Arka Jain University is a private university located in Gamharia, Seraikela Kharsawan district, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. It was established under Arka Jain University Act on 14 July 2017.
Aluminum matrix composites are progressively utilized in automotive, aerospace, and structural applications that necessitate lightweight materials with superior wear resistance and consistent frictional properties under rigorous operating conditions. Enhancing the tribological performance of aluminum alloys by appropriate reinforcement techniques and effective multi-objective optimization is a significant task. This work examined and refined tribological attribute of stir-cast AA8011 aluminum matrix composites augmented with bimodal micro-sized silicon dioxide (SiO₂) particles. A constant reinforcement content of 5 wt
In modern cryptography, improving the cryptographic security of Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) has become a compelling trend. Traditional models like the zk-SNARK and zk-STARK has shown strong security but are accompanied by the inherent issues of computational complexity and proof size. This work presents the Algebraic Zero-Knowledge Proof (AZKP) framework, using algebraic structures and integration of elliptic curves to optimize proof creation and verification. The suggested approach fills in key gaps found in the current methodologies, such as huge computational overhead and enormous proof sizes. Prime factorization in algebraic groups and ring homomorphisms of the AZKP framework is used to achieve small proof size without sacrificing computational efficiency. Comparing AZKP with zk-SNARK and zk-STARK models, experimental evaluation was applied to four critical performance metrics. generation time of proof, verification time, size of proof, and computational overhead. Results show that the AZKP is able to make a 48% decrease in proof generation duration and 20% increase in verification speed in comparison to zk-SNARK. Also, AZKP incurred lower computational cost than zk-STARK, with a proof size that is manageable. These results highlight the prospect of AZKP in cryptographic use where highspeed low-latency verification operations are desired. Further research will integrate AZKP in blockchain environments in order to increase real-time transaction validation.
The expeditious implementation of advanced carbon dioxide capture and capture-to-conversion technologies is imperative to facilitate climate change mitigation, foster cleaner industrial production, and establish resilient infrastructure aligned with sustainable development objectives. Traditional amine scrubbing technologies are hindered by elevated regeneration energy requirements, solvent degradation, and corrosion, necessitating the exploration of durable, energy-efficient alternatives. This review meticulously evaluates next-generation nanomaterials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic polymers/covalent organic frameworks (POPs/COFs), carbonaceous adsorbents, and hybrid nanocomposites, while correlating material performance with device and system applications. A standardized benchmarking framework systematically compares equilibrium and working capacities, CO₂/N₂ selectivity, tolerance to moisture and impurities (SOₓ/NOₓ), cyclic stability, mass-transfer kinetics, implications for pressure drop, and regeneration energy, while also mapping these metrics to temperature-swing adsorption (TSA)/pressure swing adsorption (PSA)/vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) contactors, structured monoliths, mixed-matrix membranes, and intensified capture–conversion reactors. Innovations such as dynamic/switchable sorbents, photothermal and electro-swing regeneration, defect engineering, and tandem catalytic capture platforms are analyzed, with a focus on scalability, design, and realistic operational conditions in flue-gas environments. Integrated techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) findings delineate capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX), as well as embodied carbon hotspots, with abatement costs typically estimated at 40-80 USD per ton of CO₂ under favorable energy and lifespan assumptions. A roadmap for 2030–2035 emphasizes the importance of durability certification, the deployment of modular retrofitting solutions, and validation at the pilot scale.
Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) has emerged as a pivotal framework for achieving sustainable food security under accelerating climate change. Rooted in three interlinked pillars—productivity enhancement, resilience building, and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation—CSA integrates diverse interventions that align agronomic innovation with climate action. Core strategies include climate-resilient crop varieties, conservation agriculture to sustain soil fertility, agroforestry systems for carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation, and precision agriculture leveraging digital tools for efficient resource management. Meta-analytical evidence indicates that CSA adoption can raise equivalent yields by up to 38%, while biochar application enhances productivity by 15.1% and reduces global warming potential by 27.1%. Climate-Smart Agriculture enhances food security by increasing productivity and resilience, and reducing emissions. Meta-analyses indicate that CSA can increase equivalent yields, standardized output adjusted for crop type, energy or economic value, by as much as 38%, with practices like biochar further increasing productivity and reducing climate impacts. Growing investments around the world are foregrounding the role of CSA in realizing a ''triple win'' for agriculture. Similarly, improved nutrient and soil management practices significantly curb nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, strengthening the productivity–mitigation nexus. At the policy scale, global momentum is accelerating—the World Bank has expanded CSA financing portfolios, the United States invested USD 19.5 billion under the Inflation Reduction Act, and countries such as India and Kenya have mainstreamed CSA within national adaptation strategies to empower smallholder farmers. Collectively, CSA delivers a “triple win” of enhanced productivity, adaptive capacity, and climate mitigation, positioning it as a cornerstone for resilient and low-carbon agri-food systems of the future.
This paper introduces a single and three-phase five-level switched-capacitor multilevel inverter (SC-MLI) topology distinguished by self-voltage balancing and intrinsic voltage enhancement capabilities. The proposed topology (PT) gets a voltage gain factor of two without needing an extra DC-DC boost converter or transformer. The PT generates a five-level output voltage using merely eight switches for single-phase and five switches for per-phase three-phase topologies, along with two diodes and two capacitors, thereby providing a more compact, economical, and efficient solution. A thorough comparison with existing SCMLI setups underscores the advantages of the PT. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed approach, extensive simulations and experimental studies have been performed to confirm the efficacy of the PT. The measured efficiency and cost of the PT are 97.84% and $69.04, respectively.
