氮气气调储粮技术是符合我国南方地区的绿色储粮技术之一.本文通过对南京直属库氮气气调储粮技术进行工程化建设,进一步规范建设流程,规避风险点,为氮气气调储粮技术的成功应用提供保障,旨在为华东片区氮气气调储粮建设提供参考.

针对储粮害虫的生理习性,通过在低温粮仓中布设6台仓用高效害虫诱捕杀灭器对害虫进行诱捕,结合惰性粉等防护措施,使小麦仓三年免药剂熏蒸,达到了免熏蒸绿色储粮的效果.

我国玉米产量位居世界第二,仅次于美国[1].同时,玉米也是我国四大粮食储备品种之一.在玉米的质量指标中不完善粒率是一项非常重要的非定等指标,根据GB 1353-2009[2]规定不完善粒指标对应五个不同等级,1、2、3、4、5等玉米中不完善粒分别不能高于4％、6％、8％、10％、15％,特别是中央储备玉米需达到3等,即不完善粒率不能高于8.0％,而在不完善粒中破碎粒是其重要的组成部分,占比高.由此可见,玉米破碎率是反映玉米品质的一项重要指标.因此,准确检测破碎率,控制好破碎粒率是粮食质量把关的重要环节.

针对现有粮食使用磷化铝熏蒸方式的不足,设计一种仓外移动式磷化铝投药装置,并以稻谷、小麦等不同品种粮食进行熏蒸验证试验.结果表明,仓外移动式磷化铝投药装置投药安全可靠,操作简便易行,环流浓度分布均匀,且设备价格低廉,是一种值得推广的新型熏蒸设备.根据小麦的熏蒸试验结果,采用二次投药的方式可延长PH3有效浓度的持续时间,在投放等量磷化铝的条件下能够达到更好的熏蒸效果.

As an important insecticidal technology of grain storage ,recirculated fumigation of the Phosphine ( PH3 ) can significantly improve both safety and stability of storage environment . Therefore ,the recircu-lated fumigation experiment of the PH3 was conducted in a large scape warehouse in this study by placing the aluminium phosphide tablet on grain bulk surface . The concentration and diffusion rules of PH 3 in wheat bulk was statisticaly analyzed and the results showed that :the PH 3 concentration was uniformly dif-fused during the fumigation . PH3 concentration slightly increased with the increasing of wheat bulk hight . Simultaneously ,the PH3 concentration fitting curves showed that the decreasing rate of PH 3 ranged be-tween 40 .28 mL/m3 . d to 43 .86 mL/m3 . d . It has negative linear correlation with fumigation time ,where the coefficients a changed with the depths of grain bulk .

The effects of wheat moisture content, temperature and oxygen concentration on free fatty acid value increment per 10 days of wheat stored under modified atmosphere. The storage conditions exhibited significant and different effects on free fatty acid value increase rate in the decreasing order: wheat moisture temperature oxygen concentration. Regression analysis gave a mathematical model describing fatty acid value increase rate (y) with respect to the storage conditions, y =-10.903 + 0.08x1 + 0.681x2 + 0.05x3, R2 = 0.875, where, x1, x2 and x3 represented temperature, wheat moisture content and oxygen concentration, respectively. The model proved to be reliable in predicting fatty acid value increase rate.

By statistical analysis on orthogonal experiment data of wheat storage,correlation between effective accumulated temperature and free fatty acid value was studied.It showed that storage accumulated temperature had remarkable influence on the rising speed of fatty acid value,and the liner regression formula of the rising speed of free fatty acid value and storage accumulated temperature was built as :y^=0.816x-1.434.This formula could be used to forecast the days of wheat quality deterioration and guide to decrease wheat aging speed by controlling accumulated temperature.

In different original pressures,rules of pressure decay was studied in three types of simulation grain warehouses,including warehouse with good airtightness,rigid hole and flexible hole respectively.The results showed:(1) under the same diameter of holes,the half-life decay of pressure of warehouse would be reduced with the original pressure decreased.(2) by linear regression analysis on diameter of holes,initial pressures and pressure half-life,it presented the second-order polynomial correlation between pressure half-life and the others two factors respectively.The regression formula of half-life(from 500 Pa to 250 Pa) and hole diameter was built as y= 756.63x2-1087.7x+485.77,and R2=0.9864.