We live in the age of disaster and conflict, the social work profession must think about how to respond. Using the approach of practice research, the author collaborated with a local faith-based social work organisation for approximately eight years, gradually developing a framework of social work of reconciliation (SWR) within the practice process. The framework now guides the service design for the organisation. In this article, the author will first introduce the framework of SWR and then use the case of this organisation, in which he was involved from 2010 to 2022, to illustrate how the organization was guided by the framework of SWR to provide services that intend to repair the cracks and restore the broken relationships between people and people, people and self, and people and nature, to jointly build inclusive communities that embrace justice, equality, social cohesion, peace and harmony. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(SWR) (sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) "(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)2010(sic)(sic)2022(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).
Common prosperity is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese-style modernization, and social inequality is one of the basic problems that hinder the realization of the goal of common prosperity. Only by deeply understanding the situation and formation mechanism of social inequality in the new stage of development can we truly and effectively promote the process of common prosperity. The inequality, form, formation mechanism, and effects of society will have different forms and manifestations due to changes in the institutional background and development stages of society. Research on social inequality should be placed in the context of institutional and stage changes and focus on major changes in society and new features of social inequality based on these major changes. The pattern of social inequality in China will undergo profound changes in the new stage of development due to profound changes in the economic-social structure, and the realization of common prosperity will face many new challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the deepening and optimization of research on China’s social inequality and its formation mechanism.
During the period of people’s commune, the state implemented the policy of “sending films to the countryside”, which acted on the flexible governance process of the countryside in the form of collective entertainment and the practical mechanism of edutainment. As a kind of media, the film carried the multiple governance goals of the state to the rural society in the way of political propaganda and education. The oral history data respectively trace the state governance dimension from the perspective of grassroots political elites and the actual governance efficiency from the perspective of peasants. The practice has proved that: on the one hand, the state has realized the reinforcement of structure of the peasants’ awareness of danger in times of peace, the concept of revolutionary struggle and the concept of collective, and reformed the rural background to a certain extent.On the other hand, under the superposition of multiple factors, the established governance objectives of the state have not been fully achieved, and the governance efficiency of film showing was limited. In addition, The “statepeasants” relationship under the background of the film showing is not the traditional “dominant-protest” type, but the incomplete positive sum game relationship, which is reflected that each takes what he needs in the interactive relationship between the state and peasant in the process of film showing. The analysis of the flexible governance mechanism in this period can serve the modernization of the contemporary grassroots governance system and governance capacity.
In recent years, Chinese social organization has presented divergent developmental paths such as administrativeization, marketization, and socialization. In response, researchers are applying three analytical-organizations. State-centered research argues that social organizations are highly dependent on state logic.Researchers analyze the development characteristics of social organizations by considering the state as governance intention and institutional environment. Same as the perspective of state logic, the emerging analytical perspective of market logic also believes that the external environment shapes the development path of social organizations.Related studies discuss the influence of market logic on social organizations and realize that state logic and market logic work together to constitute a double constraint mechanism on social organizations. Unlike the above perspectives focusing on the elements of the external environment, the perspective of charity ethics highlights the internal ethics and its role in maintaining the internal vitality and external autonomy of social organizations. In general, the multiple perspectives complement each other and go deeper, focusing on the internal and external factors that affect the operation of social organizations and contribute to explaining the development of social organizations in a multifaceted and differentiated way.
There is tension between the institutional context of “de-familization” that ignores the family and the functional demand of “re-familization” that relies on the family in our welfare policy. In this context, the welfare policy for vulnerable children lacked the service orientation of “family care”. Firstly, endogenous and exogenous dilemmas made families with vulnerable children have multiple welfare needs, and the concept of “care for family”was very necessary. Secondly, the developmental service orientation was the basis of the realization of “care for family”, so we distinguished four types of welfare policies for children in distress, and pointed out the possibility of the four types in reality. Finally, we put forward concrete ways to realize “care for family” through multi-subject participation and an institutionalized and professional service system.
Financing is one of the main problems for the effective performance of the long-term care insurance.The central and local governments are striving to diversify the financing sources in order to ease the caring burden of residents and financial pressure, thus promoting a smooth transition from the pilot to the popularization of the insurance institution. From the perspective of social governance, in the process of diversified financing practice,the long-term care insurance system presents a transitional form in three dimensions of subject, structure, and rules,which represents the unique aspects of social transformation. These forms suggest the institutional continuity and innovation of grass-roots governance, as well as the adaptive relationship between the unified system and effective governance. To make grass-roots governance and policy innovation more sustainable and valid, the local social resources need to be fully utilized in the logic of legality, rationality, and reasonableness.
The development of rural charity reflects the trajectory of rural social change. The clan background of Jinjiang villages in Fujian province gives birth to ethical charity forms, while the village differentiation in the process of marketization provides an opportunity for the adaptive development of rural charity, forming a mechanism of elite mobilization, dynamic regulation and social absorption under the integration of grassroots organizations.Rural philanthropy has gradually evolved from an ethical practice to a village-oriented public welfare practice,integrating tradition and modernity, the state and society, and showing distinct inclusiveness. Therefore, rural charity is an important way of rural social construction and has a significant social governance effect. As a governance medium, rural charity not only stimulates the vitality of rural society, but also maintains the equilibrium of village mentality and order, introduces the competition in village differentiation into the reproduction track of rural public order, and rebuilds the community of grassroots social governance.
This systematic review examines studies on intergenerational programs over the last decade.Research on this area shows that: although the intergenerational project has attracted attention from international researchers, academic evidence of local experience in China remains insufficient. The intergenerational interaction theory serves as the core theoretical framework of research in this area, but it fails to bridge the gap between the theoretical and practical implications. Activities of the intergenerational project demonstrate a variety of themes.However, little attention has been paid to the community or social development issues. The project evaluation mostly has adopted an evidence-based method, but the discussions on the comprehensive effectiveness of non-familial intergenerational programs are far from satisfactory. Based on the identifications of these characteristics, we propose the following intervention implications for Chinese non-familial intergenerational programs: Firstly, a theory-driven practical intervention model should be built. Secondly, further studies and intergenerational project plans should target the community（social） development issues. Lastly, the research design of program evaluation needs to take more comprehensive factors and the sustainability of intergenerational projects into consideration.
In the post-poverty alleviation era that emphasizes consolidating the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, the employment of family members is significant to the stability of poverty alleviation of families which may return to poverty. Based on the CGSS2017 survey data, this study differs low-income families from families with subsistence allowances regarding the minimum wage standard and the minimum living standard. The Propensity Score Matching method is applied to test the informal employment of members against their average monthly family income and monthly family income per capita, with a focus on analyzing the impact of informal employment income on the income of these two types of families. It was found that the type of employment of household members was significantly related to the type of household; informal employment was the main type of employment of members in low-income and low-income households, and informal employment differed from formal employment in terms of household income, education level, household registration, and management position status.The analysis of informal employment of members in both types of households from employment type and income disparity reveals that: although the average monthly income and monthly income per capita of households with informally employed members is significantly lower than those of households with formally employed members,the informal employment of members only contributes to a limited extent to the formation of this disparity. It is thus insufficient to negate the basic role of informal employment income in the maintenance of livelihoods and stabilization of poverty alleviation in both types of households.
The elderly association is a basic and comprehensive modern mutual-aid organization with multiple functions, and it is an important organization to carry out rural mutual-aid elderly services. Rural elderly association mutual-aid services contain 3 stages, informal mutual, construction of elderly association and mutual-aid volunteer team, operating elderly facilities, which according to the dominant system logic can be divided into mutual logic dominant, administrative logic dominant, market logic dominant, professional logic dominant, and so on. Elderly associations in different regions interact with the logic of multiple systems through two-way absorption, negotiation,and competition, with the results including strengthening, retreat, and weakening. In general, in order to achieve sustainable development, it is inseparable from the dependence on and strengthening of mutual aid logic.
High-quality development is of core concern in developing China’s social assistance in the new era. Based on a three-dimensional investigation of policy paradigm shifts, it is found that the construction of social assistance policy can be divided into four stages, including the initial stage, the three-dimensional transformation stage, the vertical quantitative development stage, and the horizontal standardized development stage. Patterns of general development can be summarized in three dimensions respectively: in the internal dimension is the innovation and optimization of policy tools, and in the horizontal dimension is the coordinating relationship with relevant policies, in the vertical dimension is the consistency with the upper-level policy. Based on the internal development path, as well as the requirements of horizontal and vertical developments, high-quality development contains the connotation of three-dimensional social assistance paradigm changes in the future.
我国的社会组织在改革开放尤其是在党的十八大之后高速发展，但发展不平衡不充分的问题仍然比较突出。地方性社会组织的发展水平很大程度上取决于地方政府所提供的制度性激励约束和机会结构，而地方政府的制度生产是在特定治理逻辑支配下的治理行为，地方政府在社会组织领域的治理逻辑分化为强发展逻辑、强控制逻辑和均衡逻辑。在不同治理逻辑的支配下，地方政府的制度生产在目标定位、类型偏好与策略选择等方面存在显著的差异，由此形成具有不同结构性特征的地方性制度体系，从而为社会组织发展提供了不同的制度性激励和约束。因此，社会治理共同体的建设要求地方政府更新治理理念，积极、主动地根据地方社会经济发展的需求进行制度生产，促进社会组织平衡发展与充分发展。
家庭结构沿着现代化发展的轨迹出现了变迁，更加趋向小型化与核心化。核心家庭在面对儿童照顾资源不足的情况时，选择回归主干家庭的形式，组建合作育儿型临时主干家庭。其形成的社会基础是现代化与市场化中的竞争压力、传统家庭文化责任伦理的延续与变迁以及儿童照顾制度的不完善。在个体化社会中，传统规范的解构与重构推动个体注重自身的利益，代际之间通过协商不同主体的利益，整合资源与调整结构以满足家庭需求，由此推动了这一家庭形式的形成，其逻辑是家庭发展目标与亲密情感关系的双重需要。
Family eldercare beds are among the important achievements of China’s reform in family and community eldercare services. However, there are limited academic studies on family eldercare beds. Based on policies and the sample survey data, this study explored the total picture of the development status quo of China’s family eldercare beds and demand characteristics. The authors found that after going through the start-up and steady development phase, family eldercare beds had entered a full-scale development stage since 2021. The civil affairs departments played a leading role in the intensive introduction of policies, and all major cities accelerated their exploration and practice, with five main service areas standing out, namely, daily care, personal care, rehabilitation nursing, medical care, and spiritual comfort. However, the primary healthcare sectors had not been engaged in the provision of family eldercare beds. There were great hidden demands among urban residents according to the predictive indexes, mainly physiological vulnerabilities, living in central urban areas, relatively high-income levels,and a sense of economic difficulties. This study suggests that we should pay more attention to integrating medical and nursing resources and promoting the standardization of family eldercare beds.
一线社会工作者的写作是社会工作实践本土化发展的重要载体，现有研究对社会工作写作的关注不足。必要的写作、必要但仍不充分的写作、夸大（甚至是虚假）的写作构成了社会工作的写作图景，并非新管理主义和专业异化可以解释。基于“治理情境—专业应对”的分析框架，发现在项目制约束下，社会工作者将碎片化的活动以标准模式书写，不仅是科层制下问责与绩效呈现的层层镶套，也是社会工作机构应对“内卷”的主动选择。此外，规范书写也是展示和证明社会工作者自身专业性，争取专业承认和发展空间的举措。增强书写的主体性和专业自觉，推动社会工作书写发挥连接反思性职业和专业科学之间的建设性作用，是中国社会工作未来发展的重要议题。
近年来，从民政系统设立独立的社会工作部门，到基层社工站建设，再到中央社会工作部的组建，社会工作在党政系统内部的发展受到社会广泛关注。本文从新制度主义视角出发，分析了社会工作作为一种技术性活动的制度化过程。通过对中国社会工作制度化过程的历时性分析发现，社会工作的制度化遵循了合法化、项目化和科层化的演进逻辑。党的二十大报告将“完善社会治理体系”作为国家治理能力现代化和维护社会稳定的重要内容。在实现第二个百年奋斗目标的开始阶段，回顾中国社会工作的制度化历程，对于明确社会工作在社会治理体系中的角色和定位具有重要意义。本文认为，科层化是中国社会工作制度化的必然阶段，从科层化的角度可以更好地理解社会工作的现实状况，从而把握未来的实践方向。
In recent years, silver web celebs have become popular on major online platforms and attracted a lot of social attention. Silver web celebs refer to elderly individuals and groups that show their behaviors, attitudes,and traits through short videos and other forms, which attract the attention of netizens and achieve high popularity.Under the social background of the coexistence of aging and networking, the emergence of silver web celebs has its rationality and inevitability. Overall, silver web celebs bring new opportunities for the positive interaction between the elderly and the external society, within the elderly group and between different generation groups, but in the practice process, they also face challenges such as capital alienation behavior, new risk factors, wrong content guidance, and insufficient sustainable ability. In this regard, we should fully grasp the meaning of positive aging,with an objective, overall, development attitude to the silver web celebs. We should not only encourage and support,but also foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, mobilize the enthusiasm of multiple subjects such as the government, the market, society, families and silver web celebs themselves, to jointly break the situation and meet the challenges.
儿童友好家庭指标体系的构建是创建儿童友好家庭的重要前提。本文在以定性和定量方法收集儿童自身意见的基础上，通过Delphi法，并经过五轮专家意见咨询，构建了包含3个一级指标、9个二级指标、42个三级指标的儿童友好家庭指标体系。指标体系的构建以儿童的基本权利为基础，以非暴力、不忽视为基本定位，充分考虑到儿童在不同生命周期需求的差异，包含了家庭环境创设、儿童—环境互动，以及儿童状态等三方面内容，旨在使其成为《未成年人保护法》和《家庭教育促进法》落地后，在家庭教育促进中自我指导的指南，并成为推动家庭友好社会支持政策制定和预防性干预项目实施的参考。
2022年7月，中国社会科学出版社出版了由马克·罗兰特·兰克（Mark Rank）主编，郭申阳教授、彭瑾教授和付琳赟博士生共同翻译的《迈向宜居生活：社会工作的21世纪议程》一书。首先感谢郭申阳老师的赠书，让我能够在第一时间阅读这一本美国社会工作研究者和教育者思考专业未来的新著作。
As a theoretical concept derived from social interaction, social participation of the elderly originated in Western society, which is usually regarded as a powerful analytical perspective rather than a conclusive operational concept. In the Chinese context, the social participation of the elderly is based on the national strategy of actively coping with population aging. Under the guidance of active aging, the conceptual category is integrated,the conceptual level is panoramic, and the conceptual content is expanded to multiple dimensions. The participation of the elderly in China has been refined from a broad conceptual consensus to a clear policy discourse system. After more than four decades of policy formulating, exploration, and practice, it is of distinctive Chinese characters in the new era. Whether it is the re-establishment of the subjectivity of the elderly or the dual meaning of integrating into society and participating in construction, the participation of the elderly society in China is committed to shaping the intergenerational community in order to eliminate the complex tension of the elderly society and inject the social power of the whole population and the whole life cycle into it.
