运用常规化学分析和红外光谱、色谱质谱等分析技术对造纸法烟草薄片废水生物处理前后的污染特性进行分析研究.结果表明:生化处理前废水CODCr高、色度深、NH3-N含量高、悬浮物多、水样偏酸性,但废水的可生化性好,生化处理后废水各项指标大大降低;生化处理前废水在190～400 nm具有较强的吸收,生化处理后废水成分复杂;生化处理前废水中含有大量烟碱和有机酸,经生化处理后废水中大部分有机物降解为烷烃、酰胺等化合物.

以膨润土作为载体,制备Fe2O3/膨润土光催化剂,利用Fe2O3/膨润土光催化Fenton深度处理造纸法烟草薄片废水,单因素考察pH值、H2O2用量、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对降解效果的影响,并对降解动力学和反应机理进行分析.结果表明:在初始pH 3.0,H2O2用量2.5 mg·L-1,催化剂用量1750 mg·L-1,反应时间180 min的条件下,废水CODCr去除率达到80.78％;动力学研究表明,该废水催化降解反应符合一级动力学模型,Fe2O3/膨润土光催化剂具有较高的稳定性和较好的可重复实用性.

In order to determine the ammonia in mainstream cigarette smoke accurately,ion chromatography(IC) method was improved,and the improved method was applied to determine the ammonia in mainstream smoke of 59 cigarettes measured under ISO and Health Canada(HC) smoking regimes,respectively.The results showed that: 1) The samples were collected,extracted,and purified by graphitized carbon blacks(GCB) column,then determined by ion chromatography using Dionex IonPac CS16 cation exchange column with methane sulfonic acid(MSA) as eluent.2) The calibration curve of ammonia was linear in the range of 0 to 1 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.9992 and the limit of detection of 0.0067 μg/mL.The recoveries ranged from 96% to 104% with the relative standard deviation of 2.8% to 4.5%.3) The ammonia measured under HC smoking regime was in the range of 173% to 378% relative to that measured under ISO smoking regime.The problems in sample solution stability and pollution to chromatographic system were eliminated.

Sample of tobacco was pyrolyzed under temperatures of 400,600,800,1 000,1 200 ℃,and the alkenes released was determined by GC-MS.It was shown that the amount of hazardous alkenes released was found to increase gradually with the increase of pyrolytic temperature;the maximum amount of flavorous alkenes released was attained at 600 ℃.Therefore,burning cigarettes at 600 ℃ can enhance the notes of fresh aroma and reduce hazardous alkenes.

为了改善梗丝性质,通过碱氧处理降低细胞壁物质含量并提高梗丝和酶的反应活性,再利用生物酶催化降解蛋白质、淀粉和纤维素,结果表明:①处理后梗丝填充值提高了27.6%,糖碱比提高了49.5%,细胞壁物质含量降低了42.3%;②对其21种主要香气成分进行分析可知,总量提高25.7%,其中美拉德反应产物含量提高140.5%,类胡萝卜素降解产物含量提高115.6%;③感官评吸结果表明梗丝经碱氧酶处理后,杂气、余味、刺激性方面有所改善。

The principles of pyrolysis-chromatography technique were introduced in this paper.And the application of this technique in tobacco chemical analysis was also presented,especially the recent progress and development in simulating cigarette smoke component.

The volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in triacetate,used as plasticizer in fliter rod,were analyzed by using headspace gas chromatography.And the limit of plasticizer content for enterprise was proposed based on the EU general standards of toy EN71-9:2005.Trace VOCs were found in triacetin and the response value of each component showed good linear correlation with the sample content under our analytical conditions.High VOCs content might be found in triacetin with high purity,thus the high-purity triacetin may not be suitable for used as tobacco auxiliary materialsin.In conclusion,headspace gas chromatography method was suitable for detection of VOCs,and for quality assessment of triacetin.

In order to determine the protein nitrogen in tobacco fast,the non-protein nitrogen in soluble nitrogen was extracted from tobacco sample with heated 0.5% acetic acid,in which soluble proteins in tobacco precipitated,and then determined with a continuous flow analyser.The protein nitrogen content in tobacco was figured out by subtracting the determined non-protein nitrogen from total nitrogen.The results showed that the CV of the method was less than 3%.There was no significant difference between the values determined by this method and current industry standard method at the confidence interval of 90%.

In order to study the particle size distribution of aerosols in mainstream smoke of different cigarette brands,four samples were tested according to a standard regime.After on-line 200:1 dilution,particle diameter and number concentration were directly conducted by using electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI) with a measurement range from 7-10000 nm.The results showed that,the particle size distribution differed in different cigarette brands.During the smoking process,the concentration of smoke aerosols increased puff by puff.The profile of aerosol size distribution peaked in the range of 0.261～0.381 micron for samples A and D,and 0.028 micron for samples B and C.Median particle diameter was 0.23 micron for samples A and D,and 0.16 micron for samples B and C.The average aerosol concentration of the four samples was between 1.09×109p/cm3 and 2.21×109p/cm3,and a similar pattern of particle number was observed with a range from 2.29×1011 to 3.88×1011 particles per cigarette.