[目的]评价不同来源的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对果蝇延长寿命,增强繁殖力和抗逆能力的功效.[方法]以黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster为实验材料,比较研究从家蝇Musca domestica中提取的SOD、在毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris中重组表达的人hEC-SOD、在酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae中重组表达的中国拟青霉Paecilomyces sinensis SOD (ps-SOD)以及商品SOD对果蝇寿命、繁殖力和抗逆能力的影响.[结果]在饲料中添加4种SOD均能显著延长果蝇的平均寿命,雌果蝇寿命延长8.09％～12.38％,雄果蝇寿命延长12.01％～15.86％;F1代雌性子代数量增加25.94％～ 30.07％,雄性增加21.75％～ 39.54％.果蝇的耐高温和抗紫外辐射能力与添加的SOD浓度有关.在饲料中添加较高剂量的SOD,使热暴露雌性果蝇的寿命延长7.45％～ 9.88％,雄性果蝇延长13.46％～ 15.12％;受紫外线辐射的雌性果蝇的寿命延长13.47％～ 20.47％,雄性果蝇延长16.49％ ～ 23.73％.[结论]综合评价认为,4种SOD均能延长果蝇寿命,增强其繁殖力和抗逆能力,但这些功效在本研究供试的4种SOD间无显著差异,为不同来源SOD的应用提供了重要数据.

【Aim】To assess the effects of superoxide dismutases(SODs) from different sources on development of the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster.【Methods】The effects of four SODs,i.e.,the SOD extracted from Musca domestica,human extracellular SOD(hEC-SOD) expressed via Pichia pastoris,Paecilomyces sinensis SOD(ps-SOD) expressed via Saccharomyces cerevisiae and commercial SOD,on the lifespan,fecundity and tolerance to environmental stress of D.melanogaster was evaluated.【Results】 All SODs added in the diets prolonged significantly the average lifespan of D.melanogaster by 8.09% 12.38% for females and 12.01%-15.86% for males,and increased the number of F1 offsprings by 25.94%-30.07% for females and 21.75%-39.54% for males,respectively.The tolerance to heat exposure and UV-radiation of the fruit fly was related with the concentration of SOD in the diets.Fed on the diet with the high concentration of SOD,the lifespan of heat-exposed fruit flies increased by 7.45%-9.88% for females and 13.46%-15.12% for males,while UV-radiated flies had 13.47% 20.47% longer lifespan for females and 16.49%-23.73% for males,respectively.【Conclusion】The four SODs prolonged the lifespan of D.melanogaster,and enhanced its fecundity and tolerance to environmental stress;however,the differences in above effects between the four SODs tested were not significant in most cases.These findings offer important data for commercialization of SODs from different sources.

The paper,based on sample data of some key cigarette industrial enterprises in China,uses a structure equation modeling(SEM) to analyze how the absorptive capacity factors of acquisition,assimilation,transformation and applying affect the competitive advantage.it finds out that assimilation,transformation and applying capacity factors have markedly positive impact on competitive advantage;but the acquisition capacity factor has not significant effect on competitive advantage.Meanwhile,acquisition,assimilation,transformation and applying capacity factors have markedly positive impact on absorptive capacity.

The aroma components in secondarily formulated flavor blocks of different storage durations were analyzed by solvent extraction combining with GC/MS.The changes of these components were evaluated by principal component analysis and t-test.The results showed that the aroma components in the samples could be satisfactorily extracted by dichloride methane with good repeatability.The results of GC/MS analytical data processed by principal component analysis and t-test reflected the variation of the samples as a whole and significance of changes of individual aroma component during storage,which provided reference for the evaluation of the stability and storage duration of secondarily formulated flavor blocks.

企业科技项目后评价是指企业研发项目经过选题、论证、立项、执行实施和转化应用后,对项目的立项目的、目标、执行过程、效益、作用等进行系统分析和综合评价,发现问题、总结经验,以促进企业科技项目管理水平的提高.

As the initial step of research cooperation,the selection of cooperation mode is crucial to both enterprises and universities,which influences the relation between them and efficiency improvement.Based on the cooperation experience of China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial,the paper proposes the reality principle and objective basis of university-industry collaboration.And it researches on the process design of U-I collaboration in order to search for the appropriate cooperation method.The conclusions provide a valuable reference for the enterprise's resources allocation and the commercialization of research findings.

随着我国产学研合作对企业创新作用的增强和企业产学研合作的不断深入,产学研合作模式呈现多样性,对国内产学研合作模式进行归类和总结,大致可分为传统模式、联合模式、产学研外部一体化模式、共建模式、教育模式等类型,各种产学研合作模式有其各自的适用范围、运行机制及特点。企业进行产学研合作模式选择时,应根据自企业自身的要求,自主研发与合作研究相结合,建立符合实际需求的产学研合作体系,实现科研开发、人才培养、成果产业化的目的。

In order to study the particle size distribution of aerosols in mainstream smoke of different cigarette brands,four samples were tested according to a standard regime.After on-line 200:1 dilution,particle diameter and number concentration were directly conducted by using electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI) with a measurement range from 7-10000 nm.The results showed that,the particle size distribution differed in different cigarette brands.During the smoking process,the concentration of smoke aerosols increased puff by puff.The profile of aerosol size distribution peaked in the range of 0.261～0.381 micron for samples A and D,and 0.028 micron for samples B and C.Median particle diameter was 0.23 micron for samples A and D,and 0.16 micron for samples B and C.The average aerosol concentration of the four samples was between 1.09×109p/cm3 and 2.21×109p/cm3,and a similar pattern of particle number was observed with a range from 2.29×1011 to 3.88×1011 particles per cigarette.