The objective of this experiment was to study the development mechanism of muscle in Rugao chicken.The gene expression of Rugao chicken in muscle was analyzed during the different periods(2-12 week old) by GeneChip.The expression profiles of 13 379 differentially expressed genes were obtained,and the great changes of gene expression in muscle took place at chicken different growth stages.Compared with 2 week old,the number of down-regulated genes at 4 and 12 week old were more than that of up-regulated genes,while the number of down-regulated genes at 6,8 and 10 week old were less than that of up-regulated genes.The clustering analysis of hybridization data was also carried out to indicate gene expression at different growth stages.The differential expressions of four genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR,and the results indicated that the expression changes of these genes were generally consistent with the results of GeneChip.Expression profiles of different growth times were constructed in order to establish dynamic expression profiles,by which the responsive genes affecting muscle growtn were entirely acquired,and the growth and development mechanisms of muscle at different growth stages were also revealed in Rugao chicken.

Microarray containing 13 319 probes was used to construct gene expression profile in order to screen differentially expressed genes of muscle tissue in recessive white chicken and investigate the molecular mechanism related with muscle tissue traits between the two groups.78 differentially expressed genes,of which 39 are known genes,34 up-regulated,44 down-regulated,being involved in growth,molecular mechanism,immune system process,biosynthetic process,cell communication,protein synthesis and degradation were screened out.Meanwhile,some genes among all these differentially expressed genes that had no annotation in GenBank were screened out;they were presumed to be unknown new genes.The roles that they may play in chicken fat metabolism need to clarify later.

采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序法对安卡鸡、文昌鸡和如皋鸡中GARS-AIRS-GART基因的第21号外显子进行SNPs检测.结果发现该外显子含4个核苷酸多态位点:G29943A、C29968T、T30011C和C30017T,其中3处为非同义突变,分别为:29 943处天冬氨酸(Asp)→天冬酰胺(Asn)、30 011处色氨酸(Trp)→精氨酸(Arg)、30 017处精氨酸(Arg)→半胱氨酸(Cys);另一处为同义突变.对多态位点进行单倍型分析,发现12种单倍型,其中两种单倍型(5号和6号)的频率超过10%,分别为0.330 0和0.162 8,1号、3号、9号和10号单倍型频率介于1%～10%之间,其余都小于1%.另外共检测到11种基因型,存在5种等位基因,安卡鸡的D和E等位基因的基因频率较高,基因型与其它两个鸡品种之间都存在着极显著的差异(P<0.01),表明我国地方鸡种和外来鸡种在遗传组成上存在着差异.本研究将为鸡肉品质相关研究积累基础数据,为今后深入开展肉品质的开发利用奠定理论基础.

A total of 72 Rugao chicken(RG) and 55 Recessive White chicken(RW),which belong to Chinese native chicken breeds and introduced breeds respectively,were selected randomly and incubated at the same stage.The value of immune traits was detected.PCR-SSCP technique was applied to analyze the correlation between the polymorphisms of Nramp1 gene and immune traits in RG and RW.The results showed thatthe heterophil/lymphocyte(H/L) value,lymphocyte transformation rate and the content of IgM of RG and RW were significantly different(P0.05).H/L value of AA genotype was significantly lower than that of BB genotype and AB genotype,while the AA genotype's lymphocyte transformation rate and IgM were significantly higher than those of the BB genotype in both RG and RW.The results demonstrated that the general immune performance of RG was superior to that of RW.The general immune performance of AA genotype was superior to that of BB genotype and AB genotype.

The aim of the present study was to detect single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in some areas of IL-1β gene of chicken to find genetic marker influencing on IL-1 content in serum.Two pairs of primers were designed according to the sequence of IL-1β gene of red jungle fowls,and the SNP of Rugao chicken(RG),Wenchang chicken(WC),and Anka chicken(AK) were analysed by PCR-SSCP,meanwhile,the IL-1 content in serum were detected at 56 days with reagent kit by ELISA.The results showed that the IL-1 content in serum of AK was significantly higher than that of RG(P0.01) and WC(P0.001).The mutation were found at four sites in all three breeds,and they were mutation G→A at 476 site,mutation T→C at 482 site,mutation C→T at 1 215 site and mutation T→C at 1 507 site.Then,the correlation between polymorphic sites and content of IL-1 were analysed,and only 1 215 site had relationship with IL-1 content in serum,which showed that chicken with TT genotype had significantly higher IL-1 content in serum than those with CC genotype.This study indicated that the 1 215 polymorphic site could be a genetic marker for IL-1content in serum.

[Objective]The SNPs of IL-1β gene and their correlations with some immune traits were tested. [Method]A pair of primers were designed as the sequence of IL-1 β of red jungle fowls,and the SNPs of intron 1 and 2 of IL-1β gene in Rugao Chicken(RG),Wenchang Chieken(WC),and Anka Chicken(AK) were detected using PCR-SSCP.Meanwhile,concentration of IL-1,H/L value,SRBC andbody filer,ND antibody tiler and AI antibody filer were detected at 56 days of age.Then,the correlation between SNP sites and immune traits were analyzed. [Results]Totally 6 SNP sites were detected at T107G,T130A,C143T,A208C,T241G and T274C.Furthermore,the mutation at 107,208,241 and 274 sites were found association with immune traits (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and some genotype combinations significantly affected H/L value and ND antibody tiler (P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The mutation at 241 site may be selected as a new candidate mark in disease resistance breeding because of its better performance in three immune traits than that of wild type chickens.Selecting breeder chickens by genotype combinations had more effect than by single.genotype of SNPs.

The present study compared some immune traits to evaluate the disease resistance of different chicken breeds.Random samples of 80 chickens from each population of Rugao Chicken (RG),Wenchang Chicken (WC),and Anka Chicken(AK) were partitioned into A and B groups.Each group had an injection of 0.5 mL and 1 mL of 25% suspension of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) at 49 days of age,respectively.The value of heterophil/lymphocyte(H/L) at 41,56,71and 89 days of age,SRBC antibody titer at 56,71and 89 days old,and the antibody of Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza(AI) at 30,41,56,71 and 89 days of age were detected,respectively.The results showed as follows:The difference of H/L value existed between different breeds in the same days of age,but it became smaller along with time.H/L value in RG changed less than that of other breeds,however,WC and AK had obvious change from high to low level.The SRBC antibody titer of three breeds got the highest at 56 days,the highest with WC and the lowest AK(P0.05).Moreover,there were significant differences between them.The sensitivities to different dosages of breeds were different except RG.ND antibody titer of three breeds had the change,variable,though the AK's antibody titer was in the mid of RG and WC before the third immunity,it was extremely significantly higher than the other two breeds of chicken after that period (P0.01).There were insignificant difference of AI antibody titer between RG and WC in all test time except 56 day,meanwhile antibody titer of AK was extremely significantly lower than that of the other two breeds in all test time(P0.001).This study showed that the immune traits were different between chicken breeds,and Chinese chicken breeds had the some advantage of outside breeds.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the exon 21 in GARS-AIRS-GART gene in Anka chickens, Wenchang and Rugao chickens were studied with PCR-SSCP. We detected 3 non-synonymous mutations in exon 21, G29943A,T30011C,and C30017T,and the corresponding amino acid changed from aspartic (Asp),tryptapham(Trp),and arginine(Arg)to asparagine(Asn),arginine(Arg),and cysteine(Cys),respectively,1 SNPs(C29968T)was synonymous. In these chickens,12 haplotypes were reconstructed. The frequencies of 3 haplotypes were more than 10%,the rest of haplotypes less than 10%. Moreover,11 genotypes and 5 alleles were found in three breeds. The D,E alleles of Anka chickens were relatively high,which genotype was significanly different (P0.01) from that of other two species. It indicates that Chinese local chicken breeds are different from alien species in genetic composition.

随机抽取如皋、文昌和安卡鸡各80只,经新城疫和禽流感免疫后分别于30、41、56、71和89日龄检测抗体水平变化。结果表明,如皋鸡公母抗体水平无明显差异,而文昌鸡和安卡鸡在性别之间差异显著。文昌鸡新城疫抗体在所有检测日龄均低于如皋鸡和安卡鸡,而安卡鸡禽流感抗体在所有检测日龄均极显著低于如皋鸡和文昌鸡(P<0.01)。本研究初步表明,就新城疫和禽流感而言,不同鸡种以及性别之间的免疫性能存在明显差异。

对45周龄雪山草鸡的10种不合格种蛋与合格种蛋的孵化效果进行比较,从而探索不合格种蛋再利用的可行性。结果显示:10种不合格种蛋与正常蛋之间的受精率差异极显著(P<0.01);在孵化率方面粉壳蛋与正常蛋之间差异不显著(P>0.05);过长蛋和粉壳蛋的健雏率与正常蛋的健雏率差异不显著(P>0.05),其余的异常蛋与正常蛋之间差异显著(P<0.05)。经济效益分析表明,大头小尾蛋、过长蛋、过圆蛋和粉壳蛋入孵比出售赢利更多,建议对上述几种蛋进行入孵而不作商品蛋出售。

The eggs of Xueshan chicken at 26 weeks age classified according to different weight were put into hatching,and the influence of egg weight on hatching effect was analyzed.The results indicated that the hatching effect of egg weight between 41.1 g and 57.0 g was the best.The fertility,percentage of live embryos,hatchability of setting eggs, hatchability of the live embryos and percentage of the healthy chicks of egg weight between 37.1 g and 41.0 g were all significandy lower than other groups.At 18 days embryo age the relative weight-loss of egg weight between 41.1 g and 57.0 g was lower than that of others(P<0.01).The lower the relative weight-loss of the eggs was,the higher hatchability of setting eggs was.Proper breeding egg weight should be considered for hatching in production.