学术界对规律问题的争议持久且复杂,如何打破对"规律"问题的熟知非真知怪圈,解决相关的理论争鸣,需要重新审视马克思主义的科学规律论.首先,要回归文本,厘清马克思主义经典作家的规律思想探索史,可从总体上把握马克思、恩格斯"规律"思想的生成路径与最终确立的"规律支配过程"的观点.其次,要从本体论、认识论、实践论三个维度出发,从整体上掌握马克思主义哲学中"规律"论的内在逻辑.简言之,本体论层面的"规律"是包括人类社会在内的物质世界不可丢失和消灭的属性;认识论层面的"规律"是对本体论层面"规律"——"普遍规律性"——的近似;在实践论层面,人能利用但不能违背"规律",不能用历史选择论代替历史规律论.这三个层面构成了对"规律"的科学把握.最后,借助于此,理论界能进一步加强相关问题的研究基础,扫清理论迷雾,不断拓展马克思主义"规律"论的理论深度.
As a kind of subculture capital, NFT digital collection is dominating the production and communication of the network subculture of the youth group. Using taste and interest as the basic currency, the NFT digital collections build all-encompassing online subculture circles of taste and interest full of fluidity, with distinctions occurring between circles, generations, and community members. The communication practice of NFT digital collection also has new significance: First, the connection of weak relationship is stimulated unprecedentedly, and young groups of different identities complete the gathering and upgrading of relationship in the interaction practice of NFT digital collections, and finally assemble into a network society with weak relationship as the core. Second, NFT digital collections connect different circles of taste and interest, and individual actions between circles are not restricted by ecological isolation. Mobility makes superentities with multiple identities not confined to specific communities, and communication practices based on individual free will become normal. Third, in the interaction of NFT digital collections based on digital media and the Internet of all things, the boundary between material and spiritual interactions is eliminated, resulting in an intermingling and inter-promoting pattern.
Although the Administrative Litigation Law ,the Interpretation of the Administrative Litigation Law ,and the Interpretation of Prosecutorial Public Interest Litigation stipulate five applicable situations and two applicable modes for confirming illegal judgments in environmental administrative public interest litigation,they do not specify whether confir-ming of illegal judgments and the "performance of duties"judgments can be used together,nor do they clarify whether the"performance period before procuratorial suggestions"is included in the period for confirming illegal judgments and how to apply the prosecution period for confirming illegal judgments.The combination of confirming illegal judgments and "fulfilling responsibilities"judgments,improper inclusion of the "performance period before procuratorial advice"into the period of confirming illegal judgments,and confusion in the application of the prosecution period for confirming illegal judgments have led to a dilemma in the application of environmental administrative public interest litigation confirming illegal judgments.In order to ensure the accuracy of litigation requests and achieve the unity of judgment rules,it is recommended to apply multi-dimensional correction to the errors in confirming illegal judgments and "fulfilling responsibilities"judgments.The "perform-ance period before procuratorial advice"should be excluded from the period of confirming illegal judgments,and special pro-visions should be made for the prosecution period of confirming illegal judgments,in order to solve the aforementioned diffi-culties of confirming illegal judgments in environmental administrative public interest litigation one by one.
The poets of Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty followed a relatively stable poetic tradition,which could be roughly divided into the elegant tradition of The Book of Songs,the tradition of imitating the style of Tao Yuanming,the tradition of worshiping Du Fu,and the tradition of internal inheritance of poets of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties.They believed that The Book of Songs contained complete philosophical connotations and natural law and was the classic paradigm and highest standard of poetry creation.The temperament and poetic style of Tao Yuanming were very con-sistent with the Neo-Confucianism thought of poets of Neo-Confucianism,so the poems of those who advocated Tao often imitated the style of Tao Yuanming.Du Fu's poems have antithesis in poetic rhymes,and his techniques and philosophical connotations are not as good as those in The Book of Songs.However,his poetic style is elegant and powerful and has a style of moralists.Therefore,poets of Neo-Confucianism both had the thoughts of doubting and worshiping Du Pu.The poems of famous Neo-Confucianists,represented by Shao Yong and Chen Xianzhang,were in line with opinions of people respecting the natural principles,and the poets in the Ming Dynasty especially advocated these principles,thus forming relatively closed poetry aesthetic traditions.These four traditions correspond to the four principles of the deep integration of Neo-Confucianism and poetry.In short,with Neo-Confucianism as the core and the degree of connection with Neo-Confucianism as the radius,the poetry traditions of the Ming Dynasty's nature poets can be divided into four styles,namely,the internally continued tradition of Neo-Confucianism,the tradition of elegant poems,the tradition of imitating Tao Yuanming's style,and the tradition of admiring Du Fu's style,finally establishing a"concentric circle"with poetic method,poetic comment and poetic composition.
Mass food safety harm arises from the coupling of both human and non-human factors with social risks,char-acterized by the complexity of causal relationships and the scale of resulting damages.Judicial remedies face multiple obstacles during the litigation and enforcement stages,while administrative remedies often prove ineffective and fail to pro-vide adequate relief to victims in practice.Under the framework of public-private partnership remedies,the public sector can collaborate with private entities to provide relief,offering advantages over administrative remedies and the potential to com-plement judicial remedies,thereby better addressing mass food safety harm.At the institutional level,public-private partner-ship remedies should be implemented as a compensation fund under national guarantee,which can be operationalized through pre-authorized administrative agreements.Additionally,specific legislation should be enacted to establish authorization norms and operational regulations for public-private partnership remedies,while amending relevant laws to ensure their compatibility with existing judicial remedies.
Wang Yangming is a representative figure of Lu&Wang's Xin Doctrine in the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties,and his Xin Doctrine system is,in certain sense,a kind of pragmatic thought.From the perspective of the source of Wang Yangming's Xin Doctrine,it embodies the basic principle of starting from reality.From the perspective of Wang Yangming's Xin Doctrine system,it embodies the sincerity theory of the unity of original substance and martial effort.From the perspective of Wang Yangming's life trajectory,it reflects his ideal of emphasizing practical results and pur-suing practical application.In short,Wang Yangming's Xin Doctrine embodies the spirit of pragmatic thought,which has positive value for the development of contemporary society and moral progress.
In the digital age,individuals have taken on a new form of identity—the digital identity.Due to the deep inte-gration of the real world and the virtual world,digital identity has become the background of identity that people use every day without knowing it,which has drawn critical attention to the construction of digital identity in academic circles.Digital i-dentity has an inevitable logic of generation:the departure of the physical body and the presence of the incarnation reserve space for the shaping of digital identity;the medium of discourse provides a powerful vehicle for the non-linear construction of digital identity;digital power is the external help for the generation of digital identity,and the power game between indi-viduals and the platform is self-reflexive to promote the emergence of digital identity;and the demand for personal self-repre-sentation is the internal source of motivation for the generation of digital identity.The prerequisites,the vehicle of expres-sion,the external help and the internal motivation are all interlinked,together driving the creation of digital identity.
Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long:Quan Fu first proposed the concept of"side attachment"in Fu-style writing,pointing to the ingenious and delicate"small structures"that require precise language and appropriate imagery.He further defined it within the scope of"the importance of attaching oneself to a side",highlighting the significance of"reasoning"in fu.While previous scholars have discussed the meaning of"side attachment"as expressions such as"attaching oneself from the side and finding something to rely on",there is little discussion specifically regarding the writing technique that involves Fu-style being reliant on objects or images.However,by examining the creative ecology of Fu-style writing,an interpreta-tion of"side attachment"must consider two perspectives:"Fu-style"(small structures)and"Fu-reasoning"(importance of reasoning).Through this exploration,we can also discover how Fu-style history has evolved from small structures to encom-pass considerations such as composition planning and syntax,while simultaneously extending beyond mere reliance on rea-soning through auxiliary support into contemplating comparative methods for creating Fu-style works.
As a carrier that fully demonstrates the achievements of the rule of law in new China's foreign relations to the world and realizes the systematic integration of the rule of law system in foreign relations with Chinese characteristics,China's Law on Foreign Relations has contributed a"model law"for the international community(especially for sovereign countries with a correct view of international justice and interests)to regulate foreign relations.China's Law on Foreign Re-lations provides the legal basis for China to develop foreign relations in the new era,clearly expresses China's vision of global governance,and,for the first time in the form of law,establishes participation in global governance as an important content as well as a considering element of weighing up international obligation and interest in China's development of foreign rela-tions.In accordance with China's Law on Foreign Relations,China's implementation of the global governance vision requires adhering to the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind,persisting with the basic principles of extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefits,becoming committed to achieving three major goals and tasks,re-sponding to the general call of systemic reform,empirically accomplishing five key construction programs,and strengthening domestic institutional support and political guarantee for global governance.
Transmedia narrative was supposed to be an essential part embraced by narratology when early narratologists began to develop this discipline,and it was considered beneficial to both narratology and media studies.This paper examines the issues of media blindness and proposes for a media-conscious narratology.It argues that such a narratology not only needs to incorporate media into the scope of narrative study,adjust or update the existing theoretical frame of narrative but also deal with some newly emerged issues such as narrativity at the macro level and transmedia time,space,characters and other narrative elements at the micro level.
"Body"plays an important role in the public's technological cognition and acceptance,but its specific mecha-nism is still unclear.Through the sentiment analysis and thematic analysis of big data of public discussion on facial recogni-tion technology on Weibo,the study found that the Chinese public's positive and negative sentiments towards facial recogni-tion technology are generated along two completely different paths.The positive sentiments towards facial recognition tech-nology are more derived from the disembodied utopian imagination of technology itself and its social functions.But the nega-tive sentiments towards facial recognition technology mostly stem from the embodied using experience in real-life scenarios.The separation of this sentimental generation mechanism further reveals the different identity imaginations of the public re-garding"I"and"we"when facing corresponding technologies.This conclusion reminds us that when promoting public ac-ceptance of controversial technologies,grand narratives or science popularization may only further amplify the positive senti-ments,but may not effectively alleviate their fear of using them.To effectively reduce the public's fear or other negative sen-timents toward such technology,emphasizing the embodied trial and use may be more effective.
With provincial panel data from 2000 to 2019,the reciprocal of the education Gini coefficient was used as the proxy variable of education equity,and the common prosperity index was calculated from the three dimensions of affluence,commonality and sustainability,and the impact mechanism and effect of educational equity on common prosperity were stud-ied.The results show that:Educational equity positively affects common prosperity,not only affecting commonality,but al-so promoting prosperity more.For every 1%increase in educational equity,commonality increases by 0.80%,affluence by 1.44%,and the total common prosperity index by 2.74%.Education equity promotes common prosperity through the interme-diary role of human capital accumulation,regional innovation ability and residents'entrepreneurial vitality,of which the in-termediary role of regional innovation ability is 46.74%,the intermediary role of human capital accumulation is 18.91%,and the intermediary role of residents'entrepreneurial vitality is 6.72%.Provinces with strong disciplines in higher education,sound economic development and high internet penetration rate have a strong role in promoting common prosperity through educational equity.
The book Wu Shu by Wei Zhao is the result of three official revisions of the national history of Wu,and it also serves as the fundamental basis for Chen Shou's private work Wu Shu.After a change in dynasty,there was a surge among the people of Wu to privately compile their own history of Wu,mainly due to dissatisfaction with Chen Shou's biased per-spective towards Wei.In the process of official revision and private compilation of Wu's national history,the people of Wu not only shaped the new orthodox view of"three kingdoms with three rulers",but also enhanced the literary nature of events through different perspectives and historical sources,presenting a new aspect to historiography.The historians from Wu also continued the long-standing belief in immortal literature and highlighted a new concept that historical works can be immortal.
From the perspective of protecting the right to portrait,Article 1019 of China's Civil Code regulates the tech-nology of"deepfakes"and establishes it as a distinct type of infringement on portraits separate from"defamation"or"dis-grace".This is because deepfake technology involves complex violations of portrait rights,with unique attributions and different constitutive elements compared to general cases of portrait infringement.However,there are limitations in the regu-lation of deepfake technology under Article 1019 of the Civil Code.It should be improved to serve as the core legal regulation and encourage industry self-governance within its framework.A multi-stakeholder approach should be adopted to collectively address the governance of deepfake technology.
The interactive rituals of bullet screen text forges the consciousness of the Chinese national community,which contains a scientific and complete internal logic.Chinese national culture serves as the logical starting point,awakening the collective memory,which mobilizes consensus values.This in turn drives people to participate in interaction with the help of bullet screen text technology and build a comprehensive interactive field.The elements of interactive rituals are logical inter-mediaries,with the mutual construction and circulation of the four major elements within the interactive field completing the process of driving emotional development from awakening to cohesion and then to identification,transforming transient emo-tional experiences into sustained out of emotional energy.Emotional energy is at its core,as its eruption continuously gener-ates a sense of belonging,solidarity,and identity among young individuals while consistently actualizing it.This further prompts people to solidify their sense of community among the Chinese nation from the three dimensions of cognition,emo-tion and behavior.
The method of"futi"in the creation of imitative Yuefu poetry strictly follows the given theme,and uses the content suggested by the theme to generate ideas.Since the Qi and Liang dynasties,literati Yuefu poets have extensively employed this meth-od to conceive and convey their intentions.It allows them to adopt a new style for imitating ancient themes while also exploring con-temporary meanings within those themes,thus providing more freedom for innovation in both thematic content and structural form of imitative Yuefu poetry.The correspondence between ancient Yuefu themes and song titles formed through the use of"futi"pro-vides inspiration for Tang dynasty gexing-style poem composition:poets imbue ancient themes with new interpretations in their imi-tative Yuefu poems,breaking free from traditional constraints on poetic forms,resulting in gexing-style poems that resemble imita-ted classical compositions.Gexing-style poems with a combination of a"theme + lyrics-like title"retain words related to singing or songs while emphasizing the main theme,serving as an identifying element for gexing-style poems.On the other hand,gexing-style poems with newly created non-lyrical titles further strengthen poetic themes but only reflect their genre attributes through structural organization within the poem itself.The formation of Tang dynasty's ge-style poetry is closely related to literati's use of"futi"in creating imitative Yuefu works.
The methodology of Chinese path to modernization is an important symbol of the connotation of"Chinese style",and the fundamental purpose of Chinese path to modernization is to meet the people's needs for a better life.It is in-ternally required,by employing the methodology of Chinese path to modernization,to correctly handle the major relationships between top-level design and practical exploration,strategy and tactics,integrity and innovation,efficiency and fairness,vi-tality and order,self-reliance and opening up,so as to ease the people's difficulties,and satisfy the people's needs.
20 世纪 50 至 70 年代,中国连续实现了人工合成牛胰岛素、青蒿素药物研制和杂交水稻育种技术的重大突破,创造了发展中大国科学技术自主创新的奇迹.从经济学视角展开分析,在"需求-市场-社会"的框架下分析中国生物技术重大突破的影响因素,主要包括国民生存和健康的需求、国内和国外的市场规模以及国家追求技术赶超的强烈愿望.总结三次重大突破的共同特征,由国家统一配置相关资源、全国范围开展协作攻关以及专家长期探索提出技术路线,构成了技术创新的举国体制的基本框架.在社会主义市场经济条件下构建技术创新的新型举国体制,应吸取传统举国体制的经验教训,致力于优化资源配置的机制、构建产学研结合的技术联盟以及推动产业升级和重点产业高质量发展.
自鲁迅的小说《孔乙己》发表后,陆续有画家围绕小说的人物形象与故事情节,创作了大量的图像作品,形成了另一种讲述孔乙己的方式.画家们在绘制《孔乙己》图像时,不仅用颜色、线条、光线等营构画面、再现文本,还借助图像自身的表意机制和独特的语法规则,去写意、抒情、表达观点,形成图像的"出位之思".在价值判断层面,通过选编图像内容,营构了反抗式的启蒙精神图像和温情式的闲静生活图景;在审美阐释层面,通过审美本体的风格论、审美寓意的象征论与审美文化的畅神论,阐释了图像的自然意义、规约意义和内在意义;在社会批评层面,通过脚本、背景、题榜钤印等文字媒介观照与批判社会现实.
农村公共服务的有效供给是改善和保障民生的重要机制,是实现乡村全面振兴的重要前提.运用数据包络分析模型(DEA)测度了 2009-2020 年我国 30 个省(自治区、直辖市)的农村公共服务供给效率值,研究发现:从全国层面来看,我国农村公共服务供给效率偏低,且呈现出 U 形趋势——2009-2011 年保持不变,2012-2013 年递减,2013 年后又呈递增趋势;对全国各省的供给效率进行横向和纵向对比发现,各省供给效率有显著差异,但总体上全要素生产效率随时间先呈微弱增长态势,继而出现衰退态势.综合来看,我国各地区的农村公共服务供给存在供给"冷热不均"、供给模式缺乏创新、供给主体协同不足以及供给要素和供给区域不协调等方面的问题及改进空间.
