Background: The Double Roundhouse Kick (DRK) is one of the major scoring tools and athletes employ the leg of the dominant side (DS) or the non-dominant side (NS) for always attacking in an alternating state. The purpose is to examine the discrepancies in the biomechanical characteristics of the DS and NS of the leg of the DRK skills of sub-elite taekwondo athletes. Methods: Using the Vicon, Kistler, and Daedo brand Electronic Body Protector (EBP), collection of the DRK data (attack time, joint angle, joint angular velocity, joint moment, ground reaction force, etc.) of 12 sub-elite taekwondo athletes (19.6 ± 2.0 yr, 180 ± 7.3 cm, 70 ± 9.8 kg) with the DS leg and NS leg. The measured data analyses via Visual3D, and statistical methods using nonparametric tests paired with samples based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (The significance level is set as significant for P<0.05, and very significant for P<0.01). Results: (i) There is no statistically significant discrepancy between the DS and NS at the time of hit (P>0.05) and shift of the center of gravity (P>0.05). (ii) Attacking leg (AL): the maximum knee flexion angle (Knee-MFA) (P<0.05) and the peak linear velocity of attack of the foot in the vertical hitting direction (P<0.01) on the DS was greater than that on the NS during the first hit phase (P1). (iii) Supporting leg (SL): the peak hip extension moment (P<0.05) on the DS was reported to be higher than that of the NS during the second hit phase (P2). (iv) Symmetry Index (SI): In the P1, the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) of the SL leads to SI = 10.19 %, and in the P2, the vGRF of the SL results in SI = 18.48 %. Conclusions: The DRK requires more and more symmetry between the DS and NS. The Knee-MFA of the AL and the line of attack speed of the foot in the vertical striking direction of the SL exhibited significant discrepancies. The DS has higher striking speed, athletes need to improve the striking speed of the NS leg in training, achieving more scoring opportunities in the game. Both the DS and NS revealed strong symmetry in the peak SI of the ground reaction force of the SL stirrup; however, weak symmetry was attained in the peak SI of the vGRF of the SL landing cushion.
Based on the analysis framework of Ogburn's cultural lag theory and the case study of Y Quanshu(fist)in Fu County of Ningxia,this paper made a field investigation on the crisis of the traditional martial arts and the practice of its improvement.It was found that under the background of modernization transformation,the process of industrialization deconstructed the stable relationship between the traditional martial arts and the rural social structure,and the sense of temporary"loss of domain"led to the decline of the traditional martial arts.However,in the modern existence of Y Quanshu,inheritors made full use of various national policies and realized the cultural expression in the field of"education,socialization and internationalization".According to the research,in the process of modernization,the cultural lagging of the traditional martial arts originated from the asynchronism between the changes of the internal concept and technology and the social development under the external system.The orderly development of Y Quanshu was the result of the parallel type integration of"system,concept and technology".The higher the degree of the parallel type integration between the internal and external elements of the traditional martial arts culture,the smaller the estrangement with the social development and vice versa.Therefore,the modernization of the traditional martial arts needed the coordinated development of the internal and the external factors under the parallel type practice so as to endure.
Sports volunteer service is one of the projects to build China into a sporting nation,and also a part of the Chinese characteristic volunteer service.This study took the integration of sports and education at the grass-roots level volunteer service for sports support education as a case study.The study shows that the strategies of the rural revitalization,building China's strength in education,building healthy China and building a sporting nation are the driving forces for the implementation of volunteer service for sports support education.Secondly,the integration of sports and education at the grassroots level sports volunteer service has formed a practical logic driven by projects,organizations as the main body and content as the core.It has achieved good results in many aspects,such as expressing the good will to promote the healthy growth of the young people,and demonstrating the national capacity to fill the gaps for lack of rural sports resources through good governance in order to achieve the goals of good governance of the country.The basic logic of the sports volunteer service plan consists of action items,action organizations,action content,action effects,and action results,providing fundamental theoretical support for the national and grassroots sports governance.Thirdly,the volunteer service aims to achieve the goals of higher cross departmental administrative efficiency,lower allocation costs of sports professional resources,better national and local multi-level interactive services,and more organizational managers to collaborate in serving the rural youth sports education through the establishment of the national mobilization mechanism,national organizational mechanism,national transformation mechanism,and national development mechanism so as to provide references for further theoretical studies.
Based on the geographical embedding and"off-embedding"theory and the field research of the community sports clubs of Shanghai ZS street,the important functions of geographical community sports on grass-roots social unity and the construction path of grass-roots social unity with geographical community sports as the medium were discussed.The development of industrial and information society led the social members to be increasingly off-embedded from their"nearby"life and established social relations in the broader real world or virtual world,which resulted in the hollowing of the geographical community space,and the geographical community tended to dissociate.With the grass-roots community as the geographical space,geographical community sports became a form of sports participation that was concrete,local,open and life-related.Face-to-face sports participation and interaction among community members could enhance in-depth social communication.Geographical community sports indicated a return to the local life,the construction of an equal,trustworthy and reciprocal relationship within the geographical communication space,and the cultivation of geographical social capital.The development of geographical community sports helped the social members to re-attach importance to their living space nearby,generating the consciousness and emotion of a shared community,constructing a geographical community to enhance the participation of grass-roots society in public affairs and optimizing the governance of grass-roots society.
In the process of Chinese path to modernization,the sports inter-disciplinary integration has undertaken the historical mission of promoting sports science and technology innovation,thus contributing to the building of China into a sporting nation.The study showed that based on the knowledge production mode theory,the sports inter-disciplinary integration process could be divided into four stages:single disciplinary stage,multi-disciplinary stage,cross-disciplinary stage,and trans-disciplinary stage.Moreover,the integration was demonstrated in four aspects:sports sociology and humanities and social sciences,sports education and training science and kinesiology,traditional Chinese sports science and kinesiology,kinesiology and natural sciences.The integration innovation mechanism of sports disciplines was manifested in six aspects:constructing a leading mechanism that served a sporting nation,constructing a sports discipline driving mechanism that was problem oriented,constructing a theoretical oriented empirical research paradigm,constructing a sports discipline organizing mechanism that was trans-disciplinary,constructing a collaborative governance mechanism involving the government,industry,university,research and application,and constructing a diversified and dynamic sports discipline evaluation mechanism.Finally,based on a trans-disciplinary perspective,innovative paradigms for interdisciplinary and integrated research in sports were proposed,a trans-disciplinary thinking pattern in sports was established,a trans-disciplinary integration system in sports was constructed,and a practical path for a tans-disciplinary integration mode was explored.
In the digital age,the communication channels of sports events are diversified and the communication environment has changed,which revolutionizes the interactive relationship between sports commentators and audiences.This paper analyzes the content of the sports event commentary broadcast dominated by internet broadcasting organizations through observation and content analysis.It was found that the communication of sports events in the digital era had changed significantly from that in the era of radio and television in terms of orientation,content,carrier and purpose.The audience became the user,and the interactive relationship between the commentators and the consumers changed from the duality of subject and object to inter-subjectivity.According to the research,based on the current new communication environment,sports event commentators should reposition their relationship with the consumers,pay attention to the subjective value of the consumers,strengthen the comprehensive connection and dialogue with the consumers,and"co-create"commentary content with the consumers.Broadcasting organizations should actively build the scene of the events,optimize the production mode and operation mode,promote the interaction among the multiple subjects including the consumers,the commentators and the organizations themselves,and provide an immersive stage for"co-commentating".
Green and low carbon is an inevitable choice for China's sports goods manufacturing industry to achieve the dual carbon goals and enhance market competitiveness.Utilizing the input-output method to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of China's sports goods manufacturing industry from 2015 to 2021,this paper analyzed the characteristics of the embodied carbon emissions of China's sports goods manufacturing industry.According to the research,the embodied carbon emissions of China's sports goods manufacturing industry showed a characteristic of phased development.The sports equipment manufacturing industry dominated the embodied carbon emissions of China'sports goods manufacturing industry,the carbon emission energy structure of the sports goods manufacturing industry was dominated by coal,and the carbon emissions of the sports goods manufacturing industry mainly concentrated in the production and processing of raw materials and intermediate inputs.It was proposed that carbon reduction objectives and relevant technical standards should be formulated for the sports goods manufacturing industry,the promotion and application of carbon reduction technology should be strengthened,the carbon reduction focus should be placed on the manufacturing of sports equipment,the use of fossil fuels such as coal should be reduced through the research and development of new materials and the recycling of old materials,and the carbon emission information disclosure mechanism should be established for industries and enterprises to achieve the green and sustainable development of China's sports goods manufacturing industry.
The current legislative mode of sports events intellectual property protection in China is decentralized,which is manifested in the decentralization of its legal origins and the dispersion of its protection objects.This mode not only has a large number of legislative loopholes and conflicts,but also would incur high costs due to the legislative limitations and timeliness.The reason is that the decentralized protection mode is contrary to the inherent characteristics of sports events intellectual property.In order to protect the intellectual property of China's sports events,it is necessary to gradually build a centralized legislative system that is compatible with the characteristics of sports events intellectual property.Based on the consideration of realistic factors such as legislative costs and legislative applicability,China should first establish a centralized legislative approach to sports events intellectual property protection and further construct a centralized intellectual property legislative mode for sports events.
This paper explored into the influences of digital integration on physical exercise among the elderly,and the chain mediating role of social support and self-efficacy in this process under the context of aging and digitalization.Correlation analysis,regression analysis,structural equation model and Bootstrap mediation test were used to analyze the questionnaire data of 1 250 elderly people over 60 years old.The result showed that digital integration had a significant positive effect on the physical exercise of the elderly.Social support and self-efficacy played a mediating role in the influence of digital integration on the physical exercise of the elderly.Self-efficacy and social support had a chain mediating effect between digital integration and physical exercise for the elderly.It was held that it was of practical significance to improve the internet prevalence and digital integration of the elderly to expand the social support network,improve self-efficacy and promote physical exercise of the elderly.The results hoped to provide a new perspective for the work layout of aging and the policy of healthy aging in the new era.
When evaluating the Qing Dynasty's policy on prohibiting folk martial arts,previous studies were criticized for their explanatory paradigm of"feudal rulers being afraid of the regime overthrown-prohibiting folk martial arts-hindering of the martial arts",but ignored the other martial arts world implied by the word"Da Xiang"in the martial arts prohibition laws.Clarifying the historical facts behind the word"Da Xiang"was the key to understanding the martial arts prohibition in the Qing Dynasty.On the basis of sorting out the Qing Dynasty's policy on prohibiting the martial arts,the reasons were studied from four aspects:emergence of Da Xiang,martial arts and organization,social harm,rectification and governance.Research suggested that the official intervention of rulers in the Qing Dynasty in folk martial arts began with the issuance of the imperial edict in the fifth year of the Yongzheng reign,and subsequent dynasties followed this policy.The edict originally had no title,and its original intention was to"prohibit Da Xiang",rather than"martial arts prohibition edicts"or"martial arts prohibition orders".The term"Da Xiang"originated in the Jiangnan region in the mid to late Ming Dynasty and was a general term for organizations engaged in violence.Emperor Yongzheng could only be considered as the first ruler in the Qing Dynasty to ban martial arts in the form of the national laws.From the end of the Ming Dynasty to the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,officials in Jiangnan,represented by Hai Rui and Yu Cheng-Long,had already begun to govern Da Xiang.However,the suppression and surrender continued,and in the mid to late Qing Dynasty,they gradually evolved into secret societies,becoming one of the causes of the century long turmoil in the late Qing Dynasty.The academic community should abandon the explanatory paradigm of"feudal rulers fearing subversion of political power-prohibiting folk martial arts practice-hindering the development of martial arts".The prohibition of folk martial arts practice in the Qing Dynasty was the result of the interaction between the behavior of some martial arts groups at that time who relied on martial arts for evil and the rulers'need to maintain social order.
This study utilized a spatial balance measurement tool to evaluate the alignment between urban public sports facilities and population distribution.Focusing on Shanghai,the purpose was to refine the spatial arrangement of these facilities,improve their balanced distribution and accessibility so as to achieve widespread,high-quality coverage of the"15-Minute Community Fitness Circle",contributing to the development of a sophisticated public fitness service system.The findings indicated that despite a high coverage rate of"15-Minute Community Fitness Circle",the proportion of adequately supplied areas was not enough.The spatial distribution of coverage showed a"high central-low peripheral"pattern,in contrast to the"low central-high peripheral"pattern seen in adequately supplied areas.Problems included that limited supplies resulted in insufficient service in central urban areas.Uneven distribution led to deficiencies in peripheral and suburban regions.The"Boundary Depression Effect"caused service gaps in certain peripheral and suburban areas.Suggestions included upgrading existing facilities to increase land use efficiency for sports infrastructure,using non-sports land to create additional sporting areas,implementing flexible space management in public sports facilities to accommodate demographic changes and enhancing top-down planning for these facilities to address the"Boundary Depression Effect".
在新一代信息技术加速发展的新语境下,技术创新赋予体育场馆全新使命,智慧化转型作为场馆发展的良器成为实务界与理论界关注的焦点.运用文献研究、实地调查、逻辑分析等研究方法,阐释智慧体育场馆的相关内涵和突破动因,分析国外智慧体育场馆发展模式与理念,为国内推广智慧体育场馆提供思路与实践借鉴.从发展目标、发展思路、关注重点以及建设内容的错位视角提出我国智慧体育场馆的立体化路径:大型智慧体育场馆应建设为城市"地标性"运动休闲服务综合体;中型智慧体育场馆应建设为"区域性"全民健身热力区;小型智慧体育场馆应建设为"节点式"运动健康服务点.优化场馆发展的策略为加强顶层设计,明确政府治理职责;因地制宜,注重场馆长效发展;聚焦应用,结合市场需求导向;加强合作,加速建设成果转化.
2015年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》引入了"禁止合作"机制,禁止运动员或其他当事人与某些兴奋剂违规的辅助人员合作.运用规范分析、案例研究等法教义学方法,发现在实践中该机制的适用率极低,而且即使经过2021年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》的修改,该机制仍然存在诸多不足.通过法律解释学方法以及法社会学方法的研究,得出结论:相关条款应当进行再完善,必须规定"合作"的一般定义;恢复反兴奋剂组织对运动员的告知义务;采取更加公平的方式确定辅助人员被取消资格的期限.
《民法典》第1176条首次确立了 自甘风险规则,补充了司法实践的制度空缺,保障了体育竞赛参与者的合法权益.但在案件裁决中,由于法官体育专业知识储备不足,且受制于已有知识结构和推理方式,导致审理体育竞赛伤害案件是否适用 自甘风险时,存在判断加害行为违法性、行为人主观状态、行为损害结果的困境.基于此,探讨体育专业人士介入的缘由与优势,并提出破解之策:建立体育专业人才遴选与监管机制;设置体育专业人士外部介入启动条件;规范体育专业人士外部介入过程.
运动促进儿童青少年执行功能效益存在技能类型上的差异性,大致呈现"开放性技能>封闭性技能""序列性技能>连续性技能"的规律,但其背后的理论解释缺乏整合和创新.首先,回顾了运动促进执行功能效益的基础性理论和相关理论假说,在具身认知和运动技能学习阶段理论的基础上,提出了体育运动促进儿童青少年执行功能效益的整合性理论.该理论的主要观点是,通过增加运动的情境、互动等要素,引入组件、协调和动态复杂性较高的任务以诱发动作练习的可变性,提高学生运动技能学习的兴趣,促进灵敏和协调等神经高度控制的素质发展,使学生受到更多的认知刺激,促进其动作经验和执行功能效益的提高.该理论解释了运动进一步提升执行功能效益的路径,为后续运动干预实践和运动技能教学提供指导.其次,基于现有研究和社会需求,提出以下研究展望:(1)探讨运动促进执行功能效益的神经生理学机制及其在锻炼类型上的差异性,进一步检验"扩展的额顶整合理论"和"神经效率假说";(2)根据整合性理论探索促进儿童青少年执行功能效益的方案,并检验方案在运动干预定量证据上的适用性;(3)改进封闭性技能的学练活动,开展提升封闭性技能促进执行功能效益的教育实践,发挥封闭性技能教学的育人效益.
目的:通过 8 周中等强度足球运动干预,探究足球运动对轻中度智力障碍儿童平衡能力的影响.方法:将 44 名轻中度智力障碍学生分为实验组(23 人,13.65±2.06 岁)和对照组(21 人,13.81±2.11 岁),实验组进行为期 8 周的中等强度的足球运动干预,对照组实行特殊学校常规体育课程.足球运动干预包括热身、技能练习、足球游戏、放松 4 个部分,技能练习部分前 4 周进行简单的足球技能练习,后 4 周进行复杂的足球技能练习.实验前后采用星状伸展平衡测试和闭眼单腿测试对被试平衡能力进行测量,运用SPSS 22.0 进行数据分析.结果:足球运动干预后实验组在星状伸展平衡测试 8 方向及闭眼单腿站立测试成绩上均有不同程度的提高.结论:足球是有效提高智力障碍儿童平衡能力的运动干预方式,且认知缺陷对智力障碍儿童平衡表现有重要影响,建议将足球运动融入特殊体育课程中.
"避实击虚"是中国武术对战的底层谋略,对"虚实"本质的先行破译,不仅可明晰身体武技内核发生与运行的微观原理,具化其技以载道的理法境界,亦可为当下竞技武术打法模式的扩展与深化提供导向性的基础理论.通过文献资料法、逻辑归纳法、比较分析法等方法,在回归传统语境下的前提下,以具体的人体"势"技术为切入点,结合现代体育科学归纳分析博弈双方"势"与"失势"的外在身体姿势现象与内在人体力学规律.研究发现"势实"与"势虚"在攻防能力上的优劣差异分别对应着人体运动力学中的平衡与失衡状态.人体平衡力学状态上的差异意味着自身稳定性的差异,继而影响到人体外在姿势结构与内在劲力系统的合理性与稳定性,其是最终导致攻防动作技能优劣的根本原因.因而认为武术"实"的本质是人体处在较高稳定性的基础上拥有合理且稳定的姿势结构与劲力系统的运动状态;"势虚"的本质则是人体因失稳导致身体不具备合理且稳定的姿势结构与劲力系统的运动状态.现代武术徒手对抗运动应回归近身"控虚"的传统经典格斗理念,形成以"打控结合"的贯穿式优势打法以弥补现代散打的技术空白,进一步彰显传统武术的技术蕴意与特色.
梳理、归集和判别体育课程思政建设中的一系列关键问题,并对其进行综合性的教学考量和分析,是推动体育课程思政建设进程的重要教学支持.运用文献资料法、案例分析法、辩证推理法等研究方法,对体育课程思政建设中关键教学问题进行了系统研究.研究认为:不会切入理念、不会发掘素材、不会更新方法、不会衔接内容等是体育课程思政建设需要直面的关键教学问题.通过积极采取有效的教学应对策略,对体育课程思政建设进程中的优质教学经验进行凝练、延伸、借鉴和督评,使体育课程思政建设中的关键环节相互之间进行引导、转化、督促、支持等,并由此建立教学关照,更好地构建体育课程思政建设过程的教学平衡关系,使体育课程思政建设的目标、内容、模式、过程、成果等,能够按照预设的教学计划和方案在教学实践中推展,进而为体育课程思政建设目标落地提供稳定条件和坚实保障.
奥运会参赛资格双轨制运行中,存在各体育组织之间权力冲突不断、主要体育组织缺乏有效制衡、运动员权利保障不足等问题,阻碍参赛资格管理法治化发展.国际奥委会借助每届奥运会前发布的《参赛资格体系准则》,对奥运参赛资格进行有效管理.通过梳理四届奥运会《参赛资格体系准则》的内容,发现国际奥委会在制定细则、引入协商前置程序、重视选拔时间节点三方面对参赛资格管理实践中的问题作出积极回应.从《参赛资格体系准则》的发展中获得如下启示:吸收参赛资格管理的先进经验,在制定符合国际标准的选拔文件、健全国内外选拔程序的衔接制度、增强监督和纠纷解决多元化方面做出改进,着力完善我国奥运会选拔制度,提升参赛资格管理法治化水平.
体育事业高质量发展是全面建设体育现代化国家的重要任务.从政府在体育发展中的职能;体育强国和健康中国建设的理论和实践;中国特色体育社会科学理论体系构建;体育社会科学各分支学科基本理论问题研究;国民体育素养、健康素养与健康促进;体育社会组织;体育社会科学中大数据运用等方面具体讨论了我国体育事业高质量发展体育社会科学需要关注的问题.
