学术界对规律问题的争议持久且复杂,如何打破对"规律"问题的熟知非真知怪圈,解决相关的理论争鸣,需要重新审视马克思主义的科学规律论.首先,要回归文本,厘清马克思主义经典作家的规律思想探索史,可从总体上把握马克思、恩格斯"规律"思想的生成路径与最终确立的"规律支配过程"的观点.其次,要从本体论、认识论、实践论三个维度出发,从整体上掌握马克思主义哲学中"规律"论的内在逻辑.简言之,本体论层面的"规律"是包括人类社会在内的物质世界不可丢失和消灭的属性;认识论层面的"规律"是对本体论层面"规律"——"普遍规律性"——的近似;在实践论层面,人能利用但不能违背"规律",不能用历史选择论代替历史规律论.这三个层面构成了对"规律"的科学把握.最后,借助于此,理论界能进一步加强相关问题的研究基础,扫清理论迷雾,不断拓展马克思主义"规律"论的理论深度.
As a kind of subculture capital, NFT digital collection is dominating the production and communication of the network subculture of the youth group. Using taste and interest as the basic currency, the NFT digital collections build all-encompassing online subculture circles of taste and interest full of fluidity, with distinctions occurring between circles, generations, and community members. The communication practice of NFT digital collection also has new significance: First, the connection of weak relationship is stimulated unprecedentedly, and young groups of different identities complete the gathering and upgrading of relationship in the interaction practice of NFT digital collections, and finally assemble into a network society with weak relationship as the core. Second, NFT digital collections connect different circles of taste and interest, and individual actions between circles are not restricted by ecological isolation. Mobility makes superentities with multiple identities not confined to specific communities, and communication practices based on individual free will become normal. Third, in the interaction of NFT digital collections based on digital media and the Internet of all things, the boundary between material and spiritual interactions is eliminated, resulting in an intermingling and inter-promoting pattern.
Although the Administrative Litigation Law ,the Interpretation of the Administrative Litigation Law ,and the Interpretation of Prosecutorial Public Interest Litigation stipulate five applicable situations and two applicable modes for confirming illegal judgments in environmental administrative public interest litigation,they do not specify whether confir-ming of illegal judgments and the "performance of duties"judgments can be used together,nor do they clarify whether the"performance period before procuratorial suggestions"is included in the period for confirming illegal judgments and how to apply the prosecution period for confirming illegal judgments.The combination of confirming illegal judgments and "fulfilling responsibilities"judgments,improper inclusion of the "performance period before procuratorial advice"into the period of confirming illegal judgments,and confusion in the application of the prosecution period for confirming illegal judgments have led to a dilemma in the application of environmental administrative public interest litigation confirming illegal judgments.In order to ensure the accuracy of litigation requests and achieve the unity of judgment rules,it is recommended to apply multi-dimensional correction to the errors in confirming illegal judgments and "fulfilling responsibilities"judgments.The "perform-ance period before procuratorial advice"should be excluded from the period of confirming illegal judgments,and special pro-visions should be made for the prosecution period of confirming illegal judgments,in order to solve the aforementioned diffi-culties of confirming illegal judgments in environmental administrative public interest litigation one by one.
The poets of Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty followed a relatively stable poetic tradition,which could be roughly divided into the elegant tradition of The Book of Songs,the tradition of imitating the style of Tao Yuanming,the tradition of worshiping Du Fu,and the tradition of internal inheritance of poets of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties.They believed that The Book of Songs contained complete philosophical connotations and natural law and was the classic paradigm and highest standard of poetry creation.The temperament and poetic style of Tao Yuanming were very con-sistent with the Neo-Confucianism thought of poets of Neo-Confucianism,so the poems of those who advocated Tao often imitated the style of Tao Yuanming.Du Fu's poems have antithesis in poetic rhymes,and his techniques and philosophical connotations are not as good as those in The Book of Songs.However,his poetic style is elegant and powerful and has a style of moralists.Therefore,poets of Neo-Confucianism both had the thoughts of doubting and worshiping Du Pu.The poems of famous Neo-Confucianists,represented by Shao Yong and Chen Xianzhang,were in line with opinions of people respecting the natural principles,and the poets in the Ming Dynasty especially advocated these principles,thus forming relatively closed poetry aesthetic traditions.These four traditions correspond to the four principles of the deep integration of Neo-Confucianism and poetry.In short,with Neo-Confucianism as the core and the degree of connection with Neo-Confucianism as the radius,the poetry traditions of the Ming Dynasty's nature poets can be divided into four styles,namely,the internally continued tradition of Neo-Confucianism,the tradition of elegant poems,the tradition of imitating Tao Yuanming's style,and the tradition of admiring Du Fu's style,finally establishing a"concentric circle"with poetic method,poetic comment and poetic composition.
Mass food safety harm arises from the coupling of both human and non-human factors with social risks,char-acterized by the complexity of causal relationships and the scale of resulting damages.Judicial remedies face multiple obstacles during the litigation and enforcement stages,while administrative remedies often prove ineffective and fail to pro-vide adequate relief to victims in practice.Under the framework of public-private partnership remedies,the public sector can collaborate with private entities to provide relief,offering advantages over administrative remedies and the potential to com-plement judicial remedies,thereby better addressing mass food safety harm.At the institutional level,public-private partner-ship remedies should be implemented as a compensation fund under national guarantee,which can be operationalized through pre-authorized administrative agreements.Additionally,specific legislation should be enacted to establish authorization norms and operational regulations for public-private partnership remedies,while amending relevant laws to ensure their compatibility with existing judicial remedies.
