The digitalization of travel documents through the M-Paspor application has transformed Indonesian immigration administration. However, the hybrid nature of passport services, which combines digital registration with face-to-face verification, requires an evaluation that goes beyond technical performance toward substantive public value creation. This descriptive-exploratory qualitative study analyzes how information quality, system quality, and face-to-face service quality interact with user satisfaction to shape public value in travel document services across five Immigration Offices in Jakarta. Informants were selected purposively and consisted of 20 participants, including immigration policymakers, frontline officers, and citizen users. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, structured observations, and document review, and were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings show that accurate information and reliable systems provide administrative certainty, but public value is weakened when upload instructions, quota information, and server performance are inconsistent. In hybrid service delivery, responsive and empathetic frontline officers function as a corrective layer that converts technical convenience into satisfaction, trust, compliance legitimacy, and operational capacity. The study concludes that public value in digital immigration services is produced through the integration of reliable digital infrastructure and human-centered service quality.
Orthodontic relapse is a common complication in orthodontic treatment, referring to the tendency of teeth to shift back to their original position after orthodontic forces are discontinued. This condition is influenced by multiple biological and mechanical factors, including incomplete bone remodeling, imbalance in neuromuscular adaptation, continued craniofacial growth, and unfavorable oral habits that affect long term stability. Although retainers are routinely used to maintain tooth alignment, their effectiveness depends greatly on patient compliance, which often limits optimal outcomes. For this reason, alternative approaches involving natural agents with bioactive compounds have gained increasing attention as supportive therapies. This literature review analyzed eight scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 from reputable databases to evaluate several natural materials, including Stichopus hermanii, Vitis vinifera, Anadara granosa, Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn, Olea europaea, and Triticum aestivum. The findings indicate that some agents stimulate osteogenesis and periodontal regeneration, while others inhibit osteoclastogenesis and provide antioxidant effects. Together, these complementary mechanisms suggest promising potential in preventing orthodontic relapse.
Digital transformation in regional financial planning and budgeting requires integrated data, substantive validation, process traceability, and accountable decision-making. However, the Regional Government Information System has not fully resolved limitations in data quality, substantive validation, interoperability, system stability, user capacity, and evaluation traceability. This study aims to analyze the existing digital governance of regional financial planning and budgeting, identify factors affecting effectiveness and transparency, and formulate a digital governance model. A qualitative approach with an embedded single-case study was conducted at the Directorate General of Regional Financial Development. Data were collected from 16 purposively selected informants through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis, followed by data condensation, thematic coding, data display, and verification. The findings show that digital governance has shifted regional budgeting from fragmented arrangements toward a more integrated and standardized ecosystem, improving procedural effectiveness and transparency, while substantive weaknesses remain in data quality, validation, audit trails, evaluation tracking, and interoperability. The novelty is the Integrative-Substantive Digital Governance Model, which positions digital governance as a socio-technical and institutional ecosystem integrating data quality, traceability, interoperability, accountability, and central-regional collaboration to strengthen regional budget governance.
Background: The public interest in removing extrinsic tooth stains has increased substantially. Tooth brushing with whitening toothpaste remains most common approach, however some non-herbal whitening agents may be associated with adverse effect such as irritation, allergies and mucosal ulceration. Research reveals that siwak (Salvadora persica) has reportedly contains high concentrations silica which contribute to tooth stain removal and colour improvment. This study aimed compare the effectiveness of non-herbal whitening toothpaste and siwak-based herbal whitening toothpaste (Salvadora persica) on enamel discoloration. Methods: Laboratory experimental research 30 extracted premolar teeth divided into three group siwak-based herbal toothpaste, non-herbal toothpaste and control group immersed in distilled water the treatment group were brushed for 14 days, then enamel color changes were assesed using VITAPAN Classical shade guide. Results: All groups showed changes an discoloration score on day 7 and 14. The siwak herbal toothpaste and non-herbal toothpaste was not statistically significant with a value of p = 0.796 (p0.05). Conclusion: Non herbal whitening toothpaste demonstrated more potential whiten tooth enamel than siwak based herbal whitening toothpaste), however, the difference was not statistically significant
An ideal root canal irrigant should provide effective antimicrobial activity while maintaining biocompatibility with periradicular tissues. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the gold standard, has notable cytotoxicity, prompting investigation of herbal alternatives such as Citrus aurantifolia juice. This study evaluated the viability of Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells exposed to C. aurantifolia juice at different concentrations as a potential root canal irrigant. An in vitro laboratory experiment was conducted using HDF cells treated with C. aurantifolia juice at 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL. Chlorhexidine 2% and NaOCl 2.5% served as positive controls, while DMEM served as the negative control. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell morphology was observed using an inverted microscope after 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD. Significant differences in cell viability were observed among groups (p < 0.001). Viability at 15.625 and 31.25 µg/mL was 127.34% and 119.53%, respectively, exceeding the negative control. In contrast, viability decreased to 34.57% at 62.5 µg/mL and approximately 0% at 125 µg/mL. No significant difference was observed between 125 µg/mL and 2.5% NaOCl (p = 0.948). Morphological observations showed concentration-dependent changes, from preserved morphology at lower concentrations to reduced cell density, cytoplasmic shrinkage, and detachment at higher concentrations. C. aurantifolia juice showed a concentration-dependent cytotoxic response, with concentrations ≤31.25 µg/mL maintaining cell viability above the ISO 10993-5 cytotoxicity threshold, whereas concentrations ≥62.5 µg/mL were cytotoxic. Low concentrations may have potential as a biocompatible herbal root canal irrigant and warrant further investigation.
