Herein, a green chemical, glucose was applied to prepare reduced graphene oxide (RGO), of which the removal performance was explored within three different dye effluents of lower concentration.The results demonstrated that the average removal capacity of RGO was as high as ~47.5 mg/g, overwhelming popular adsorbents like nanotitania, activated carbon, and graphene oxide, from initial concentration of 5 mg/L.Meanwhile, effects of adsorbent dosage and reuse cycle relating to the adsorption were also addressed.Moreover, it was found that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model fit the adsorption process of RGO well, with the thermodynamic analysis revealing that it was performed in a spontaneous and endothermic way.Overall, this work is targeted to establish an efficient approach applied in advanced treatment of effluents.

Specialty paper products made using natural pulps is an attractive field for the paper industry and for researchers. Studying the thermal dynamics of plant pulps is an important step toward improving the thermal stability of papers. This study has the aim of gaining detailed insight into the thermal properties of softwood, hardwood, flax, hemp, mulberry, bamboo, bagasse, and esparto pulps. Chemical composition and thermogravimetric analyses of these non-wood pulps were performed to find the correlations between the chemical, structural, and thermal properties of these pulps. In addition, the Malek model for kinetics of the thermo-decomposition process of pulps is proposed. The kinetics of the most probable mechanism function for G(α) = 1-(1-α) 1/2 of the thermo-decomposition process of plant fibers from 200 to 400 °C is deduced using the Malek model. This study also provides a method to help select the most promising pulps for specialty materials.

研究微胶囊红枣香精的制备工艺,评价微胶囊产品的品质,对微胶囊释放性能进行测定,并将红枣提取物添加到卷烟纸中进行卷烟加香感官评价.结果表明,微胶囊化红枣精油呈乳白色粉末状,密度0.642 5 g/cm3,含水量2.58％,溶解度92％.释放性能试验表明,经微胶囊化的红枣精油可以达到持久缓释的功效,具有很高的使用价值.卷烟纸的应用试验显示,微胶囊化红枣香精能有效地掩盖卷烟杂气,有效降低卷烟刺激性,并使其具有甜润感、烟气柔和细腻.

为了研究生物酶法提取烟叶精油的最佳条件，在单因子实验的基础上，采用合理的实验设计方案，应用响应面法（RSM）优化烟叶精油提取中的工艺参数，条件包括反应温度、反应 pH值、反应时间和蒸馏时间。依据回归分析确定生物酶法提取精油的相应最佳参数为：以酶解温度55℃，pH5.60，酶解时间91 min，蒸馏时间74 min为最佳，此条件下试验精油提取得率为3.56%。实验结果表明，响应面法对烟叶精油的提取条件优化合理可行，为提高精油的得率提供了理论依据。

研究了不同复合酶对低次烟叶化学成分的影响及其添加在卷烟纸中对感官质量的影响,结果表明:不同复合酶处理后,低次烟叶的化学成分含量以及相互间的协调性指标均有改善;0.10％的复合酶C处理后低次烟叶的化学成分含量以及相互间的协调性综合表现最好,将复合酶处理后的低次烟叶提取物添加到卷烟纸中制成卷烟进行感官评定,感官评吸结果显示感官质量明显提高.

利用离子色谱梯度洗脱法分离测定卷烟纸中助剂的含量,分别采用IonPac AS15-HC阴离子分离柱和IonPac AS11-HC阴离子分离柱分离几种卷烟纸中的助剂,比较了两种分离柱的分离效果.结果表明,IonPac AS11-HC阴离子分离柱对乙酸根、苹果酸根、磷酸根、柠檬酸根的分离效果更好.分别用配有IonPac AS11-HC阴离子分离柱的离子色谱仪对7种卷烟纸中的4种阴离子进行检测,发现不同卷烟纸中的助剂种类、含量相差较大.卷烟纸的透气度测定结果表明,不同助剂含量和配比的卷烟纸的透气度具有差异性.

Tobacco extracts was made from tobacco raw materials by a method of molecular distillation, with which plug wrapping paper was coated and prepared. As indicated by head space GC-MS analysis, big amount of volatile components could be found under the temperature of 60℃ and 80℃, respectively, including rich aroma components, such as alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ester, hydrocarbon, furan and the like. Cigarette sensory quality also showed that cigarette aroma quality was promoted obviously after the use of added plug wrapping paper. In addition, aroma richness and comfortableness of cigarette were improved to some extent as well.

The determination of volatile organic compounds(VOCs,including methanol,acetone,methyl acetate,tertiary butanol,vinyl acetate and ethyl acetate) in cigarette adhesive by headspace gas chromatography was investigated.The effects of temperature programming,equilibrium time,equilibrium temperature and quantity of the adhesive on the experimental results were discussed,and an optimal process variable for the determination of volatile organic compounds was ascertained.The results show that the linearity range of this method was 40~400 μg/g for methyl alcohol,4~40 μg/g for acetone,9.2~92 μg/g for methyl acetate,3.2~32 μg/g for tertiary butanol,7.5~75 μg/g for vinyl acetate and 4.5~45 μg/g for ethyl acetate,respectively.The relative standard deviations were 0.6%~2.7%,and the recovery was 90.8%~104.2%.This method of determining volatile organic compounds in cigarette adhesive is simple,quick and accurate.

Analysis methods were established in this paper to find out how the fiber affect the cigarette paper's performances.The fiber was characterized by FS300,OLYMPIC BX51 optical microscope and NANO 430 SEM.

In order to study the influence of burning peak temperature of cigarette on the content of CO in mainstream smoke,the weight loss of cigarette paper at different temperature was compared with thermal analyzer,and surface morphology of cigarette paper was investigated by SEM.The results indicated that the initial weight loss temperature of cigarette paper is lower,when the burning peak temperature of cigarette lowered.At the same temperature the content of CO in mainstream smoke is lower,when the permeability of cigarette paper increases.

A method for determining the lead content in cigarette paper with microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed.Some process variables,including quantities of sample,the composition of digestion agent,ashing temperature,atomizing temperature and matrix modifier were optimized as follows: 4 mL of nitric acid at the concentration of 65%,2 mL of hydrogen peroxide,and 2 mL of high purity water were used as the digestion agent for 0.3000 g of cigarette paper in the presence of microwave irradiation.And the ashing temperature,atomizing temperature and matrix modifier applied were 700,1900 ℃ and 0.10 g/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the detection limit and relative standard deviations were 0.471 μg/L and 1.04%,respectively.The recoveries of 4 kinds of cigarette paper ranged from 97.8% to 105.7%.This method is simple and accurate,features higher sensitivity and recovery and good repeatability,and is suitable for determining the lead content in cigarette paper.

The invention discloses application of blackberrykiky rhizome in a cigarette. The cigarette is prepared by performing supercritical CO2 extraction of the blackberrykiky rhizome, namely molecular distillation extract, adding the molecular distillation extract to a cigarette paper, a forming paper, a filter rod or tobacco shreds. When the cigarette is burnt and sucked, the blackberrykiky rhizome extract is heated and volatilized, and the active ingredients of the blackberrykiky rhizome extract are sucked into the mouth of the smoker along with smoke. The cigarette can effectively relieve stimulus of the smoke to the throat of the smoker and has certain functions of moistening throat, promoting the production of body liquid and the like. The addition of the blackberrykiky rhizome extract to the cigarette does not influence on both the cigarette flavor and the sucking style, and the blackberrykiky rhizome extract is applicable to the cigarette products to obtain cigarette with curative effects.

To accurately determine the pH value of aqueous infusion of tobacco,the effects of sample volume,test temperature,test time,filtration and solution status on the determined pH values of aqueous infusion of tobacco were compared with a potentiometric analyzer.The results indicated that: 1) When sample volume was 10%(mass fraction),test temperature 20℃,test time not less than 3 minutes,the fluctuation range of determined pH value was narrower;2) Filtration and clarity of infusion did not affect the pH value significantly.

In order to investigate the effects of acidity on the pyrolysates of cigarette paper additives,the pyrolysates of potassium citrate solution of pH 3.51,8.36 and 12.14 at 300,600 and 900 ℃ in air were analyzed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.The results showed that: 1) At 300 ℃,the major pyrolysates were ketones;while at 600 ℃ and 900 ℃,the major pyrolysates were ketones,benzenes,phenols,indenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.2) At 600 ℃ and 900 ℃,the contents of crotonaldehyde,aldehydes,benzenes,indenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased,while those of ketones,furans,phenols decreased with the rise of pH value of solution.

The effects of pH value of cigarette paper additives on smoke pH, CO, TPM and sensory quality were studied.The results showed that pH value of cigarette paper additives was increased with (increasing) pH value of mainstream smoke, but the content of CO and TPM were declined,pH value of cigarette (paper) additive also affected the sensory quality,neutral solution would be better for sensory quality.

In order to study the particle size distribution of aerosols in mainstream smoke of different cigarette brands,four samples were tested according to a standard regime.After on-line 200:1 dilution,particle diameter and number concentration were directly conducted by using electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI) with a measurement range from 7-10000 nm.The results showed that,the particle size distribution differed in different cigarette brands.During the smoking process,the concentration of smoke aerosols increased puff by puff.The profile of aerosol size distribution peaked in the range of 0.261～0.381 micron for samples A and D,and 0.028 micron for samples B and C.Median particle diameter was 0.23 micron for samples A and D,and 0.16 micron for samples B and C.The average aerosol concentration of the four samples was between 1.09×109p/cm3 and 2.21×109p/cm3,and a similar pattern of particle number was observed with a range from 2.29×1011 to 3.88×1011 particles per cigarette.

Foreign flue-cured tobacco was blent with national flue-cured tobacco and then their chemical components were studied by near infrared spectroscopy(NIR).Results showed that the established models of the chemical components of blent flue-cured tobacco were feasible,with similar predictive values to the experimental values.The model can be used in detection of large numbers of flue-cured tobacco samples.

The content of chlorine in tobacco determined by continuous flow analysis (CFA), the standard method described in YC/T 162-2002 and GB 13580.9-1992, is considerably different from that by other classical methods, such as Moore method, potentiometric titration and ion chromatography. Therefore, the various factors affecting CFA were investigated, optimized and improved: 1) a dialyzer was set in the analyzer; 2) the detecting wavelength was shifted from 480 nm to 490 nm; 3) the flow-through cell with 15 mm optical path was replaced by a 10 mm flow-through cell without bubble elimination; 4) the determined optimum coloring reaction time was about 665 seconds; 5) the flow scheme of instrument was redesigned. The results showed that: the disturbance from the background color of tobacco extract was eliminated; the detection period reduced from 160 seconds to 90 seconds; the content of chlorine in tobacco determined by the improved method was highly in accordance with that by the classical methods mentioned above, with RSD5% and t = 1.6278t1-a=0.10/2(n-1)=1.7341. The improved method is fit for fast analysis of chlorine in tobacco.

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of nicotine in water extract of tobacco products were performed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-ITMS/MS) in positive ion mode. The proposed structure of major fragments In the MS/MS spectrum of nicotine was analyzed. Mass spectrometer was first tuned with standard solution of nicotine to obtain optimum parameters for detecting, then quantitation of nicotine was carried out in selective reaction monitoring ( SRM) scan mode. Limit of detection ( LOD) of the method was 0.21 mu g/L. Recovery was 99% - 105% and precision observed in three different concentration levels was from 0.64 to 0.72% (RSD). The goal of rapid quantitation was achieved by using a short. high performance chromatography column with high throughput.

Near infrared prediction model was established to predict content of nicotine in tobacco.Evaluation on the prediction results was made by regression analysis and hypothesis testing.Results indicated that the prediction performance of this model to nicotine was satisfactory,and there was no significant difference between prediction value and measured value.