomass weight, root weight, and shoot weight. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% significance level. The result demonstrated that AMF application had a significant effect on the number of leaves and root weight. The best vegetative response was obtained from the application of 20 g and 25 g AMF per pot. The 25 g AMF treatment produced the highest root weight, reaching 20 g per plant, while the 20 g treatment resulted in the highest number of leaves. In contrast, AMF application did not significantly affect plant height, fresh biomass weight, or shoot weight of red chili pepper.
This study examines the representation of Indonesian children in the animated film JUMBO (2025) using Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach from a communication studies perspective. Animated film is viewed as a media text that produces meaning and transmits cultural values. Employing a qualitative interpretive method, data were collected through non-participant observation and analysis of visual and narrative signs. The analysis focuses on denotation, connotation, and myth. The findings indicate that JUMBO represents Indonesian children as innocent and imaginative, courageous and independent, and oriented toward collectivity and social care. At the myth level, these representations naturalize an ideology of Indonesian children as a creative, resilient future generation. This study highlights the significance of local animated films in shaping children’s identity and cultural values
