Corruption crimes generate complex and far-reaching effects on the functioning of institutions, affecting not only administrative efficiency, but also social cohesion and economic stability. In the public sector, such acts undermine the integrity of decision-making processes and compromise the transparency, objectivity and accountability of the administrative act. As a result, financial and material resources may be allocated inefficiently or in a biased manner, institutional priorities are distorted, and essential public projects may be delayed or directly compromised. These effects lead to a decrease in citizens’ trust in state institutions, affect the perception of the fairness of laws and social rules, and can diminish civic participation and the collaboration of communities with authorities. In the private sector, corruption creates an unstable economic environment, characterized by unfair competition, favoritism and defective business practices. Companies that follow the rules are often disadvantaged, while those who resort to corrupt practices can obtain temporary advantages, distorting market mechanisms. This leads to increased operational costs, inefficiency, reputational risks and can negatively affect domestic and foreign investments. In addition, the general economic climate becomes uncertain and volatile, which influences sustainable development and long-term social stability.
The electronic sports (e-Sports) industry is a professional sector of video gaming in which players, teams, and organizations compete according to defined rules, prize pools, and a commercial infrastructure analogous to traditional sports. Its significance derives from multiple interrelated factors influencing society, the economy, and technology, including the rapid expansion of the digital entertainment industry, its substantial economic, cultural, and social impact, technological innovations, professionalization of competitive gaming, and the global accessibility and democratization of sports. This paper examines the development, communication strategies, business models, and core financial mechanisms of the e-Sports industry, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its distinctive characteristics. Over the past few decades, e-Sports has evolved from amateur arcade tournaments into a global industry that attracts millions of spectators, professional players, and investors worldwide. This growth has been driven by technological innovations, the expansion of the digital economy, the proliferation of the Internet, the emergence of streaming platforms, as well as the professionalization of teams and leagues. Public relations (PR) in e-Sports are defined by unique characteristics stemming from its digital nature, the rapid flow of information, a young and digitally literate...
Cet article propose une analyse de la migration subsaharienne sous l’effet des politiques migratoires européennes en s’intéressant au partenariat entre l’Union européenne et le Maroc sur la période 2015-2025. En mobilisant une approche qualitative s’appuyant sur l’analyse documentaire, l’étude interroge les instruments mobilisés par l’Union européenne pour mettre en œuvre cette coopération (financements, coopération sécuritaire, politiques de retour) ainsi que les cadrages discursifs (sécuritaire, humanitaire, développement) qui permettent de fonder l’externalisation du contrôle migratoire. Les résultats mettent en lumière le fait que cette coopération participe à déplacer la frontière européenne en amont, renforçant ainsi le rôle du Maroc comme espace de contrôle avancé. L’externalisation ne réduit pas mécaniquement les mobilités, mais sert à reconfigurer les chemins de migration et engendrer une immobilisation relative des migrants subsahariens au Maroc. Dans le même temps, cette dynamique s’accompagne d’une précarisation liée à des vulnérabilités sociales et juridiques, notamment en matière d’accès aux droits et de protection. L’article fait ressortir comme une tension structurant le discours partenarial des Européens et les effets concrets d’un dispositif de sécurisation des migrations
يسعى هذا البحث إلى دراسة دور الفن العراقي من خلال منظور نظرية التواصل عند يورغن هابرماس، حيث يُعتبر الفن وسيلة للتفاعل الاجتماعي وأداة للتفاهم الجماعي. يعتمد البحث على المنهج التحليلي الوصفي لتحليل النتاج الفني العراقي، مع التركيز على مفاهيم الفضاء العمومي، الفعل التواصلي، والعقلانية التداولية التي طرحها هابرماس. يسلط البحث الضوء على تطور الفن العراقي، بدءًا من الفنون السومرية والبابلية وصولًا إلى الفنون المعاصرة، وكيفية تجسيد الأعمال الفنية للتجارب الاجتماعية والسياسية في العراق. كما يتناول تأثير الفن على بناء الوعي الاجتماعي وتعزيز النقاش العام، إذ يهدف البحث إلى استكشاف كيفية مساهمة الفن العراقي في خلق فضاء عمومي نقدي وفقًا لنظرية هابرماس، ومدى قدرة الأعمال الفنية على تغيير الوعي الجمعي عبر عمليات التواصل والتأويل. يخلص البحث إلى أن الفن العراقي يتجاوز كونه مجرد انعكاس للحالة الاجتماعية والسياسية؛ بل يُعد أداة تواصلية فعّالة تسهم في إعادة تشكيل الفضاء العمومي عبر إثارة النقاش حول قضايا مجتمعية جوهرية، مما يعزز الهوية الثقافية العراقية ويوثق الحوار النقدي المستمر. كما ويستنتج البحث أن الفن العراقي يمثل وسيلة فعّالة للتفاعل بين الأفراد والمجتمعات، ويعزز الحوار بين الفئات الاجتماعية المختلفة. كما يعكس الفن الصراعات الداخلية ويسهم في تفعيل النقاش حول قضايا الهوية والمواطنة، بالإضافة إلى بناء جسور تواصل بين الأجيال ونقل التجارب الجماعية والذكريات التاريخية. يُسهم الفن في تجاوز الانقسامات العرقية ويعزز الحوار بين الأطياف الاجتماعية المختلفة، مما يساعد في بناء مشروع ثقافي اجتماعي قائم على التفاهم المتبادل. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يسلط الفن الضوء على التحديات السياسية والاجتماعية في العراق، ويقدم رؤى نقدية تتجاوز الأنظمة السائدة، مع تعزيز التفاعل الإبداعي من خلال اللغة البصرية والتعبيرية، وتتمثل اهم توصياته بدعم المبادرات الفنية التي تعزز التواصل بين الفئات المجتمعية، وتشجيع الفنانين على استخدام الفن كأداة للنقاش حول الهوية والمواطنة، وتفعيل الحوار بين المكونات الثقافية المختلفة
This paper analyzes multiculturalism as the dominant theoretical and practical model for managing cultural differences in contemporary societies, and interculturalism as its critique and possible alternative. Starting from the fact that contemporary societies are characterized by pronounced cultural diversity, the paper outlines the basic premises of multiculturalism, with particular emphasis on issues of identity, minority rights, and the relationship between individual and collective rights. It further examines the main criticisms of multiculturalism, especially those related to its tendency toward passive coexistence of cultures, the lack of genuine interaction, and its limited capacity to overcome social inequalities and conflicts. It is noted that multiculturalism, although significant as a normative framework for the recognition of diversity, has a limited scope in practice, and the focus is placed on the concept of interculturalism. The basis of interculturalism is dialogue, exchange, and the permeation of cultures, which strengthen social cohesion and foster mutual understanding between different cultural groups. It is concluded that interculturalism is a more dynamic, functional, and suitable model for contemporary societies, especially in the context of globalization and intense identity transformations.
تتناول هذه المقالة خطاب أبراهام فليكسنر الشهير الذي ألقي سنة 1915 بعنوان «هل العمل الاجتماعي مهنة؟»، حيث يقدم فيه تحليلاً نقديًا للمكانة المهنية للعمل الاجتماعي آنذاك. يرى فليكسنر أن العمل الاجتماعي لا يستوفي مع الأسف بعد عدد من المعايير المهنية، رغم الطابع الفكري والإنساني الذي يتميز به. وذلك بسبب غياب مناهج محددة واضحة الغاية، إلى جانب افتقار لأهداف دقيقة، وقاعدة معرفية منظمة. كما يصف العمل الاجتماعي ويعتبره نشاطًا وسيطًا ينسق بين تدخلات مهن قائمة مثل الطب والقانون والتعليم، بدلًا من كونه مهنة مستقلة بحد ذاتها. تضع المقالة أفكار فليكسنر في سياقها التاريخي ضمن العصر التقدمي، الذي شهد تحولات اجتماعية واقتصادية عميقة في الولايات المتحدة، وتبرز كيف أن اتساع نطاق العمل الاجتماعي وتنوع مجالاته حدّا، من وجهة نظر فليكسنر، من قدرته على تطوير خبرة مهنية مماثلة للمهن الأخرى. كما يؤكد على أهمية المنهج العلمي، والتعليم المهني، والتوثيق المنهجي كعناصر أساسية لتحقيق الاحتراف والمهنية. يعترف فليكسنر في المقابل، بقوة البعد الأخلاقي والإنساني للعمل الاجتماعي، مشيرًا إلى أن شرعيته قد تستند بدرجة أكبر إلى رسالته الإنسانية لا إلى المعايير المهنية الشكلية. وتبرز المقالة خصوصا التأثير المستمر لأفكاره على النقاشات المتعلقة بهوية العمل الاجتماعي وتطوره كمهنة
This article analyzes the energy and ecological efficiency of natural materials in modern interior design and brings back into discussion the solutions for their implementation in past periods. The research is developed by the method of analysis, information synthesis, deduction and comparison, which creates new premises for the development and evolution of sustainable interior design. The results of the study consist in cataloging data and indices of optimal ecological materials for energy efficiency of spaces and including in the scientific circuit information about the benefits of using clay or clay products for finishing works in contemporary interior design. The results of the study provide an insight into the most effective practices in the use of eco materials for sustainable interior design, with a discrete presentation of concrete historical data on past building experiences. The practical significance of the study is argued by the benefits and advantages offered by local ecological materials in the field of construction and interior design, with the presentation of past experiences and prospects for future implementation as an optimal solution for improving the eco natural system and human living.
This paper investigates the theoretical foundations and practical ramifications of decolonial philosophy, focussing specifically on the dynamic sociopolitical and cultural terrain of Morocco. The paper presents the Decolonial Alternative as a significant response to the persistent influence of colonialism inside global knowledge frameworks, institutions, and social hierarchies, employing key concepts such as "coloniality of power" and "coloniality reimagined." This viewpoint examines the ways in which epistemic resistance and the creation of alternative knowledge challenge Eurocentric frameworks of modernity, rationality, and progress. Morocco is analysed as a dynamic case study where decolonial aspirations manifest through historical revisionism, cultural resurgence, environmental justice movements, and progressive educational reforms. The primary focus is on the revalorization of indigenous languages, specifically Tamazight and Darija, within the framework of a thorough linguistic decolonisation, in the face of the ongoing marginalisation of Amazigh populations. The paper also looks at how Moroccan literature, from writers who fought against colonialism to modern voices, can be used as a way to fight back and rebuild identity. The study situates Morocco's decolonial endeavours within the larger movement to decolonise Arab academia, contest Western epistemic dominance, and promote the recognition and integration of indigenous knowledge systems. The study posits that decolonisation is a continuous, complex process focused on dismantling colonial structures, broadening epistemological perspectives, and cultivating more inclusive and equitable futures through an intersectional decolonial framework
In the context of globalization and rapid technological advancement, English language proficiency has become a prerequisite for academic and professional success in technical fields, particularly as students often encounter difficulties when transitioning from General English (GE) to Technical English (TE). This study aims to identify the main challenges associated with this transition, analyze effective pedagogical strategies, and provide evidence-based recommendations for improving technical communication proficiency, based on the assumption that integrating structured English for Specific Purposes (ESP) modules, practical exercises, and digital tools facilitates the acquisition of TE competencies. The research employs a methodology combining curriculum analysis, student surveys, and performance assessments, with data analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to determine measurable improvements in comprehension, writing, and oral communication skills. The findings indicate that targeted ESP instruction, task-based learning, and technological integration significantly enhance both linguistic and cognitive competencies, leading to improved understanding of technical texts, greater accuracy in technical writing, and increased confidence in professional communication. The study concludes that a welldesigned ESP framework bridging GE and TE, supported by curriculum adaptation, practical learning, and digital resources, effectively prepares students for modern technical professions, with practical implications for curriculum design, teaching methodology, and student employability.
This comparative bibliometric study examines the visibility of scientific publications by authors from the Republic of Moldova between 2008 and 2024. Utilising three complementary data sources – Web of Science, Scopus, and the National Bibliometric Instrument – the analysis assesses temporal trends, document types, linguistic and disciplinary distributions, and the effects of accreditation and indexing policies on publication patterns. The results reveal a dual model of visibility: Web of Science and Scopus capture an internationalised segment dominated by English-language journal articles in the exact sciences and engineering, while the National Bibliometric Instrument reflects an exhaustive national corpus with a prominent role for conference proceedings, publications in Romanian and Russian, and strong representation of social sciences and humanities. Regulatory reforms and accreditation processes since 2013-2016 have contributed to editorial professionalisation and a typological shift in the National Bibliometric Instrument towards conference materials. The study highlights the limitations of single-source evaluations and argues for the integrated use of international and national bibliometric infrastructures to achieve a balanced assessment of research performance. Implications for policy, editorial practices, and future research, including cohort citation analyses and the role of persistent identifiers, are discussed.
Energy security is most commonly defined through the prism of a state's energy dependence. In practice, it represents the actual relationship between energy demand and a state’s capacity to either produce that energy domestically or secure it through imports. The strategic goal of any state is to achieve the highest possible degree of energy independence. Geopolitical risks arising from great power competition have shifted the understanding of energy security for energy-dependent nations. The war in Ukraine has triggered numerous changes in the international system, with the most significant challenges spilling over into the energy sector. The energy sector of the Republic of Serbia has been directly affected by these risks. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the primary geopolitical risks to the energy security of the Republic of Serbia, considering the country's specificities regarding its energy balance, energy needs, and its approach to maintaining supply stability and reducing system vulnerability. The authors propose a combination of short-term and long-term strategies as the most effective framework for preserving the energy security of the Republic of Serbia. Short-term strategies must include the optimization of logistical flows, efficient management of strategic reserves, and flexible procurement contracts to ensure system resilience against external shocks...
This article examines football supporters’ social representations of coach travel, comparing ultras and regular fans. Collective supporter travel has become a salient issue in contemporary football governance, as public authorities frequently restrict or ban such trips due to concerns related to public order, alcohol consumption, and supporter behaviour. Despite the centrality of these measures, the meanings attributed to coach travel by supporters themselves remain insufficiently explored. Data were collected through an online questionnaire administered to 135 football supporters, including 76 ultras and 59 regular fans. The study combines a characterisation questionnaire with a calling-into-question test in order to identify the central and peripheral elements structuring supporters’ representations. Overall, coach travel is primarily associated with positive meanings related to collective identity, solidarity, and shared experience. However, differences emerge between ultras and regular supporters. Ultras tend to conceptualise coach travel as a strong identity-based and festive practice, where the journey itself is meaningful reinforcing group cohesion beyond the match itself. In contrast, regular fans primarily view coach travel as a practical means of attending matches, with a weaker symbolic dimension. These differences reflect distinct forms of commitment and highlight the heterogeneity of supporter subcultures in football
تستعرض هذه الدراسة البحثية الدور المتنامي لوسائط التواصل الاجتماعي في إعادة تشكيل المجالين السياسي والمدني في دولة قطر، في ظل التحولات الرقمية المتسارعة التي تشهدها البلاد. تعتمد الدراسة على تحليل كيفية توظيف المنصات الرقمية في تعزيز المشاركة السياسية، وتوسيع نطاق الحراك المدني، ودعم الحوار المجتمعي داخل الإطار القطري الخاص، الذي يتسم بانفتاح تكنولوجي متزايد وبنية تحتية رقمية متطورة. كما تناقش الورقة الأثر المتبادل بين تطور التكنولوجيا الرقمية وتغير ديناميكيات الفضاء السياسي والمدني، مع التركيز على آليات بناء وتعزيز المجالين في سياق التفاعل المجتمعي الرقمي الحديث، مع إبراز الفرص والتحديات التي تواجهها قطر في هذا المجال
India is right now going through an exciting phase of the entrepreneurial drive where first-generation entrepreneurs are creating startups that are solving issues and challenges faced by customers and creating wealth for themselves. India right now has the third largest number of startups in the World right after USA and China. In a parallel development, we have also seen the meteoric rise of digital marketing which offers to run targeted marketing campaigns that deliver outcomes at optimum costs. Many startups are using digital marketing tools and technologies for business promotions, while many others are refraining from using digital marketing. This research paper explores digital marketing adoption by startups using the SOR theory. We have used constructs like hedonic values, utilitarian values and environmental stimuli that act either as facilitators or inhibitors to encourage or discourage digital marketing adoption by startups. Our major findings are that environmental stimuli act as a strong facilitator in encouraging the adoption of digital marketing by startups while utilitarian values act as a strong inhibitor in dissuading the adoption of digital marketing. The findings are significant as they will help the policymakers, regulators, incubators, accelerators, venture capitalists and startup promotion councils to understand how startup companies...
Misinformation has become a common news pollutant and a vicious malady that many news professionals and media scholars have become wary of in this digital age. Beyond its likelihood to destroy the validity of any information, it has also been noted to damage the credibility and integrity of any media house found culpable of disseminating misinformation and other information misnomers. This work tried to synthesize existing research to develop its conceptual framework. The gatekeeping theory guided this. The review adopted more of the exploratory and systematic techniques to provide logical discussions under relevant headings. Studies and related works on social media misinformation, disinformation, malinformation, fake news, information disorder fact checking, digital fact checking, and gate keeping were carefully identified primarily through online data base, using Google search, research gates, and works on other academic repositories like Scopus and Google Scholar. Since this work relied on secondary data in explaining how digital fact-checkers can limit the erosion of adulterated news materials and other information pollutants in the media space, to ensure trust, credibility and highly effective digital gatekeeping process in today’s media production, ample evidences were provided on the need for a hybrid newsroom operation in order to effectively combat misinformation and other disorders
This article examines the essence, tasks, and purpose of identification proceedings as a distinct evidentiary procedure in criminal procedure law. Employing doctrinal, comparative, and logical-analytical methods, the study investigates the legal nature of identification proceedings, their structural elements, and their role in establishing evidentiary truth. Special attention is given to procedural safeguards designed to prevent miscarriages of justice caused by erroneous identifications. The article identifies key deficiencies in the legal regulation and judicial application of this investigative action and proposes concrete recommendations for strengthening procedural guarantees in accordance with the principles of legality, adversariality, and the protection of participants' rights. The findings contribute to clarifying the theoretical framework governing identification proceedings and offer practical guidance for criminal investigation bodies and courts. The study advances scholarship in criminal procedural law by providing a systematic analysis of an underexplored evidentiary mechanism with significant implications for fair trial standards.
This study focuses on Article 12 paragraph (1) letter g of Law No. 4-2024, Indonesia. This article states that "every mother and father has the obligation to instill religious values, faith in God Almighty, and good character in their children." The essence of the obligation of every mother and father, while a natural obligation, is not part of the state's obligation to regulate because it would violate the natural rights of children. This study uses normative research but in its elaboration it still relies on the belief in what is right. Normative research asks questions that are relevant to the development and implementation of legislation. The natural rights in Article 12 paragraph (1) letter g are not in accordance with the teachings of Montesquieu because the state has made them a norm and they are not in line with the origins of their formation. The state was formed because society was unable to fulfill its natural desires due to a lack of facilities. Even if there were no facilities, mothers and fathers would refer to Article 12 paragraph (1) letter g of Law No. 4-2024 and would try to instill religious values, faith in God, and good character in their children.
The modern approach to measuring business performance is based on monitoring a set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) comprising financial, non-financial, and product or service quality performance. Non-financial and service quality performances are particularly significant for public health organizations operating in the non-profit sector, where profit is not the primary measure of success. To improve the quality of healthcare services and measure performance within the public health sector, various assessment models and mechanisms are utilized, including healthcare accreditation. Monitoring healthcare quality indicators, as well as evaluating patient and employee satisfaction, is conducted as a mandatory activity to enhance the quality of delivered healthcare services. The aim of this paper is to present the prevalence of healthcare accreditation and its impact on patient and employee satisfaction as selected performance management indicators in the public health sector. The research methodology involves a quantitative, secondary analysis of publicly available data based on accreditation records of healthcare institutions in the Republic of Serbia for the period 2011-2025, and a statistical analysis of patient and employee satisfaction data in public healthcare institutions in the city of Belgrade for the period 2011-2023. The results and conclusions may have practical significance for the healthcare system...
In the contemporary era of digital transformation, the field of social sciences is encountering novel dynamics that are fundamentally reshaping the manner in which knowledge is interacted with, produced, and circulated. In this context, sociology is required to reconsider its theoretical and methodological frameworks in order to enhance its capacity to comprehend social change in digital environments. This article explores the ways in which digital technology is contributing to the redefining of objects of study, research methods and disciplinary boundaries in contemporary sociology. In order to address the aforementioned issues, the present study has been conducted through the medium of a survey of sociology researchers from various countries. The survey was distributed through academic and professional networks. The study is based on a non-probabilistic convenience sample and adopts an exploratory approach. The survey design is structured around three main themes: firstly, the impact of digital technology on the social world ; secondly, the emergence of new social phenomena in virtual environments; and thirdly, the theoretical and methodological challenges these transformations pose for contemporary sociology. It is imperative to note that particular attention is also given to the ethical issues that are intrinsically linked to the utilisation of digital data and artificial intelligence in research
Consumer loyalty is one of the basic elements on which the success of retail chains in modern markets is based. Brands are one of the ways that retail companies use to strengthen customer loyalty. The subject of the research carried out is the analysis of the relationship that consumers of different ages have with private labels and the use of this relationship to create and strengthen their loyalty towards given retail chains. Emphasis in the research is placed on the role that consumers' age has on their attitude towards private labels. The research aims to demonstrate the extent to which private labels can represent a source of loyalty among different consumer groups towards retail chains. The results of the research, which was conducted on a sample of 311 respondents, indicate that the attitude consumers have towards private labels has a significant impact on their loyalty towards the retail chains that own them. Respondents aged 46 to 65 have the most positive attitude towards private labels. The highest level of loyalty towards retail chains, based on the relationship people have with their private labels, is expressed by those over 65 years old.
