Pembelajaran menulis di era digital menuntut pergeseran pemahaman dari praktik menulis berbasis teks verbal menuju desain makna multimodal yang mengintegrasikan berbagai mode semiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan menulis teks digital terpadu siswa serta menganalisis keterkaitannya dengan faktor afektif berupa keyakinan diri dan kecemasan menulis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif deskriptif korelasional dengan melibatkan siswa sekolah menengah sebagai partisipan. Data dikumpulkan melalui tugas menulis teks digital terpadu yang dinilai menggunakan rubrik multimodal serta angket afektif, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan korelasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan menulis teks digital terpadu siswa berada pada kategori sedang, dengan ketimpangan capaian antardimensi. Capaian tertinggi terdapat pada dimensi kualitas teks verbal, sementara capaian terendah terdapat pada dimensi integrasi lintas mode. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa menulis digital masih dipahami terutama sebagai perubahan medium penyajian, bukan sebagai aktivitas desain makna yang menuntut pengambilan keputusan semiotik lintas mode. Analisis korelasional menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara keterampilan menulis digital dan keyakinan diri, serta hubungan negatif dengan kecemasan menulis. Implikasi penelitian menegaskan pentingnya pembelajaran dan penilaian yang secara eksplisit mengajarkan integrasi makna lintas mode serta memberikan dukungan afektif agar siswa mampu mengelola kompleksitas menulis digital sebagai praktik desain makna yang terpadu. High School Students' Digital Text Writing Skills and Their Relationship to the Author's Affective Factors Learning to write in the digital era demands a shift in understanding from verbal text-based writing practices to multimodal meaning design that integrates various semiotic modes. This study aims to describe students' integrated digital text writing skills and analyze their relationship to affective factors such as writing self-efficacy and writing anxiety. This study used a quantitative, descriptive-correlational design involving high school students as participants. Data were collected through integrated digital text writing assignments assessed using a multimodal rubric and an affective questionnaire, then analyzed descriptively and correlationally. The results showed that students' integrated digital text writing skills were in the moderate category, with disparities in achievement across dimensions. The highest achievement was found in the verbal text quality dimension, while the lowest achievement was in the cross-mode integration dimension. These findings indicate that digital writing is still understood primarily as a change in presentation medium, rather than as a meaning design activity that requires cross-mode semiotic decision-making. The correlational analysis showed a positive relationship between digital writing skills and self-efficacy, and a negative relationship with writing anxiety. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of learning and assessment that explicitly teach cross-mode meaning integration and provide affective support so that students can manage the complexity of digital writing as an integrated meaning design practice.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity interventions within a college physical education curriculum on postural stability control in adolescent females, while also serving as a follow-up study on the inclinometer sensor measurement tool currently under development. The research sample consisted of 35 healthy and active female students, with a mean age of 18.9 years (SD ± 0.832) and a mean BMI of 20.9 (SD ± 4.36). This study focused on assessing postural stability through a series of standing scenarios: bipedal (Bi), unipedal (Uni), and tiptoe (Tip), each lasting 10 seconds per test. These tests utilized an inclinometer sensor to accurately measure balance and stability in each posture. The scenarios were designed to challenge various aspects of postural control, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the participants' ability to maintain stability under different conditions. The data in this study focused on the Mean (M) ± values derived from 100 readings recorded by the sensor as it measured the participants' tilt tendencies during a 10-second period, and the Standard Deviation (SD) values as the recorded outcome of their body sway stability. The study's analysis revealed significant changes between pre-test and post-test results, with decreased means, increased variability, and notable performance fluctuations. The Friedman and Wilcoxon tests confirmed significant differences across multiple variables, indicating that the intervention had a substantial and consistent impact on measurement outcomes across all groups. The study found a significant improvement in participants' postural stability, particularly in the sagittal plane. Initially leaning forward, their posture became more stable and upright after 16 sessions of the physical education program. Stability in the frontal plane also improved, showing that the intervention had a positive impact on their overall postural control, both in terms of body tilt angles and body sway stability.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif fenomena tindakan main hakim sendiri (vigilantisme) dalam masyarakat Indonesia, dengan menyoroti faktor-faktor penyebab, dinamika sosial yang melatarbelakanginya, serta upaya penanggulangan yang relevan menurut perspektif kriminologi dan hukum pidana. Fenomena vigilantisme dipahami sebagai bentuk pengendalian sosial informal yang muncul ketika masyarakat kehilangan kepercayaan terhadap efektivitas sistem peradilan formal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan, yang mengkaji literatur hukum, teori-teori kriminologi, data empiris, dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif untuk menguraikan pola, kecenderungan, serta dampak tindakan main hakim sendiri dalam konteks sosial-hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vigilantisme dipicu oleh dua kelompok faktor: (1) faktor internal, seperti kemarahan kolektif, frustasi, persepsi negatif terhadap pelaku kejahatan, serta dorongan emosional yang diperkuat oleh dinamika massa; dan (2) faktor eksternal, meliputi lemahnya penegakan hukum, rendahnya literasi hukum, ketidakpastian hukum, keterlambatan proses peradilan, serta pembiaran aparat terhadap kekerasan. Dampaknya tidak hanya menimbulkan eskalasi kekerasan dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, tetapi juga melemahkan legitimasi negara sebagai pemegang otoritas hukum. Selain itu, fenomena ini berpotensi menciptakan budaya impunitas dan normalisasi tindakan kekerasan yang dapat mengganggu stabilitas sosial dalam jangka panjang.
Introduction: The association between Helicobacter pylori infection and Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) in children is a subject of long-standing, significant controversy. While numerous studies in hospital-based settings report a significant link, major practice guidelines conclude no association exists for functional abdominal pain. This systematic review aims to resolve this conflict by synthesizing the evidence through the distinct frameworks of organic versus functional gastrointestinal disease. Methods: This review adheres to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Springer, Wiley Online Library was conducted for studies published from 1995 to 2025. Observational (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort) studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and meta-analyses comparing H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative pediatric patients (<18 years) with RAP or functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Results: Eighteen primary studies, including four meta-analyses, met the inclusion criteria. The evidence was highly stratified by study setting. A key meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant and strong association between H. pylori and abdominal pain in hospital-based studies (Pooled Odds Ratio 2.87; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.62–5.09). This was supported by hospital-based cohorts reporting that 100% of H. pylori-positive RAP patients had organic gastritis and 80% experienced symptom resolution post-eradication. Conversely, the same meta-analysis found no association in population-based studies (Pooled OR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.46–2.11). This null finding was confirmed by large, population-based studies and meta-analyses specific to FAPDs like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), which found no significant link. Discussion: The "controversy" in the literature is identified as a "lumping fallacy," wherein studies fail to differentiate between two distinct clinical entities: (1) organic RAP caused by H. pylori-induced gastritis/PUD, and (2) true, Rome IV-defined FAPD, a disorder of gut-brain interaction. The significant findings (OR 2.87) represent the subset of children with organic disease, while the null findings (OR 0.99) represent the larger FAPD population where H. pylori is an incidental finding. Conclusion: The association between H. pylori and pediatric RAP is significant, but only within the specific subgroup of children whose pain is a clinical manifestation of H. pylori-driven organic gastroduodenal pathology. H. pylori infection is not associated with true functional abdominal pain. Clinical practice must, therefore, be guided by rigorous triage using "red flag" symptoms to differentiate patients who require organic workup (including H. pylori testing) from those who require FAPD management.
Aim of the study. The primary aim of this study was to explore the impact of three distinct strength training methods—plyometric training, resistance band exercises, and compound weightlifting—on performance indicators such as vertical jump height, agility, and shoulder flexibility in badminton players. Material and methods. Thirty male amateur badminton players (aged 18–25 years) with a minimum of two years of playing experience participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to one of three training groups, each performing their respective training regimen three times a week for six weeks. The three groups were: plyometric training, resistance band training, and compound weightlifting. Performance was assessed before and after the intervention using vertical jump tests, a shuttle run for agility, and a shoulder flexibility test. Results. Statistical analyses (ANOVA) revealed significant improvements in all performance measures. Plyometric training significantly boosted agility (p = 0.001), while resistance band exercises improved shoulder flexibility (p = 0.003). Compound weightlifting led to significant gains in vertical jump height (p = 0.005). No significant differences were found in vertical jump height improvements across groups (p = 0.08), although agility and shoulder flexibility showed distinct benefits based on the type of training (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The study indicates that different strength training approaches yield specific improvements in performance for badminton players. Plyometric exercises are most effective for enhancing agility, resistance band training is beneficial for shoulder flexibility, and compound weightlifting excels in boosting vertical jump height.
