The contradiction between industrial water supply and demand in the Yellow River Basin is be-coming increasingly prominent.Improving the water use efficiency of high water-consuming industries is of great significance for achieving the green development of industry and high-quality economic development in the Yellow River Basin.Based on panel data from 59 cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2020,this paper uses a three-stage super-efficiency SBM model to explore the water use efficiency of high water-consuming industries in the cities of the Yellow River Basin after eliminating the influence of the external en-vironment.It also analyzes its temporal characteristics using the Malmquist index model.Furthermore,a To-bit regression model is used to analyze the impact of urbanization rate,labor quality,the proportion of high water-consuming industries,industrial water use structure,and water environment regulation on the water use efficiency of high water-consuming industries in cities in the Yellow River Basin.The results show:Firstly,after eliminating the influence of external environmental factors,the average values of overall com-prehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency of water use in high water-consuming in-dustries in cities in the Yellow River Basin are 0.133,0.387,and 0.386,respectively.Water use efficiency is restricted by management level and production scale,and there is considerable room for improvement.Sec-ondly,the water use efficiency of high water-consuming industries in cities in the Yellow River Basin has dy-namic temporal variations.Specifically,it basically showed a downward trend from 2006 to 2015 and an up-ward trend from 2015 to 2020,indicating that the water use efficiency of high water-consuming industries has been improved.Thirdly,urbanization rate,labor quality,and the proportion of high water-consuming in-dustries are significantly positively correlated with the water use efficiency of high water-consuming indus-tries,and industrial water use structure is significantly negatively correlated with the water use efficiency of high water-consuming industries.
在武山水帘洞石窟的开凿、发展、兴盛和衰落过程中,丝绸之路交通线路、中西文化交流、地缘政治、民族宗教和社会因素等在不同时期对石窟群发展的影响力存在着差异.武山水帘洞北周佛教造像艺术既有北周"浑圆饱满""面短而艳"的风格,又受到了域外马图拉佛教艺术和萨珊波斯艺术的影响.北周政府积极开展与西域的交流,重视对秦州的经营以及氐、羌等西北古老民族笃信佛教,是水帘洞石窟群开凿的重要原因.隋朝统一促进了丝绸之路的畅通和石窟艺术的东西南北交流.唐吐蕃统治时期,尽管丝绸之路畅通,但由于受唐代陇右宗教中心的西移及唐蕃战争的影响,包括水帘洞石窟群在内的渭河上游地区的石窟开凿并没有因为丝绸之路的兴盛而繁荣.宋代因远距离丝路贸易衰落,中国与域外佛教文化交流减少,水帘洞石窟佛教艺术的中国化、地方化和民族化加强,造像趋于程式化、世俗化,明显受到汉传佛教的影响.元明时期,由于丝绸之路交通线路的改变,武山在中西交通中的地位进一步下降,使得水帘洞石窟与域外石窟艺术交流隔绝,促使其进一步向地方化与民族化方向发展.总体而言,水帘洞石窟元代遗存受到藏传佛教的影响,而明代造像的程式化、世俗化的特点更加突出.武山水帘洞石窟艺术的演变轨迹,生动地折射了丝绸之路佛教艺术的中国化、世俗化和民族化的过程.
水帘洞石窟群是陇右地区较为重要的一处石窟寺,也是渭河流域北朝时期除麦积山石窟之外的又一个佛教文化艺术中心,因其特殊的历史和地理环境,在南北朝时期受到当时统治阶层的重视和经营,所以有大量的佛教塑像和壁画保存下来.将其与国内丝绸之路沿线及中原地区同时期的石窟造像艺术进行比较研究,可以发现他们在塑像和壁画艺术方面存在较为明显的传承关系,有很多共同特征.此外,它们与中原地区石窟寺以及山东青州龙兴寺出土的北朝佛教造像之间具有较多相似性的同时,又有各自的地域特色,是研究石窟寺乃至中国佛教文化艺术重要的实物资料.
自然人迈入网络虚拟世界需借助数字身份.根据身份识别与身份认同的不同功能,数字身份可被区分为静态数字身份与动态数字身份.由于数字身份的特殊性,个体对数字身份享有的虚拟化人格权益具有动态建构性特征、实时多样态性及现实交互性特征.基于上述特征,在静态数字身份语境下,虚拟化人格权益可视为传统人格权益的虚拟化表征,遵循人格权规范调整路径;在动态数字身份语境下,可将个人信息权益规范作为补充规范路径.
近代早期英国宫廷的巡游不仅是一项娱乐活动,更是一种政治活动,国王通过盛大华丽的游行队伍来树立在群众中的威望,通过巡游所到地点来暗示政治态度.宫廷的加冕礼入城游行、外交游行、婚礼或葬礼游行等游行一般是节庆、政治和外交场合等盛会的组成部分,体现了王权至上、等级制度、政治形势等政治含义,还有一些游行活动则充分表现了宫廷生活的仪式化和戏剧化.
