This article examines the implications of Constitutional Court Decision No. 92/PUU-XXII/2024 for the limits of judicial authority and Indonesia’s constitutional design. The decision not only reviews the constitutionality of Article 118(e) of the Village Law but also formulates an operational norm through conditional interpretation, signaling a functional shift of the Court from its classical role as a negative legislator toward judicial law-making. Employing a doctrinal legal approach with conceptual analysis and limited comparison, the study analyzes the decision, relevant legislation, and constitutional theory literature using qualitative content analysis within the theoretical frameworks of Hans Kelsen, Alec Stone Sweet, Ran Hirschl, and Mark Tushnet. The findings demonstrate that the Court’s normative intervention operates as a corrective mechanism to address legal uncertainty and to protect constitutional rights, while simultaneously generating structural tensions with the principles of separation of powers and democratic accountability. The article argues that the normalization of the Court’s role as a positive legislator risks incrementally altering the institutional balance without sufficient democratic legitimacy. The study’s main contribution lies in integrating national doctrinal analysis with global constitutional debates on the limits of judicial law-making in constitutional democracies, particularly in developing countries with unstable legislative dynamics.
Agrarian conflicts resulting from mining permits issued without the consent of local and indigenous communities expose a legitimacy gap in Indonesia’s mining legal regime. Unequal power relations between land rights holders and IUP holders reveal structural weaknesses in the protection of collective rights. This study identifies the absence of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) as a core deficiency that undermines substantive justice and meaningful participation in natural resource governance. Using a normative legal approach and conceptual analysis of relevant legal instruments, the study critically examines national regulations that remain procedural, transactional, and detached from community participation. The findings show that integrating FPIC is not merely a technical adjustment, but a legal, ethical, and social necessity to shift mining governance from a licensing-based to a consent-based regime. The study contributes academically by proposing mining law reform grounded in collective rights recognition, the creation of an independent FPIC verification body, and the repositioning of communities as legal subjects of development. These findings carry important implications for legal reform oriented toward environmental justice, social legitimacy, and the sustainability of mining investment in Indonesia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk kepatuhan siswa terhadap tata tertib sekolah, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan tersebut, serta peran kepala sekolah dan guru dalam menegakkan dan membina kedisiplinan di SMP Islam Terpadu Insantama Kendari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Subjek penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa yang dipilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan siswa terhadap tata tertib tergolong baik, terutama dalam aspek sopan santun, adab Islami, dan tanggung jawab sosial, meskipun masih terdapat pelanggaran ringan seperti keterlambatan dan ketidaklengkapan atribut seragam. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh meliputi sosialisasi aturan, keteladanan guru, dukungan lingkungan, serta pendekatan pembinaan yang persuasif dan edukatif. Kepala sekolah dan guru berperan penting dalam menanamkan nilai kedisiplinan melalui pembinaan moral dan keteladanan. Tata tertib sekolah berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai instrumen pengendali perilaku, tetapi juga sebagai sarana pembentukan karakter Islami. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan strategi pembinaan disiplin berbasis karakter religius di sekolah Islam terpadu. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan model pembinaan disiplin berbasis karakter religius di sekolah Islam terpadu. Kata Kunci : Kepatuhan Siswa, Tata Tertib Sekolah, Kedisiplinan, Karakter Islami
Despite Indonesia’s transition to a decentralized democratic system, a significant “informational void” persists in remote archipelagic territories, threatening the inclusivity of direct regional elections. This study addresses the urgent need to understand how voter behavior is constructed in geographically isolated communities, where traditional structures often collide with modern democratic ideals. This study examines the behavior patterns of voters on Cimpedak Island, South Konawe Regency, by integrating sociological, psychological, rational choice, and political marketing frameworks. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 informants alongside document analysis during the 2020–2021 electoral period. The results reveal that voter behavior is not a purely individual rational act but a socially mediated process driven by four factors: the authority of traditional leaders (sanroh and imah) acting as political gatekeepers; psychological proximity to candidates; rational evaluations of infrastructure needs; and localized political marketing. The implementation of these findings is crucial for Indonesian electoral commissions (KPU), to design more geographically-sensitive to voter education programs and for political actors to move beyond generic campaigns toward community-based engagement. Ultimately, this research provides a scalable model concept for enhancing electoral integrity in archipelagic democracies by bridging the gap between traditional authority and modern political participation.
