Generation expansion planning (GEP) is a primary and rigorous exercise in shaping the long-term decisions in terms of capacity expansion, location and technology of the power plants, to be committed for next 25–30 years, based on forecasted electrical demand. It is a non-linear, mixed-integer, stochastic, dynamic and discrete optimization problem. The metaheuristics are deemed the best optimization techniques to answer this multi-dimensional optimization problem with a large number of complicated constraints. In this work, least cost GEP problem is solved using a new optimization technique named as Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm considering the future horizon of 14 years encapsulating power generation additions required to cater for the forecasted peak demand with significant reliability and reduced emissions. A new efficient radix-5 mapping method for the representation of population search agents and power plants selectivity method based on priority enlisting is embedded in AHA framework. AHA has been implemented on standard emission constrained test cases considered in the literature. The proposed GEP framework provides promising results in terms of least cost and computational time with enhanced reliability and reduced emissions in contrast to the approaches presented in the literature.
The paper presents a double closed-loop boost converter controller. For regulating output voltage of the boost converter a capacitor, a power switch, and a diode are used. The traditional buck-boost converter has a simple design that achieves high efficiency. Simulink is used to simulate a double closed-loop controller in this manuscript. A double loop is made up of an inner and an outer loop. The outer loop supplies the controller with boost output voltage, while the inner loop supplies the controller with inductor current. The sliding mode controller is regulated by inner loop, whereas the PI controller is regulated by its outer loop. The suggested system is capable of high-voltage photovoltaic applications by using inductors and low-voltage semiconductor devices. The dual closed-loop controller contributes to the achievement of a stable DC output voltage. The converter is capable of producing a broad range of noninverting output voltages. The proposed converter surpasses traditional models in terms of efficiency, voltage gain, ripple content, and dynamic responsiveness. This closed-loop system is durable and dependable, with constant transients and output voltage.
This paper aims to develop a low-cost laser engraving machine. Materials like plastics, acrylic, glass, wood, cardboard, and leather have been used to engrave desired inputs. It have been found that this laser engraving process has a higher precision and accuracy as compared to traditional embellishing and embossing. The laser beam acquires thermal energy, which emerges from the machine and engraves the material. CREO 2.0 software is used for the 3D modeling and simulation of the machine. Arduino and different controller boards are tried and used in assembling the machine in less time. Different dependency and dimensional tests are conducted in order to validate the machine. The results are found to be satisfactory in terms of quality and cost. The final assembly is experimentally verified which is based on a 2D gantry that is mounted with a laser LED payload for laser engraving on various compatible materials.
This study aims to install a solar thermal-powered adsorption chiller and evaluate its performance by integrating a test bench into the system. Adsorption chillers can utilize low-grade heat sources below 80°C to operate efficiently without using refrigerants causing carbon emissions and global warming. The commercially available Adsorption Chiller of 4.79 Tons capacity was installed, with a flat plate collector and a cooling tower for heat dissipation. Results showed that average cooling ranged from 0.9 kW to 5.32 kW, with a maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.32 when inlet temperature was varied from 50°C to 65°C, respectively and the flow rate varied from 0.23kg/s-0.27kg/s for high temperature and 0.23kg/s to 0.25kg/s for low temperature line. This study highlights the potential for adsorption chillers to exploit untapped heat sources and improve energy efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. The results of this study can contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable cooling systems, which can be used to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development.
Currently, there is a growing interest in the topic of power quality across the entire electric power system. The power system is a complex network of modules with a broad distribution area, designed to meet the demand for electric power. The power system is susceptible to a range of disturbances arising from either dynamic consumer load behavior or faults. The power system necessitates a precise and advanced stability and protection mechanism. Ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power system is a significant challenge, with voltage stability and fault protection being key areas of concern. The present research study proposes a technique to augment the stability of a grid-connected system that comprises of several generating sources through the utilization of FACTS devices, specifically static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The technology has been designed to enable the monitoring of supervisory control of devices, while the distribution system offers decision-making tools to enhance system performance. A fault was generated between the time interval of 1-1.04 sec duration, and the simulation waveform was subsequently observed. The present study entails a simulation-based comparison between a power system without a STATCOM devise and one equipped with the STATCOM. The analysis results of the transient voltage stability of HV AC transmission lines utilizing STATCOM.
