丹曲林钠作为抢救罕见病恶性高热(malignant hyperthermia, MH)的"孤儿药"，1979年才被美国FDA批准投入临床使用。丹曲林钠的应用将MH的病死率从70%下降至8%以下 [1]。截至2020年，我国MH病死率亦由73.5% [2]降至45.7%(中国大陆) [3]。近几年，基础及临床研究均表明，丹曲林钠具有保护细胞和组织免受缺血、缺氧、心力衰竭等引起的损伤，改善中枢神经系统退行性疾病的潜力。本文就丹曲林钠在中枢神经系统退行性疾病及心、脑、肝、肾、肠道等重要脏器保护方面的研究进展进行综述。

目的 探究皮肤外用PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD融合蛋白(简称SOD融合蛋白)在防治皮肤自然老化过程中的有效性及安全性.方法 将SOD融合蛋白乳膏按乳膏中SOD活力浓度分为单乳(0 U/cm2)、乳膏A(100 U/cm2)、乳膏B(300 U/cm2)、乳膏C(900 U/cm2),以单乳、乳膏C作小鼠去毛区皮肤外用干预,观察小鼠涂抹部位皮肤刺激性、致敏性及经皮毒性.健康6周龄昆明小鼠96只,随机分为6组,采用皮下注射D-半乳糖1 000 mg/kg连续42 d建立小鼠亚急性衰老模型,空白对照组(N组)皮下注射等体积的生理盐水.除N组、模型对照组(M组),余4组空白基质组(BM组),低剂量组(LD组),中剂量组(MD组),高剂量组(HD组)涂抹单乳、乳膏A、B、C于小鼠背部脱毛区,封闭6 h后清除残余,连续28 d后,每组取8只小鼠处死,观察脱毛区皮肤组织结构、SOD活性、MDA浓度以及弹性蛋白与胶原蛋白Ⅰ含量的改变,余小鼠继续D-半乳糖干预至42 d,标本留取同上.采用SPSS23.0对实验数据进行分析.结果 ①外用安全性试验中,以900 U/cm2活性浓度涂抹SOD融合蛋白乳膏,并未发现小鼠皮肤有红斑、水疱等致敏及刺激症状.经皮毒性试验中,涂抹单乳及乳膏C两组未出现小鼠死亡,且两组的血液学、血生化、脏器质量等指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②在自然老化试验中,与BM组相比,MD组、HD组小鼠皮毛浓密发亮、顺滑,皮肤结构清晰完整,真皮层明显增厚,且皮肤中MDA含量降低,SOD活力升高,真皮层弹性蛋白表达量增加(P＜0.05).结论 SOD融合蛋白乳膏在以900 U/cm2活性浓度涂抹下,具有较好的外用安全性.持续使用300 U/cm2的SOD融合蛋白乳膏,可有效改善小鼠表皮变薄、真皮结缔组织排列紊乱、纤维断裂等问题,可为临床上与年龄相关的皮肤老化及疾病的防治提供新的方法.

心胸外科微创手术具有创伤小、恢复快、术后并发症低以及住院时间短等特点,近年来广泛开展[1～3].围手术期血容量不足与术后恶心、呕吐、器官功能障碍、住院时间延长以及死亡率增加有关[4].液体过负荷又会导致肺水肿、肠壁水肿、胃肠功能恢复延迟、局部炎症等,增加切口感染、吻合口漏及死亡率等[5,6].目标导向液体治疗( goal-directed fluid therapy ,GDFT)根据相关血液动力学参数,个体化补液,优化组织脏器灌注和氧供,减少术后并发症及病死率[7,8].传统的静态液体管理监测指标(如心率、血压、中心静脉压、肺动脉楔压等)存在滞后性,难以准确预测容量反应性,指导围术期补液[9～11].每搏变异度(stroke volume variation,SVV)能够动态监测机体的容量状态及心功能情况,是液体反应性的良好预测指标,具有可接受的敏感性和特异性水平[12] ,但心胸外科手术存在体位改变、单肺通气以及胸腔密闭性等问题,SVV能否适用于心胸外科手术并指导补液一直存在争议.本文对心胸外科微创手术中SVV的应用进展文献总结如下.

目的 优化PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD原核重组表达载体以增加SOD融合蛋白表达.方法 通过基因工程设计引物并优化PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD原核重组表达载体,扩增并鉴定目的基因,将优化后的原核重组表达载体以热激法转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)中,通过IPTG诱导重组载体进行蛋白表达,通过溶菌酶+超声裂解菌体,离心后收集上清,利用Ni-NTA树脂纯化,10 kD,20 kD透析袋浓缩,以获得SOD融合蛋白.利用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳及Western blot鉴定SOD融合蛋白.采用BCA与黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定SOD融合蛋白浓度及活力.结果 优化后的重组表达载体优化了稀有碱基,增加了His·Tag标签,His·Tag-PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD序列作为一个整体,在Nco I与BamH I限制性内切酶作用下定向插入,构建了长度为6213 bp的优化质粒,基因测序结果与预先设计的序列对比显示碱基序列正确.优化后的SOD融合蛋白表达量约占菌体的32％,较前(20％)提高,纯化浓缩后纯度为94％,较前(90％)增加.测定浓度为1.8 mg/ml,37℃时SOD总活力为(3065.137±19.75)U/mg prot.结论 通过重组表达载体密码子优化,可以获得高产量、高活性的SOD融合蛋白.

The environmental benefits for phasing out CFCs in China’s refrigerator sector,such as the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases,ozone-depleting substances and the electricity consumption,were analyzed by comparing the scenario of phasing out CFCs to the non-Montreal Protocol baseline scenario,respectively.It was found that 273.5 million tons CO2-eq and 4.7×104 tons ODP had been reduced by the end of 2008.After 2008,619.8 million tons CO2-eq and 1.0×105 tons ODP will be reduced.Phasing out CFCs in China’s refrigerator industry made a considerable contribution to relieve global warming and reduce ozone depletion substances.By using substitute refrigerants,2.8×1010 kWh of electricity was saved,which was equivalent to 24.2 million tons CO2 and of great practical significance in China’s resource conservation,energy-saving and emission-reduction.

China is the largest producer and consumer of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and the production of HCFC-22 accounts for more than 80% of all HCFCs. This paper concentrates on the residential air-conditioner industry and analyzes the environmental benefits of accelerating the phase-out of HCFC-22 in China. According to the comparison of the baseline and phase-out scenarios of HCFC-22, the findings show that using HC-290 (propane) as a refrigerant alternative will directly reduce the greenhouse effect, and indirectly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases due to a reduction in the electricity consumption. The comparison of two scenarios of HC-290 and HFC-410A refrigerant alternatives shows that the use of HC-290 refrigerant will produce significantly higher environmental benefits than the HFC-410A refrigerant.

China is the largest country of HCFCs(hydrochlorofluorocarbons) production and consumption,and the production of HCFC-22(Chlorodifluoromethane) accounts for more than 80% of all HCFCs.In 2007,the international community decided to speed up the elimination of HCFCs,China's implementation will bring great benefits to the global environment.This paper concentrates on the residential air-conditioner industry and analyzes the environmental benefits of accelerating the phase-out of HCFC-22 in China.According to the comparison of the baseline and phase-out scenarios of HCFC-22,it's found that using HC-290(propane) as a refrigerant alternative will directly reduce the greenhouse effect,and indirectly reduce the emission of greenhouse gas due to the reduction in the electricity consumption.The comparison of two scenarios of HC-290 and HFC-410A refrigerant alternatives shows that the use of HC-290 refrigerant will produce significantly higher environmental benefits than the use of HFC-410A refrigerant.

In this paper, a hybrid algorithm combined method of moments (MoM) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to realize low radar cross section (RCS) array synthesis.Both the scattering factor and the radiation factor are involved in the proposed objective function to achieve the promising dipole array with a reduced RCS and satisfied radiation performance.To improve the optimization efficiency, radiation constraint conditions are adopted to avoid unnecessary scattering calculation.The symmetric matrix and block treatment are also used to fill the MoM impedance matrix.The optimization results show that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve RCS reduction of 5.5 dB for dipole array.