This study was conducted to investigate the different temporal and spatial expression pattern of pax-7 gene in embryo stage and growth stage of chicken, aiming to explore associations between muscle development and molecular markers of pax-7 gene. Breast and leg muscle tissue were selected from 8, 16, 20 and 21 days chick embryo and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks rugao chickens. This study performed SYBR Green real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect the expression pattern of pax-7 gene. The results showed that the expression pattern of pax-7 gene was similar between breast and leg muscles which it is lower during chicken embryo and reached to the highest point at 8-10 weeks of age. Pax-7 gene was continual expressed during chicken embryo and postnatal development, not only expressed in the embryo stage. Fin. ally, we reassess current models of early patterning based on the analysis of these dynamic spatiotemporal expression patterns.

The aim of the present study was to detect single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in some areas of IL-1β gene of chicken to find genetic marker influencing on IL-1 content in serum.Two pairs of primers were designed according to the sequence of IL-1β gene of red jungle fowls,and the SNP of Rugao chicken(RG),Wenchang chicken(WC),and Anka chicken(AK) were analysed by PCR-SSCP,meanwhile,the IL-1 content in serum were detected at 56 days with reagent kit by ELISA.The results showed that the IL-1 content in serum of AK was significantly higher than that of RG(P0.01) and WC(P0.001).The mutation were found at four sites in all three breeds,and they were mutation G→A at 476 site,mutation T→C at 482 site,mutation C→T at 1 215 site and mutation T→C at 1 507 site.Then,the correlation between polymorphic sites and content of IL-1 were analysed,and only 1 215 site had relationship with IL-1 content in serum,which showed that chicken with TT genotype had significantly higher IL-1 content in serum than those with CC genotype.This study indicated that the 1 215 polymorphic site could be a genetic marker for IL-1content in serum.

Wenchang,Anka and Zang chickens were used for SNPs discovery in exon 9 of Nrampl gene using PCR-SSCP and sequencing methods.Two SNPs at C315G and C357T,and four genotypes of GG,GT,TT and AA were detected in three chicken populations.Allele T was the dominant allele in Wenchang and Zang chicken populations,while allele G was the domi-nant allele in Anka chicken population.All the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P0.05).There were no sig-nificant differences in three chicken populations(P0.05).

[Objective]The SNPs of IL-1β gene and their correlations with some immune traits were tested. [Method]A pair of primers were designed as the sequence of IL-1 β of red jungle fowls,and the SNPs of intron 1 and 2 of IL-1β gene in Rugao Chicken(RG),Wenchang Chieken(WC),and Anka Chicken(AK) were detected using PCR-SSCP.Meanwhile,concentration of IL-1,H/L value,SRBC andbody filer,ND antibody tiler and AI antibody filer were detected at 56 days of age.Then,the correlation between SNP sites and immune traits were analyzed. [Results]Totally 6 SNP sites were detected at T107G,T130A,C143T,A208C,T241G and T274C.Furthermore,the mutation at 107,208,241 and 274 sites were found association with immune traits (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and some genotype combinations significantly affected H/L value and ND antibody tiler (P＜0.05).[Conclusion]The mutation at 241 site may be selected as a new candidate mark in disease resistance breeding because of its better performance in three immune traits than that of wild type chickens.Selecting breeder chickens by genotype combinations had more effect than by single.genotype of SNPs.

The present study compared some immune traits to evaluate the disease resistance of different chicken breeds.Random samples of 80 chickens from each population of Rugao Chicken (RG),Wenchang Chicken (WC),and Anka Chicken(AK) were partitioned into A and B groups.Each group had an injection of 0.5 mL and 1 mL of 25% suspension of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) at 49 days of age,respectively.The value of heterophil/lymphocyte(H/L) at 41,56,71and 89 days of age,SRBC antibody titer at 56,71and 89 days old,and the antibody of Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza(AI) at 30,41,56,71 and 89 days of age were detected,respectively.The results showed as follows:The difference of H/L value existed between different breeds in the same days of age,but it became smaller along with time.H/L value in RG changed less than that of other breeds,however,WC and AK had obvious change from high to low level.The SRBC antibody titer of three breeds got the highest at 56 days,the highest with WC and the lowest AK(P0.05).Moreover,there were significant differences between them.The sensitivities to different dosages of breeds were different except RG.ND antibody titer of three breeds had the change,variable,though the AK's antibody titer was in the mid of RG and WC before the third immunity,it was extremely significantly higher than the other two breeds of chicken after that period (P0.01).There were insignificant difference of AI antibody titer between RG and WC in all test time except 56 day,meanwhile antibody titer of AK was extremely significantly lower than that of the other two breeds in all test time(P0.001).This study showed that the immune traits were different between chicken breeds,and Chinese chicken breeds had the some advantage of outside breeds.

This study was designed to invest the single nucleotide polymorphism and analyze the genetic specificity of the EX-FABP gene,utilize the PCR-SSCP technology and DNA sequencing,the 60 weeks of age and reproduction of the 12-week-old Ru-gao chicken as the experimental material.It detected three genotypes,two SNP mutations,4271 G/A,4281 G/A respectively.The results showed that the content of AA type was the mostly at the 60-week-old,significantly higher than the AB type(P0.05),using the least-squares significant difference test.At the 12-week-old,the AB type was in the highest levels,as well as the BB type was minimum in three genotypes.The intramuscular fat content at 60-week-old was significantly lower than that of the 12-week-old(P0.05).

The early bodyweight of White Muscovy with different gender were measured,and three nonlinear curves of Logistic,Von Bertalanffy and Gompertz model were used to fit the growth curve in this study.The results showed that White Muscovy grown slowly before the age of 4 weeks,but the male Muscovy showed higher growth rate than female duck after this stage.The Gompertz model generated the best effect concerned with goodness of fit(R2),residual sum of squares(E),and suitability of χ2 test.Further more,the fitting parameters of Gompertz model between genders were compared,the male Muscovy showed higher initial weight,mature weight,largest weight gain per week and inflection point weight and lower initial growth rate than female Muscovy.The inflection age of male Muscovy was 7.03 weeks and female Muscovy was 5.37 weeks,respectively.The relative growth rate of male Muscovy was lower than female before 4 weeks but higher after 4 weeks and the difference of absolute growth rate was high between genders.

Studies on the law of body growth of 0~12-week-old Rugao chicken(RG),Wenchang Chicken(WC),and Anka Chicken(AK),and the nonlinear curves of Logistic model were used to fit the growth model.The result s were as follows.There were significant differences(P0.05) in the body weight between male and female in 2~12-week-old,but the growth and development had the same change.There were great differences between the breeds of chickens,because the growth and development had significant differences in all time among breeds,but there was no significant difference in the relative growth rate on 6-week-old and absolute mass growth per day on 12-week-old between RG and WC,and in the relative growth rate on 10-week-old between RG and AK.All the three breeds of chickens' growth can be demostmted greatly according to Logistic model(R20.99).The predicted body weight was close to ture body weight.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the exon 21 in GARS-AIRS-GART gene in Anka chickens, Wenchang and Rugao chickens were studied with PCR-SSCP. We detected 3 non-synonymous mutations in exon 21, G29943A,T30011C,and C30017T,and the corresponding amino acid changed from aspartic (Asp),tryptapham(Trp),and arginine(Arg)to asparagine(Asn),arginine(Arg),and cysteine(Cys),respectively,1 SNPs(C29968T)was synonymous. In these chickens,12 haplotypes were reconstructed. The frequencies of 3 haplotypes were more than 10%,the rest of haplotypes less than 10%. Moreover,11 genotypes and 5 alleles were found in three breeds. The D,E alleles of Anka chickens were relatively high,which genotype was significanly different (P0.01) from that of other two species. It indicates that Chinese local chicken breeds are different from alien species in genetic composition.

随机抽取如皋、文昌和安卡鸡各80只,经新城疫和禽流感免疫后分别于30、41、56、71和89日龄检测抗体水平变化。结果表明,如皋鸡公母抗体水平无明显差异,而文昌鸡和安卡鸡在性别之间差异显著。文昌鸡新城疫抗体在所有检测日龄均低于如皋鸡和安卡鸡,而安卡鸡禽流感抗体在所有检测日龄均极显著低于如皋鸡和文昌鸡(P<0.01)。本研究初步表明,就新城疫和禽流感而言,不同鸡种以及性别之间的免疫性能存在明显差异。

[Objective] The aim was to research development rule of muscle fiber in different breeds of duck during different developmental stages.[Method] Cherry valley duck,Suma duck,Jinding duck,White muscory duck were fed to 10 weeks to investigate the ultrastructure of muscle fiber by electron microscope,and the myofibril diameter and sarcomere length were determined.[Result] The diameter of myofibril increased with age.The biggest at eight weeks,then keeping stable or decreased,and Suma duck had significant difference with other varieties at six weeks(P0.05).Sarcomere length of Suma duck and White muscory duck was longer than other two ducks.Basic characteristics of muscle fiber ultrastructure are consistent in these breeds.[Conclusion] The result has important meaning for duck breeding.