Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, the dried root of Gentiana macrophylla Pall., Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk., Gentiana straminea Maxim., or Gentiana dahurica Fisch., is a traditional Chinese medicine with multi-origins and some adulterants. Liquid chromatography coupled to electrostatic orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap-MS) was used to search the different components of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix of the four species. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with fingerprint analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), and partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was also utilized to distinguish them and their adulterants based on the critical components identified by LC-MS. A single standard to determine the multi-components (SSDMC) method was established for the determination of the critical markers. A total of 93 compounds were identified from Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, including 58 common ones. Their HPLC fingerprints show a significant difference with the adulterants. In addition, PCA and PLS-DA could make a distinction among the four species. Loganic acid, 6'-O-β-d-glucosylgentiopicroside, swertiamarine, gentiopicroside, and sweroside were identified as the critical markers and then quantified by the SSDMC method. The developed strategy is powerful for the quality control and authentication of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix.

The unripe fruit or peel of Citrus aurantium L., Citrus sinensis Osbeck, and Citrus reticulata Blanco are often disregarded due to perceptions of their marginal value. The present study was undertaken to explore the differences in phytochemical composition and bioactive properties of five citrus by-products in China and demonstrate their potential value. 214 compounds were systematically identified using LC-Orbitrap-MS analysis. Among them, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin were established as essential compounds for the discrimination and authentication of the five by-products via a combination of LC-MS, HPLC, and TLC techniques. Variations in the antioxidant activity of the by-products were observed, which correlated with their maturity and were attributable to differences in their active ingredients. Moreover, spectrum-effect relationship analysis revealed that the four previously identified differential markers, along with nobiletin and tangeretin, significantly contributed to the differences in antioxidant activity. The results highlight the potential for citrus by-product enhancement and utilization.

Fruits are consumed as foods or medicines to supply people with nutrition or treat diseases. Zhishi, the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L. or Citrus sinensis Osbeck, is one of the most representative health food from the fruit of the Citrus genus. It is widely used in flavorings, canned food, beverages, and medicines because of its outstanding curative effects. The bidirectional regulating effect of Zhishi on the gastrointestinal tract for treating food stagnation or diarrhea has been confirmed. Its active ingredients, including synephrine and N-methyltyramine, have been used clinically as blood pressure boosting and anti-shock drugs. Flavonoids and alkaloids of Zhishi also make it potential weight loss and beauty products due to their definite effectiveness and safety. This paper intends to review the different therapeutic applications of Zhishi and the phytochemicals associated with its medicinal values. Besides, up-to-date information on its botany and analytical methods for the quality control of the medicine is supplied. To conclude, numerous independent research on Zhishi have been conducted in the past decades, but most of them are not deep enough in elucidating its scientific evidence of its health benefits. Further studies may unveil additional pharmacological activities and is beneficial to the mankind.

Objective To analyze the liposoluble components of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by various techniques, and they were identified by GC-MS technology, then the peak area normalization method was used to calculate the relative percentage of each ingredient. Results 69 components were identified.The esters,alcohols,alkenes and olefin organic acids were the main substances.Conclusion These 69 components except β-sitosterol are first identified in Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens. It can provide a scientific basis for rational use of the rhizomes and leaves of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens.

目的 研究小学生社会焦虑水平与其自尊、社会期望水平的相关性.方法 采用整群抽样的方法对长沙市某小学138名四年级学生、140名六年级学生进行儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)、罗森伯格自尊量表(SES)、儿童社会期望量表(CSD)测评.结果 ①按照SASC量表总得分分组,总得分≥8分为焦虑组,总得分≤5分为对照组,焦虑组与对照组在社交焦虑水平上差异有统计学意义(t=-20.11,P<0.01).②焦虑组与对照组在自尊水平上差异有统计学意义(t=4.43,P<0.05),在社会期望方面差异有统计学意义(t=4.09,P<0.01).③252名学生的社交焦虑与自尊、社会期望水平分别呈负相关(r=-0.258,P<0.05;r=-0.347,P<0.05),社会期望水平与自尊水平呈正相关(r=0.287,P<0.05).结论 小学生自尊、社会期望和社交焦虑的关系密切.在儿童心理健康教育工作中关注小学儿童的自尊、社会期望状态,帮助其保持中等强度的自尊、社会期望水平,对降低小学儿童社交焦虑有积极意义.

以湖南中医药大学为例,对中医药院校中药化学实习过程中存在的问题并结合自身的工作经验,提出几点应对措施,旨在提高人才培养质量.

Five new glycosides including mimenghuasu A and B (1-2), isolinarin (3), cyclocitralosides A and B (4-5), along with forty-seven known compounds were isolated from the flower buds of Buddleja officinalis. These structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, 1 D, 2 D NMR, and MS spectra). The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the expression of TNF-alpha (LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells) and MTT experiment on LPS-induced HUVECs proliferation effects. Good suppressive effects on the expression of TNF-alpha were shown by 4 and 5 with IC50 values of 19.35 and 22.10 mu M, respectively, compared to positive control indomethacin (IC50 16.40 mu M). In addition to this, some isolated compounds exhibited excellent antioxidant activities including compounds 16, 18, 29, 39, and 47 (IC50 mu M: 82.59, 72.94, 33.65, 46.67, and 20.81, respectively) with almost the same or stronger potency with reference to vitamin C as positive control (IC50 81.83 mu M).

中药化学实验具有较强的实践性和应用性,是中药化学课程的重要组成部分.文章以湖南中医药大学为例,指出中医药院校中药化学实验课程中存在的问题,并结合工作经验提出几点应对措施,旨在提高中药化学教学效果和人才培养质量.

Six flavonoid glycosides jixueqisus A-F, together with nine known flavonoids, were isolated from the rhizomes of the fern Pronephrium penangianum. Among them, two red pigments jixueqisus A and B possess the same rare 6,8-dimethyl-2-phenyl-7H-1-benzopyran-7-one skeleton (a long conjugated system). Jixueqisu Cwas a dihydrochalcone glycoside, jixueqisu D was a chalcone glycoside, jixueqisu E was an aurone glycoside, and jixueqisu F was a flavonone glycoside. Interestingly, jixueqisus D-F, (2S)-5,2',5'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone and 5,2',5'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone possessed a 2,5-dihydroxy substituted benzene ring (B-ring). Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic and chemical methods. Furthermore, the plausible biosynthetic pathways of jixueqisus A-F were discussed, respectively. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their activities against the proliferation of MCF-7, HepG-2, HCT-116 and BGC-823 tumor cell lines, four known flavane-4-ol glycosides, abacopterins A and C, eruberin B and triphyllin A, exhibited moderate activities to various cell lines.

Two new ditetrahydrofuran lignans, named sieverlignans A and B (1 and 2), together with six known ones (3-8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia sieversiana. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including HRMS, NMR spectra and circular dichroism experiments. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-neuroinflammatory effects on the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in BV-2 murine microglial cells. Compound 2 exhibited the significant activity with its IC50 value of 11.9 +/- 0.8 mu M, respectively, compared to a positive control quercetin with its IC50 value of 16.0 +/- 1.1 mu M.

三叶委陵菜作为一种重要民间药物,在我国广泛分布于湖北、湖南、河北等地区.三叶委陵菜的主要成分为黄酮、鞣质、三萜、甾体等,具有肝保护、抗炎镇痛、抑菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、调节免疫等药理作用.本篇综述了目前三叶委陵菜的化学成分及药理作用研究进展,以期为三叶委陵菜的进一步药效药理研究与开发提供基础.

目的 测定柔毛冠盖藤中总香豆素浓度.方法 采用紫外分光光度法,以伞形花内酯为对照,检测波长为323 nm.结果 在1～5μg/ml质量浓度范围内,对照品吸光度和浓度线性关系良好(r=0.9996).平均回收率99.16％,RSD=1.40％(n=6),柔毛冠盖藤中总香豆素平均含量为3.04 mg/g.结论 该法简便、可靠、重复性好,为有效控制该药材质量奠定了一定的基础.

药学英语具有专业性、实用性强等特点,是高校培养药学、医学专业人才国际化的一门专业课程,目前药学英语教学有很多新模式,新方法值得借鉴与讨论,但如何利用良好的教学模式使之成为一门金课,还需不断探索优化,笔者利用优秀教学模式衍生出多元教师组授课,以期望能为药学英语教学进步提供思路.

The mixed teaching mode of flipped classroom based on WeChat public account class school was constructed.Based on the analysis of its advantages, teaching design and practice was carried out.The results showed that this model could effectively promote the improvement of students' autonomous learning ability and learning desire, and could provide references for the teaching reform of this course.

A fern, Pronephrium penangianum (Hook.) Holtt., is a highly reputable medicinal plant in tujia ethenomedicine. It has good effect on relaxing muscles and tendons to promoting blood circulation, stanching bleeding and relieving pain in tujia system of medicine. In order to evaluate this traditional plant in a modern perspective, the current review presents essential aspects of Pronephrium penangianum including traditional uses, geographical distribution, chemical constituents, pharmacological studies and standardization. The chemical composition of the herb comprised of flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, etc. However, so far there has been few concrete published papers that explicate its chemical therapeutic basis according to Sci-Finder database and its identification and standardization still remains unknown. This review is intended to summarize the published information of this fern and discuss the current problems for the further studies.

Heilaohu, the roots of Kadsura coccinea, has a long history of use in Tujia ethnomedicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gastroenteric disorders, and a lot of work has been done in order to know the material basis of its pharmacological activities. The chemical investigation led to the isolation and characterization of three new (1–3) and twenty known (4–23) lignans. Three new heilaohulignans A-C (1–3) and seventeen known (4–20) lignans possessed dibenzocyclooctadiene skeletons. Similarly, one was a diarylbutane (21) and two were spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocyclooctadiene (22–23) lignans. Among the known compounds, 4–5, 7, 13–15 and 17–22 were isolated from this species for the first time. The structures were established, using IR, UV, MS and NMR data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The isolated lignans were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities. Compound 3 demonstrated strong cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 9.92 µM, compounds 9 and 13 revealed weak cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 21.72 µM and 18.72 µM, respectively in the HepG-2 human liver cancer cell line. Compound 3 also showed weak cytotoxicity against the BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell line and the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line with IC50 values of 16.75 µM and 16.59 µM, respectively. A chemiluminescence assay for antioxidant status of isolated compounds implied compounds 11 and 20, which showed weak activity with IC50 values of 25.56 µM and 21.20 µM, respectively.

The main chemical constituents of the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) are flavonoids, quinones, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids, which show anticancer, antitumor, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, insecticidal, and other pharmacological effects. This paper summarizes research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of compounds from the genus Polygonum in last 15 years.

本文结合国内外文献,总结了作者从美丽獐牙菜中获得的山酮类化合物的结构特征及其UV、IR、NMR、MS波谱学规律.着重分析了(口山)酮的NMR数据,总结出了依据羟基和羰基的δ值确定其取代类型,跟据糖端基质子的化学位移值及耦合常数来判断连接位置和构型的核磁共振波谱规律.为今后进一步分析鉴定(口山)酮类化合物结构及进行波谱数据的归属提供理论基础.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots and rhizomes of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens led to the isolation and identification of 31 compounds ( 1-31 ), 25 of which ( 1-2 , 4-7 , 9-12 , 15-18 , 21-31 ) were isolated from the Pileostegia genus for the first time. 7α-Hydroxyfriedelan-3-one-26-ol-29-oic acid ( 1 ) is a new friedelane-type triterpene. The structure of n -butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside ( 2 ) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 4 and 12 displayed marginal cytotoxicity against the P388 murine leukemia cell line with IC 50 values of 13.4 μM and 25.0 μM, respectively. Compound 23 exhibited marginal anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, with an IC 50 value of 32.0 μM. Compounds 3 , 8-10 , 25 , and 27 were phytotoxic to the dicot Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and/or the monocot Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass).

Phytochemical investigation of the roots and rhizomes of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens led to the isolation and identification of 31 compounds (1-31), 25 of which (1-2, 4-7, 9-12, 15-18, 21-31) were isolated from the Pileostegia genus for the first time. 7α-Hydroxyfriedelan-3-one-26-ol-29-oic acid (1) is a new friedelane-type triterpene. The structure of n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (2) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 4 and 12 displayed marginal cytotoxicity against the P388 murine leukemia cell line with IC50 values of 13.4 μM and 25.0 μM, respectively. Compound 23 exhibited marginal anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, with an IC50 value of 32.0 μM. Compounds 3, 8-10, 25, and 27 were phytotoxic to the dicot Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and/or the monocot Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass).