Cellulose-based hydrocolloids are emerging as renewable oleogelators for structuring edible oils into solid-fat alternatives, yet their performance remains difficult to compare because reported systems differ in cellulose chemistry, processing route, and testing conditions. This review synthesizes recent progress in ethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, and cellulose nanofibrils as oleogel structuring agents for food applications. Particular emphasis is placed on how degree of substitution, hydrophobicity, crystallinity, aspect ratio, interfacial behavior, and fibrillar entanglement regulate gelation mechanism, network strength, oil binding, oxidative stability, rheology, and food performance. Preparation routes, including heating–cooling, emulsion or foam templating, solvent exchange, high-shear processing, and ultrasonication, are compared in terms of structural control, scalability, thermal load, solvent use, food-grade compatibility, and suitability for application. Cellulose-based oleogels show strong potential for reducing saturated and trans fats in bakery, confectionery, meat, dairy, spreadable, and emerging printed food systems. However, their translation into food applications remains constrained by processing intensity, moisture sensitivity, solvent-related safety concerns, regulatory uncertainty for certain nanocellulose systems, and limited evidence of digestion. Future progress should integrate standardized rheological benchmarking, food-specific safety assessment, scalable low-energy processing, and hybrid cellulose-network design. Overall, cellulose-based oleogels offer a versatile platform for clean-label lipid structuring, provided that mechanistic understanding, safety validation, and industrial feasibility are developed together.
Cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia including women in urban areas. Despite the availability of screening services in cities like Jakarta, Tangerang, Bekasi, and Depok, uptake remains low. Understanding how women perceive the benefits and barriers to cervical cancer screening is essential to improving participation rates. This study aimed to examine the perception of benefits and barriers related to cervical cancer screening among married women living in urban areas of Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 748 married women aged 21–65 years in Jakarta, Tangerang, Bekasi, and Depok. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize key variables, including educational level and employment status, income level, and perceptions of screening. The majority of participants had a low education level (78.6%), unemployed (77.7%), and social economy status below the regional minimum wage (86.1%). A total of 57% of respondents reported low perceived benefits of cervical cancer screening, and 48.5% perceived high barriers. Despite residing in urban areas with better access to healthcare, many women continue to hold limited poor perceptions about benefits of cervical cancer screening. These findings underscore the need for targeted health education, culturally sensitive interventions, and improved accessibility to increase screening uptake in Indonesia’s urban communities.
This study examines whether Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance reduces corporate tax avoidance in ASEAN non-financial firms and whether earnings management moderates this relationship. Using 2747 firm-year observations from six ASEAN countries over the period 2015-2023, tax avoidance is measured using the inverse of GAAP ETR and the inverse of Cash ETR, while earnings management is proxied by discretionary accruals. Fixed-effects regression results show that ESG performance is associated with lower tax avoidance, as measured by the inverse of GAAP ETR. In contrast, no significant relationship is found when using the inverse of Cash ETR. These findings suggest that ESG effectively constrains accounting-based tax avoidance. However, it is not consistently reflected in actual cash tax payments. Moreover, earnings management does not moderate the ESG-tax avoidance relationship, suggesting that accrual-based manipulation does not alter the influence of ESG on firms' tax behavior. By integrating ESG, earnings management, and tax avoidance into a unified cross-country framework, this study contributes new empirical evidence for the ASEAN context. The findings offer practical implications for regulators seeking to strengthen tax governance and align sustainability commitments with actual fiscal compliance.
This study aims to analyze corporate reputation communication strategies in digital media, focusing on PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (BRI). As digital media develops as the main communication platform, corporate reputation is increasingly shaped by narratives conveyed in cyberspace. The main focus of this study is to explore how digital media influences the formation of BRI's image, as well as how these perceptions can influence investment decisions, both by individual and institutional investors. The online news articles analyzed cover topics such as BRI's commitment to financial inclusion, the bank's digital transformation, and its contribution to supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results of the study show that digital media plays a very important role in framing BRI's reputation, with an emphasis on the values of innovation, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility. The elements of reputation identified in this study include strong financial performance, successful digital transformation, and the ability to manage and support MSMEs. These elements have proven to be key factors in building investor confidence, which in turn plays an important role in influencing market perceptions of BRI. This study makes an important contribution to understanding how digital communication strategies can be used to manage corporate reputation amid the challenges and advances of information technology, as well as their impact on investor behavior in the capital market.
Type 2 diabetes melitus is a chronic disease caused by insulin resistance. In 2023, the prevalence of type 2 DM in Indonesia among people aged ≥15 years continued to increase, reaching 11.7% among people of productive age. e implementation of a natural food-based diet with high fiber and low glycemic index is important in controlling blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to describe the glycemic index and glycemic load values of test cereal drinks with added moringa leaves and compare them with commercial products. The study used a true experimental design with a crossover design on 10 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The treatment was given three times in the form of pure glucose, commercial cereal, and moringa leaf test cereal with a minimum washout period of three days. Blood glucose was collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, followed by the calculation of the glycemic index using IAUC method and glycemic load. The results showed that the moringa leaf test cereal had a GI value of 50.71% (low category), while the commercial cereal had a value of 61.06% (moderate category). Both BG values were in the moderate category, at 12.67 and 15.26, respectively. It was concluded that the moringa leaf test cereal effectively provided more stable postprandial blood glucose control due to its high fiber content and low glycemic index value.
