The years preceding the Second World War, as well as those unfolding during the conflict, were marked by Nazi Germany's espionage operations in Latin America. This study examines how the Southern Cone countries - used as strategic nodes in German operations -, responded to the Nazi threat. The theoretical framework draws on Kenneth Waltz's Defensive Realism, particularly its emphasis on the security dilemma amid competing attempts to control the region strategically. Methodologically, employing a deductive approach, the article seeks to confirm the hypothesis that the Nazi threat was instrumentalized during the Second World War to justify and intensify U.S. alignment policies, which in turn shaped regional political dynamics in the Southern Cone. The findings indicate the adoption of repressive security measures by states in the region as a reflection of U.S. intervention against the diffusion of Nazi ideology, which endangered U.S. efforts to establish a model of shared hemispheric security.
There are few written sources that tell about women's stories in older times, and they are still scarce today. In Art we have a number of more significant female appearances that allow us to problematize certain themes, such as violence against women. Violence against women is a historical constant and can be traced over many millennia. Based on the painting by French artist Nicolas Poussin, The abduction of Sabine Women from 1633/34, we can conceive, taking into account the Warburgian theory, an abduction plank. The works present in the plank are, above all, works from the Renaissance from the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, for the most part, and all are based on Greco-Roman narratives of myths or poems and historical texts, such as Livy. Through image analysis, seeking to establish relationships between the multiple temporalities that images are capable of evoking and their creative contexts, we propose a reflection on the historical narratives that involve ancient Roman women and the permanence of the pathos of the abduction, weaving new possibilities of thinking about these images through the theme of a History of Women and Art. The central objective of this work is to think about the forms of violence that manifest themselves in the abduction and presentation of these violated female bodies in Art and the way in which we can problematize the History of Women in different temporalities.
This article addresses the theme of the Graduation Ceremonies at Universities, exploring the reality of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), working with concepts and elements that make up this event, the professional and emotional meaning for those who complete graduation and the meaning for the Institution that delivers these professionals to society, showing that this rite of passage is undeniably important in their lives, being part of the memory of both parties. It highlights the fundamental role that memory plays in the lives of human beings and organizations, encompassing individual and collective memories, with special attention to institutional memory, and revives the debate on the importance of documentary records as memory spaces for individuals, organizations and of society in order to preserve history and its cultural heritage.
Throughout the 20th century, several revolutionary leaders claimed the theories of the German philosopher Karl Marx regarding communism, in order to support actions supposedly aimed at suppressing bourgeois society and capitalism, in favor of the emergence of a new form of organizing a classless society, regulated by workers and, to a certain extent, guided by principles of social justice. However, in relation to such Marxist theories, what they implemented, in practice, was the organization of societies marked by dystopian thinking. In this sense, it is not by chance that while the theory came to be described as scientific socialism, the distortions of its practices were admitted as real socialism. However, since the historical, political, economic and social singularities of each of the socialist revolutions that broke out in the 20th century cannot be neglected, in this text I will seek to emphasize, in addition to Marxist theory as a utopia, some approaches inherent to Russian real socialism, of in order to highlight its dystopian vocation in relation to the theory itself.
Introduction. Diversification of vocational education, in particular musical, contributes to various factors: political, economic, demographic, etc. One of the socio-economic factors include the processes of urbanization. The study and use of the historical experience of diversification of domestic vocational education in the Soviet period in the conditions of urbanization can contribute to the development of an effective state strategy for the development of a system of training musicians-specialists at the present stage. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of diversification of musical education in the Ulyanovsk region in the conditions of domestic urbanization of the 1950s-1980s. Material and research methods. The study made an attempt to give more complete coverage of the works of domestic scientists dedicated to the history of domestic urbanization and the history of domestic musical professional education. This work was carried out using scientific methods characteristic of historical research: narrative, historical-genetic, comparative, typological, structural, systemic. The results of the study. The article analyzes the features of the diversification of musical professional education in the Ulyanovsk region in the 50s-80s of the XX century in the context of domestic urbanization. The work proven the fact that as a result of industrial and economic development, increase the population, development of education, culture and education, the need for qualified specialists of the musical profile has increased in the region. The satisfaction of this request became possible with the emergence of a two-level personnel training system and diversification of the content of musical education. Conclusions. The results of the study can be the basis for further studying the problem of the development of a system of domestic professional musical education in the context of urbanization, which can contribute to the development of an effective state strategy to improve this system in the Russian Federation in the 21st century.
The Province of Santa Catarina was involved in the Farroupilha Civil War, led by its neighboring province, Rio Grande de S & atilde;o Pedro, between the years 1835 and 1845. Regarding the territory of Santa Catarina, historiography has emphasized the years 1838 and 1839, during which the Farroupilhas conquered Lages and Laguna. However, it is important to analyze the broader context of the war and its effects on the province. Despite Brazil's political independence in 1822, collective identities still lacked a sense of nationality, favoring provincial regionalisms. This posed a threat to the formation of the Brazilian nation-state, which could only succeed by suppressing local revolts in the first half of the 19th century. Furthermore, the expansionism of the Farroupilha movement may not have been solely aimed at acquiring river ports, but could also have sought to unite with other independent provinces to form a possible confederation. The founding of the Juliana Republic in 1839 illustrates this aspect. Therefore, the Province of Santa Catarina was also part of the Platine border space and contributed to strengthening the ties between the people of Rio Grande do Sul and the R & iacute;o de la Plata region during the Farroupilha Civil War.
In Brazil, domestic employment is the profession that most employs women, most of whom are black and are related to low qualifications, reduced wages, long working hours and little or almost no labor rights, for many women the only alternative employment. In the city of Crici & uacute;ma in 2010, according to the census carried out by the IBGE, there was a contingent of 4,416 domestic workers, of which 94.5% were women. In recent years, rights previously granted only to CLT workers have been extended to domestic workers. Thus, this research aimed to give greater visibility to domestic work in Crici & uacute;ma in the first decade of the 21st century. We sought to identify who were the domestic workers in the city of Crici & uacute;ma and whether they were organized in an association or union.
Food is an unusual cultural manifestation, however, through it we can understand different aspects of people. The main objective of this work is to analyze how gastronomy present in the works Ana Terra and A Mesa Voadora represents the Sul-riograndense people. For this, the following procedures were employed: bibliographic review and content analysis, with a qualitative approach. The analysis showed that gastronomy is very present in literary works and represents the South Grande subject in its geographical spaces and historical times, which is achieved through descriptions of food preparations, commensality, traditions and customs. We conclude that, based on the social, cultural and economic relationships we have with food and gastronomy, we build our food identities.
This article investigates the expedition undertaken by the Imperial Marine to San Blas Bay, Patagonia, in October 1827, in the context of the Cisplatina War. By means of a detailed analysis of Brazilian and Argentine primary sources, an in-depth study of the motivations, events and consequences of the operation. The investigation reveals that the catastrophic shipwrecks of the Corvette Macei & oacute; and the Brigue Independ & ecirc;ncia ou Morte have destroyed the banks of the area in that region, as a direct result of the absence of trusted pilots, associated with critical planning failures. It also provides rigorous historical reconstruction, and the article highlights the notable archaeological potential of the area. The precise historical references of the commanders, corroborated by recent discoveries of shipwrecked remains with imperial remains, establish a vital interconnection between the historical narrative and the possibility of future maritime archaeological discoveries, offering crucial subsidies for the understanding of this episode and for new relevant interdisciplinary investigations In the naval history of two countries involved in war.
This article focuses on an associative space in the municipality of Alegrete, the Clube Uni & atilde;o Oper & aacute;ria, an entity founded in 1925. This research seeks to understand the different meanings and actions of black workers from Alegrete in the foundation, construction, and formation of the club. Based on the cross-referencing of several historical sources, such as notarial and parish documents, press, photographs, minute books, and club members, it was possible to perceive the associative experience of black workers and their families, reconstructing trajectories and social experiences in the social space of the Clube Uni & atilde;o Oper & aacute;ria. With this research, I demonstrate that through the club, black people sought a space for leisure and sociability for their families, but also sought recognition and social and political visibility. The conclusion is that the club projected black families into Alegrete, becoming an icon and stronghold of black identity and culture in the municipality.
This article aims to analyze Argentina's ties to Nazifascism from a historiographical reflection on the subject. The country's relationship with the Nazi regime, both during World War II and in the post-war period, was - and still is - the subject of extensive debates in the academic sphere, in which there are different interpretations about the degree of penetration of nazifascist ideals in Argentine politics and society. Through a reflection on some of the main works produced on the subject, this proposal for reflection is structured from the categorization of publications according to the historical and political context in which they were elaborated, thus carrying out a historiographical analysis that goes beyond the understanding of the content of the works and complexifying often simplistic interpretations presented about the aforementioned political context.
Understanding the history of Porto Novo and its people aims to understand the present. We consult documents, which we are reading now, we talk and listen to life stories, of lives that exist now, with a perspective and understanding of now, since we are effectively now, almost 100 years later. All history happens in the change around something that is preserved. As historians we want to know and understand how a human being and his environment have changed and change together and in a congruent way. In the present we are masters in telling stories and shaping stories and, in doing so, we reveal how they shape us. Our goal is to establish the relevance of further immersions into the dense and extensive existence, 100 years of Porto Novo. To challenge ourselves to trigger more writings, to sensitize more readers, aiming to bring us ever closer to the concrete existence of our individualities and as collectivities... it is certain that there is a fact, a temporal landmark, establishing that Porto Novo began in 1926. In the desire to (co)memorate its 100 years, we have as a premise that Porto Novo continues to exist, because something has been preserved inviting us to question: what was it that actually happened and was preserved, since 1926, on the Santa Catarina banks of the Uruguay River, giving us the right to (co)memorate its centenary, aware of the gigantic changes that have occurred in these 100 years?
The following text examines how the political situation in Argentina during the middle of the 20th century, during the Dirty War, influences the literary proposals. This essay is focused specifically on two novels that are derived from the political phenomena; A) The "Pesquisa" by Juan Jos & eacute; Saer B) The "viudas de los Jueves" by Claudia Pi & ntilde;eiro. The first novel details about how crimes were committed during this period of dictatorships; meanwhile, the second delves into how the Argentine economy was deteriorating little by little and the effects of that for the population during this time.The article, among other considerations, introduces the political situation in the first instance, then details how both writers developed their life and career as writers. Then what was their relationship with Argentina during those years.The writing also attempts to categorize how both narrative proposals are inserted into the middle of the Latin American narrative that was so important for the world at that time. Though there are differences in style and techniques between both novels, which, despite representing a peculiar style, their similarities and differences can be recognized, without carrying out an exhaustive literary analysis, but outlining some points that make them special, for example: the psychological and anthropological sides. The text carries out a holistic analysis, and manages to cover several elements, not only the literary one; therefore, it tries to place both proposals in the Corpus of Novels of Hispanic American Narrative.
This article focuses on social learning and its relevance as a strategy for large-scale collective action in the context of transitions towards "eco-cultural sustainability". It also shows how this approach has been adapted to a real experience of territorial transition in South America: the case of the Centre for SocioEnvironmental Knowledge and Care in the River Plate Basin (CSCS). The CSCS can be considered an unprecedented social learning initiative that is bioregional (La Plata Basin, five countries); multisectoral (government, civil society, academia, media); and multilevel (global-local). The state of the art on the CSCS is presented, explaining the theoretical and methodological conceptions of this platform, which had water as its integrating theme, Latin American thought as its conceptual framework, environmental education as a social mobiliser, and the collective construction of knowledge as an organizational tactics.
