为了解江苏省肉鸡产业设施装备应用情况,试验采用随机抽样调查的方法,对全省12市173家肉鸡养殖场的基本情况,以及饲料加工、饲喂和环境控制、粪便收集、废弃物处理、消毒防疫、视频监控等设施装备情况进行现场调研.结果显示:规模场在饲喂、环境控制、粪便收集、视频监控方面的机械装备情况优于小散户,而小散户更倾向于配备饲料加工机械装备,不同规模的养殖场消毒防疫设施设备配备率均较高,在粪便和病死鸡无害化处理方面,养殖场都更倾向于社会化服务.进一步分析发现,规模水平对饲料加工、饲喂、粪便收集、视频监控等设施装备应用比例以及视频监控覆盖区域存在显著影响(P＜0.05),鸡舍类型对环境自动控制设备应用比例存在显著影响(P＜0.05),养殖方式对粪便收集设备应用比例存在显著影响(P＜0.05),社会化服务对粪便及病死鸡无害化处理设施设备的应用比例和数量存在显著影响(P＜0.05).研究提示,肉鸡规模养殖场设施装备的种类和数量普遍优于小散户,同时,江苏省肉鸡养殖设施装备还受鸡舍类型、养殖方式、社会化服务水平等因素影响.

2019年以来,为缓解生猪养殖与土地资源紧缺的矛盾,各地积极探索"向空中谋地"的楼房养猪模式,为生猪生产向规模化、集约化发展提供了新思路.笔者拟对楼房养猪模式现状进行阶段性分析探讨,并针对性地提出对策建议,为后续楼房养猪模式发展提供一定参考.

为加强生猪市场研判,指导生猪生产,该研究以2008年1月—2022年9月江苏省9个农畜产品价格变量和8个生猪生产相关变量作为研究对象,分析生猪价格变化规律,利用绘制散点图、相关分析和多元线性回归分析研究生猪价格和其他变量之间的关系,并优选变量建立生猪价格预测模型.结果显示,生猪价格表现出明显的周期性,除小麦麸价格和育肥猪配合饲料价格两个变量与生猪价格之间无显著相关外,其余变量均与生猪价格呈极显著相关(P<0.01),生猪价格回归方程保留了5月前仔猪价格等8个变量,具有较好的拟合度(R2=0.992),以5月前仔猪价格等4个前期变量建立的生猪价格预测模型预测的价格变化趋势与实际监测价格一致,在一定的涨跌幅度内能够较好地预测生猪价格.

江苏既是经济大省,也是农业大省,农业现代化进程走在全国前列.近年来,江苏省上下紧紧围绕现代畜牧业建设,克服环境整治压力、非洲猪瘟冲击和新冠肺炎疫情影响等不利因素,着力补短板、强弱项、促转型,畜牧业呈现"生产发展趋稳、产业素质向优、产业体系渐全、科技创新加快、发展方式转绿"的发展态势.2021年,江苏省肉类总产量304.1万吨、禽蛋产量230.3万吨、奶类产量64.9万吨,分别位居全国第13位、第5位、第13位,畜牧业产值连续11年超千亿元.江苏以占全国1.1％的国土面积生产出占全国3.4％的肉类、6.8％的禽蛋和1.8％的牛奶,较好满足了人民群众对畜禽产品的消费需求.然而,对照新形势新要求,畜牧业仍然面临着区域发展不平衡、产品供给不平衡等问题,内部结构上还存在生产效能不高、产业链融合不深等短板.面对新老问题交织、新旧矛盾叠加的复杂情况,如何立足省情实际,因地制宜,探索出富有江苏特色的畜牧业发展之路,既是一个重要课题,也是一种使命担当.

江苏是我国畜牧业大省,也是我国鸡蛋主产区之一,2019年,全省蛋鸡存栏1.98亿只,鸡蛋产量186.3万吨,均居全国前5位.蛋鸡产业作为江苏畜牧业的重要组成部分,在带动农业增效、促进农民增收、保障“菜篮子”供应等方面发挥了重要作用.江苏现代农业(蛋鸡)产业技术体系产业经济岗位在查阅近年生产数据与抽样调研基础上,分析了江苏省蛋鸡产业现状和问题,提出了针对性发展建议.

一 全省畜产品加工业概况 据调研,2018年全省共有省级以上畜产品加工龙头企业89个,职工总人数27 552人,固定资产总值173.4亿元,其中加工设备总值44.6亿元;日加工初加工产品6 742.7吨,精深加工产品2305.8吨;加工企业共有自有养殖基地215个,合作养殖基地15 487个.2018年产品总销量293.5万吨、销售额379亿元,净利润2.5亿元.

The construction status about quality-safety inspection and detection system for agricultural products in China in recent years was ana-lyzed, and the active role was pointed out.The problems which existed in construction and running were discussed.In addition, the targeted sug-gestions were offered, and it was hoped that the inspection and detection system could play a better role in the safety supervision and management of agricultural products.

The related research of piglet nutrition is always a hot spot in the field of animal nutrition research.Starting from the function research of nutrients(protein,trace elements,polysaccharide,acidification agent,etc.) and additives,the research achievements of piglet nutrition and health care in China in recent years were reviewed.The studies on new materials in piglet nutrients and new technologies of piglet nutrition were expounded.

This paper aims to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene of chicken and find genetic marker of IL-1 concentration traits. SNPs of IL-1 beta gene and IL-1 concentration in blood serum in Rugao (RG), Wenchang (WC), and Anka Chicken (AK) were detected by SSCP-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The results showed that IL-1 concentration in blood serum of AK was extremely significantly higher than that of RG and WC. Four mutations were found in all 3 breeds, G476A, T482C, C1215T and T1507C. The genotype distribution of RG chicken at site nt476 was extremely significantly different from WC and AK, whereas there was no significant difference between WC and AK. Significant correlations were found between C1215T and IL-1 concentration in 3 chickens breeds, showing that IL-1 concentration of TT genotype chicken was significantly higher than that of CC. The results demonstrated that the genotype distributions at SNP sites presented significant difference among three breeds, and the site nt1215 could be a genetic marker of IL-1 concentration traits in RG.

近期,新一轮的禽流感疫情闹得沸沸扬扬,截止5月31日,全国共确诊人感染H7N9禽流感病例131人,其中死亡39例,死亡比例为19.2％,严重影响人们对禽类产品的消费信心,全国禽蛋和禽肉需求急剧下滑,家禽产品价格大幅下跌,导致整个养殖行业受到严重影响,经济损失难以估量.影响最为严重的上海、浙江、安徽、江苏等省市纷纷出台政策,采用养殖补贴,保护价收购等措施积极扶持家禽产业的发展.

The components of fatty acids in Wenchang chicken were analyzed by gas chromatogrphy-mass spectrometry technology(GC-MS),and the relative content of each fatty acid were calculated.16 kinds of fatty acids were seperated from Wenchang chicken.Among them,7 kinds of fatty acids,including lauric anid,myristic acid,pentadecanoic acid,palmitic acid,margaric,stearic acid and eicosanoic,were saturated fatty acids.The content of those 7 fatty acids were 0.75%,1.23%,0.43%,23.86%,2.04%,11.18%,0.13%,accounts for 39.63% of the total fatty acid.9 kinds of fatty acids,including 11-teteadecenoic acid,9-hexadecenoic acid,9-vaccenic acid,9,12-octadecadienoic acid,6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid,11-eicosenoic acid,10,13-eicosenoic,7,10,13-eicosatriennoic and 5,8,11,14-arachidonic acid,were unsaturated fatty acids.The contens of 9 kinds of fatty acids were 0.15%,1.79%,25.84%,21.99%,0.48%,0.32%,0.45%,0.61%,8.75%,accounts for 60.37% of the total fatty acid.The polyunsaturates fatty acids accounted for 32.29% of the total fatty acids and the essential fatty acids accounted for 31.23%.The results provided the basis for analysis on fatty acid acid component and evaluation on the nutritive value.

The aim of the present study was to detect single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in some areas of IL-1β gene of chicken to find genetic marker influencing on IL-1 content in serum.Two pairs of primers were designed according to the sequence of IL-1β gene of red jungle fowls,and the SNP of Rugao chicken(RG),Wenchang chicken(WC),and Anka chicken(AK) were analysed by PCR-SSCP,meanwhile,the IL-1 content in serum were detected at 56 days with reagent kit by ELISA.The results showed that the IL-1 content in serum of AK was significantly higher than that of RG(P0.01) and WC(P0.001).The mutation were found at four sites in all three breeds,and they were mutation G→A at 476 site,mutation T→C at 482 site,mutation C→T at 1 215 site and mutation T→C at 1 507 site.Then,the correlation between polymorphic sites and content of IL-1 were analysed,and only 1 215 site had relationship with IL-1 content in serum,which showed that chicken with TT genotype had significantly higher IL-1 content in serum than those with CC genotype.This study indicated that the 1 215 polymorphic site could be a genetic marker for IL-1content in serum.

[Objective]The SNPs of IL-1β gene and their correlations with some immune traits were tested. [Method]A pair of primers were designed as the sequence of IL-1 β of red jungle fowls,and the SNPs of intron 1 and 2 of IL-1β gene in Rugao Chicken(RG),Wenchang Chieken(WC),and Anka Chicken(AK) were detected using PCR-SSCP.Meanwhile,concentration of IL-1,H/L value,SRBC andbody filer,ND antibody tiler and AI antibody filer were detected at 56 days of age.Then,the correlation between SNP sites and immune traits were analyzed. [Results]Totally 6 SNP sites were detected at T107G,T130A,C143T,A208C,T241G and T274C.Furthermore,the mutation at 107,208,241 and 274 sites were found association with immune traits (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and some genotype combinations significantly affected H/L value and ND antibody tiler (P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The mutation at 241 site may be selected as a new candidate mark in disease resistance breeding because of its better performance in three immune traits than that of wild type chickens.Selecting breeder chickens by genotype combinations had more effect than by single.genotype of SNPs.

The present study compared some immune traits to evaluate the disease resistance of different chicken breeds.Random samples of 80 chickens from each population of Rugao Chicken (RG),Wenchang Chicken (WC),and Anka Chicken(AK) were partitioned into A and B groups.Each group had an injection of 0.5 mL and 1 mL of 25% suspension of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) at 49 days of age,respectively.The value of heterophil/lymphocyte(H/L) at 41,56,71and 89 days of age,SRBC antibody titer at 56,71and 89 days old,and the antibody of Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza(AI) at 30,41,56,71 and 89 days of age were detected,respectively.The results showed as follows:The difference of H/L value existed between different breeds in the same days of age,but it became smaller along with time.H/L value in RG changed less than that of other breeds,however,WC and AK had obvious change from high to low level.The SRBC antibody titer of three breeds got the highest at 56 days,the highest with WC and the lowest AK(P0.05).Moreover,there were significant differences between them.The sensitivities to different dosages of breeds were different except RG.ND antibody titer of three breeds had the change,variable,though the AK's antibody titer was in the mid of RG and WC before the third immunity,it was extremely significantly higher than the other two breeds of chicken after that period (P0.01).There were insignificant difference of AI antibody titer between RG and WC in all test time except 56 day,meanwhile antibody titer of AK was extremely significantly lower than that of the other two breeds in all test time(P0.001).This study showed that the immune traits were different between chicken breeds,and Chinese chicken breeds had the some advantage of outside breeds.

A pair of primers P-in1 were designed according to the sequences of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) gene mRNA in duck and A-FABP gene in chicken to amplify muscovy A-FABP intron-1, then 5 pairs of primers were designed according to the cloned gene. The SNPs were detected by technique of PCR-SSCP, confirmed by sequencing, then studied the association of polymorphisms of A-FABP gene with the slaughter trait, meat quality trait and content of intramuscular fat and serum triglyceride. The results indicated that the product of primer P-in1 included partial exon-1, exon-2 and complete intron-1 after cloned and sequenced and homologous comparison with muscovy and duck, chicken A-FABP gene, was 94.43% and 75.1%. T-G at 1 074 and A-C at 1 089 nucleotide mu-tation were found in the products of primer P3, which resulted in 3 genotypes and the results of Chi-Square test showed that the groups was fit with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The least square analysis showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) between AA and AB genotype birds in percentage of breast muscle,pH value and IMF. The results suggested that the polymorphisms of intron 1 of A-FABP gene have a certain effect on performance trait.

The early bodyweight of White Muscovy with different gender were measured,and three nonlinear curves of Logistic,Von Bertalanffy and Gompertz model were used to fit the growth curve in this study.The results showed that White Muscovy grown slowly before the age of 4 weeks,but the male Muscovy showed higher growth rate than female duck after this stage.The Gompertz model generated the best effect concerned with goodness of fit(R2),residual sum of squares(E),and suitability of χ2 test.Further more,the fitting parameters of Gompertz model between genders were compared,the male Muscovy showed higher initial weight,mature weight,largest weight gain per week and inflection point weight and lower initial growth rate than female Muscovy.The inflection age of male Muscovy was 7.03 weeks and female Muscovy was 5.37 weeks,respectively.The relative growth rate of male Muscovy was lower than female before 4 weeks but higher after 4 weeks and the difference of absolute growth rate was high between genders.

Studies on the law of body growth of 0~12-week-old Rugao chicken(RG),Wenchang Chicken(WC),and Anka Chicken(AK),and the nonlinear curves of Logistic model were used to fit the growth model.The result s were as follows.There were significant differences(P0.05) in the body weight between male and female in 2~12-week-old,but the growth and development had the same change.There were great differences between the breeds of chickens,because the growth and development had significant differences in all time among breeds,but there was no significant difference in the relative growth rate on 6-week-old and absolute mass growth per day on 12-week-old between RG and WC,and in the relative growth rate on 10-week-old between RG and AK.All the three breeds of chickens' growth can be demostmted greatly according to Logistic model(R20.99).The predicted body weight was close to ture body weight.

The present study evaluated the stress resistance in different chicken breeds by H/L ratio.Random sampling of 80 chickens was taken from population of Rugao Chicken(RG),Wenchang Chicken(WC),and Anka Chicken(AK),respectively.The value of Heterophil(H),Lymphocyte(L) and Heterophil/Lymphocyte(H/ L) at 41,56,71 and 89 days of age was detected.The results showed that there were extremely significant differences(P<0.01) in the H,L and H/L ratio between RG and WC,as the same as RG and AK at 41 and 56 days of age,meanwhile,the same difference in H/L ratio between WC and AK were found at 89 days of age.In the same population,the H,L and H/L ratio of RG had extremely significant differences(P<0.01) between 41 and 89 days of age.The corresponding value of WC varied significantly among different days of age,which indicated that the values presented significant differences(P<0.01) between 41 and 89,as well as between 56 and 71 or 89 days of age,and significant differences(P<0.05) between 41 and 71 days of age.AK only showed significant difference(P<0.05) between 56 and 89 days of age.The results demonstrated that there were differences in resistance to stress between different chicken breeds.RG chickens had better resistance to stress than AK chickens,and WC chicken ranked third.The difference of resistance to stress between different breeds might be reduced with age.

The early bodyweight of White Muscovy,Cherry Valley duck,Sumu duck,White Muscovy♂×Cherry Valley duck♀,White Muscovy♂× Sumu duck♀ were measured,and three nonlinear curves of Logistic,Von Bertalanffy and Gompertz model were used to fit the growth curve in this study.The results showed that Gompertz model generated the best effect concerned with goodness of fit(R2),residual sum of squares(E),which the suitability of χ2 test.Further more,the fitting parameters of 5 groups fitted by Gompertz model were compared,which the results indicated that White Muscovy had higher body weight than Cherry Valley duck and Sumu duck,but initial growth rate and weight gain per week were lower than other two groups,and the inflection age was later also.There were high increase in weight gain per week,mature speed,mature weight,inflection point weight,initial weight and inflection age in the two duck crossed groups compared with pure-blood ducks,which had obvious heterosis.

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the components of fatty acids in Anak chicken.[Method] The components of fatty acids in Anak chicken were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technology(GC-MS) and the relative content of each fatty acid were calculated.[Result] 16 kinds of fatty acids were separated from Anak chicken muscle and identified.Among them,7 kinds fatty acids,including lauric acid,myristic acid,pentadecanoic acid,palmitic acid,margaric acid,stearic acid and eicosanoic acid,were saturated fatty acids and its content accounted for 38.55% of the total fatty acids;9 kinds fatty acids,including 11-teteadecenoic acid,9-hexadecenoic acid,9-vaccenic acid,9,12-octadecadienoic acid,6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid,11-eicosenoic acid,10,13-eicosenoic acid,7,10,13-eicosatriennoic acid and 5,8,11,14-arachidonic acid,were unsaturated fatty acids,and its content accounted for 61.45% of the total fatty acids.The polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 23.58% of the total fatty acids and the essential fatty acids accounted for 23.04%.[Conclusion] The research provided the basis for the analysis on fatty acid components and evaluation on the nutritive value.