В настоящее время канифоль и скипидар являются остродефицитными и дорогостоящими продуктами из-за мирового кризиса производства. Уровень развития канифольно-скипидарного производства определяется потребностью многих отраслей народного хозяйства в канифоли и скипидаре и продуктах на их основе. Каждый новый период канифольно-скипидарного производства выдвигал свои требования и задачи перед промышленностью и наукой. Все исследования проходили по двум основным направлениям: замена живичной канифоли высокоэффективными продуктами на основе экстракционной и талловой канифоли и разработка заменителей на основе химического и нефтехимического сырья. Впервые в мировой практике лесохимии предложено получение новых малеиновых смол – канифолетерпеностирольномалеиновых – заменителей канифоли, полученных путем обработки смеси терпентина и стирола малеиновым ангидридом. Для определения состава аддуктов были использованы методы ИК и ЯМР спектроскопии. Полученные продукты представляют собой многокомпонентные сплавы из малеопимаровой кислоты, аддуктов терпеновых углеводородов с малеиновым ангидридом, стирольномалеинового аддукта и смоляных кислот, не реагирующих с малеиновым ангидридом. Аддукты могут являться ценным лесохимическим сырьем для синтеза на их основе соответствующих эфиров, резинатов, имидов и т. д. Таким образом, нами разработан совершенно новый эффективный лесохимический продукт, который превосходит известные сосновую живичную канифоль и терпеномалеиновый и канифолетерпеномалеиновый аддукты и не уступает по своим физико-химическим свойствам канифольномалеиновому аддукту.

The thermal transformations of anionites synthesized on the basis of a polyacrylonitrile fiber are studied. During the heat treatment of the weakly basic anionite FIBAN A-5, the cleavage of amino groups occurs via two routes. In the case of the strongly basic anionite FIBAN A-6, dealkylation and deamination occur during heating and the dealkylation of quaternary amino groups accompanied by formation of tertiary amino groups predominates. The thermal degradation of anionites proceeds much more intensely in an aqueous medium than in an atmosphere of inert gas owing to participation of water hydroxyl in the mentioned reactions.

Previously unknown 1-[2-aryl(quinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]-3-[aryl(quinolin-2-yl)]benzo[f]quinolines and 3-aryl-1-(2-arylethenyl)-4,7-phenanthrolines were synthesized by reactions of 1-methylbenzo[f]quinolines and 1-methyl-4,7-phenanthrolines with substituted N-benzylideneanilines and N-(quinolin-2-ylmethylidene)aniline on heating in dimethylformamide in the presence of potassium hydroxide.

Structure of fibrous chelate ion exchangers FIBAN X-1 and FIBAN X-2 prepared by a two-step synthesis was studied by IR Fourier spectroscopy. The first step of the ion exchanger preparation consists in the production of an aminated fiber (AF). The process can be carried out in different phases: either vapor, or aqueous. It is found that conditions of the synthesis of AF affect differently the ion exchanger structure. For the ion exchanger FIBAN X-1 it does not a matter in which phase is AF synthesized, and the FIBAN X-1 sorbent has amidoamine structure. The structure of chelate ion exchanger FIBAN X-2 depends on the conditions of the synthesis of AF. When the process is carried out in aqueous medium the FIBAN X-2 has amidoamine structure, while amination in the vapor phase leads to formation of the FIBAN X-2 ion exchanger mainly containing in its structure imidazoline rings.

The thermal conversion of calcium sulfite into calcium sulfate in air was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and ESR and IR spectroscopy. The water of crystallization of CaSO 3 · 0.5H 2 O was found to be involved in the formation of the heat-generated radical ion SO 2 − . A thermolysis mechanism is suggested.

A series of selenium-containing complex salts of L-lysine and L-arginine has been synthesized. Some physicochemical characteristics of selenium-containing amino acids are reported.

A series of selenium-containing complex salts of L-lysine and L-arginine have been synthesized. Some physicochemical characteristics of selenium-containing amino acids are reported.

A new kind of sulfonic cation exchanger based on carbonized fiber modified with poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) was prepared by radiation grafting. The structural features and thermal stability of the cation exchangers prepared were studied.

It was shown that the mechanism of thermostabilization of the substituted chromium form of the fibrous sulfo cation-exchanger Fiban K-1 is due to the formation of chromium complexes and polystyrene sulfonicacid and then sulfates.

Vacuum thermal degradation of palladium-containing samples of Fiban K-1 fibrous sulfonic cation exchanger in the H form, fabricated by ion exchange and reduced with hydrazine hydrate, was investigated by IR spectroscopy. It is shown that the presence of reduced palladium in a highly disperse state in the matrix of the ion exchanger causes the most rapid decrease in water bound as the “water—water” type and an increase in the amount of water bound with a sulfo group. It was found that carbonyl-containing complexes are formed in vacuum thermal degradation of palladium-containing samples.

The effect of magnesium and copper cations on the thermal degradation of the FIBAN K-1 fibrous sulfocationite was studied by differential thermal analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR and ESR spectroscopy. It was shown that the Mg-form of the sulfocationite holds water most strongly. In contrast to the H- and Cuforms of the ionite, the rearrangement of sulfo groups from a dissociated to nondissociated state is not typical of the Mg-form, independently of the evacuation temperature (up to 360°C). As a result, the thermal degradation process related to the desulfurization of the ionite is significantly hampered. ESR spectroscopy data also confirm that the carbon-containing matrix of the sulfocationite in the Mg-form exhibits the highest thermal stability.

By the method of IR Fourier spectroscopy with the use of numerical differentiation of spectral line profiles we have studied the spectra of some structural and functional derivatives of immunotropic 8-azasteroids in the region of C=O and C=C bonds (1800–1400 cm −1 ). We have established the dependence of vibration frequencies of the C=O and C=C groups on the size of the ring D , the presence of heteroatoms (O, S) in the ring D , transformations in the α-acyl-β-aminovinylcarbonyl fragment and in its adjacent positions of the heterosteroid skeleton, and the composite character of the absorption bands that are due to the vibrations of the C=O and C=C groups. The role of the structural and stereoelectronic factors in the observed group frequencies of 8-azasteroids is discussed.

The IR spectra of biologically active molecules of 8-azasteroids and model compounds in the region of C=O, C=C, C--N, and C--H vibrations (1800–1400 cm −1 ) have been studied in detail. The structure of compounds containing isostructural and isoelectronic α--acyl--β--aminovinylcarbonyl and α--acyl--β--alkoxyvinylcarbonyl fragments have been analyzed. Interpretation of the structure of the IR spectra and of the specificity of the manifestation of the vibrational modes under consideration in the molecules of a particular class of 8-azasteroids is given. The electronic structure of the molecules under investigation complies with the model of mesomeric tautomerism of the aminovinyldicarbonyl fragment.

An analysis of the complex absorption profile of hydrargillite in the region of stretching vibrations of the OH bond has been performed with the use of the method of direct fitting of the second-derivative curve. The observed profile is shown to contain an intense broad absorption band masked by eight mutually overlapping relatively narrow bands of structural OH groups of aluminum trihydroxide. The revealed broad absorption band is apparently due to the stretching vibrations of water molecules localized in the trihydroxide structure and the stretching vibrations of structural OH groups interacting with them via the hydrogen bond. An estimation of the basic spectral characteristics of the absorption bands forming the complex profile has been performed.

Using the IR spectroscopy method, we have studied the state of water, sulfogroups, and adsorbed methanol in a Fiban K-1 fibrous cationite under different conditions of preparation of a sample. It is shown that on an air-dried cationite protonation of methanol is performed by the ionic pair [(H 2 n +1 O n ) + ·SO 3 − ] after vacuum treatment at 20°C and by the ionic pair [H + ·SO 3 − ] after vacuum treatment at 90°C.

The thermal degradation of FIBAN K-l fibrous copper-containing and copper-free cationites was studied by differential thermal analysis, IR and ESR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic absorptive analysis. It was shown that Cu2+ ions strongly influence the processes that proceed during the sample heating in the range from 315 to 340 degreesC. It was demonstrated that the state of copper and the concentration of its paramagnetic ions vary with temperature.

Interaction between organoaluminum compounds (triethylaluminum, ethoxydiethylaluminum, and diethoxyethylaluminum) and the surface of silica activated at various temperatures (200–800 °C) was studied by IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and quantum chemistry. Formation of structural silanon defects on the surface of silica activated at 800 °C was considered. It was established that the fraction of terminal silanol groups involved in the interaction with organoaluminum compounds on the surface of silica thermoactivated above 600 °C is low, and siloxane bonds and structural surface defects play a determining role. The thermodynamic favorability of coordination of organoaluminum compounds on these active surface centers is shown. The structure and routes of decomposition of aluminum-containing surface intermediates were studied.

The interaction of diethylzinc with Aerosil has been examined by IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The reaction involves both free hydroxyl groups and siloxane groups of the surface resulting in the formation of ≡Si-O-Zn-Et and ≡Si-Et fragments. At temperatures above 300 °C, these structures undergo decomposition with the recovery of ≡Si-OH groups on the Aerosil surface and liberation of metallic zinc.