Exchangeable aluminum (Al) ions released from acidic soils with pH < 5.5 inhibit root elongation of crops, ultimately leading to yield reduced. It is necessary to identify the quantitative trait locus (QTLs) and candidate genes that confer toxicity resistance to understand the mechanism and improve tolerance of rapeseed. In this study, an F2 segregating population was derived from a cross between Al-tolerance inbred line FDH188 (R178) and -sensitive inbred line FDH152 (S169), and the F2:3 were used as materials to map QTLs associated with the relative elongation of taproot (RET) under Al toxicity stress. Based on bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq), three QTLs (qAT-A07-1, qAT-A07-2, and qAT-A09-1) were detected as significantly associated with RET, and 656 candidate genes were screened. By combined BSA and RNA-seq analysis, 55 candidate genes showed differentially expressed, including genes encoding ABC transporter G (ABCG), zinc finger protein, NAC, ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF), etc. These genes were probably positive factors in coping with Al toxicity stress in rapeseed. This study provides new insight into exploring the QTLs and candidate genes’ response to Al toxicity stress by combined BSA-seq and RNA-seq and is helpful to further research on the mechanism of Al resistance in rapeseed.

江农棉2号是江西省经济作物研究所(原江西省棉花研究所)和江西农庄主农业科技开发有限公司共同选育出的国审棉花新品种,适宜在长江流域棉区种植.该品种坐桃均匀,桃大、卵圆形,生长稳健,后劲足,早熟不早衰,抗逆性强,丰产性好、增产潜力大,稳产性好.为提高江农棉2号的种植质量,指导棉花制种田的种子生产,介绍江农棉2号的品种特性、亲本特征特性与保存、杂交制种、制种栽培管理及技术应用效果.

铝毒已成为酸性土壤中影响作物生长和产量提升最主要的限制因子之一.油菜是我国重要的油料作物,主要种植在土壤酸化较为严重的长江流域各省区.油菜是对铝毒较为敏感的作物之一,但耐铝性机制尚不清楚.综述铝毒的产生、铝毒对作物生长的影响、作物耐铝毒机制以及油菜耐铝性相关研究进展,为耐铝高产油菜新品种培育研究提供参考.

为指导千粒重遗传改良,挖掘甘蓝型油菜千粒重显著关联单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点及相关候选基因,以300份甘蓝型油菜种质资源为材料,对千粒重进行一年两地表型考察,结合该群体前期开发的201 817个SNP标记,采用一般线性模型(GLM)和混合线性模型(MLM)进行全基因组关联分析,对性状显著关联SNP位点两侧100 kb区域内相关候选基因进行功能预测.结果表明,300份甘蓝型油菜千粒重在两地均表现出广泛的表型变异,筛选出6份千粒重较高的油菜种质资源.基于GLM、MLM模型分别检测到24个和10个与油菜千粒重显著关联的SNP,其中有8个SNP在2个模型中均被检测到,位于第C02号染色体上Bn-C02-22853028的表型贡献率最大.6个位点附近找到HWS、DA1、DA2、CPL3、bZIP、CSPs、PTR2、ARF2、TRM61等9个拟南芥已报道粒重基因的同源基因.

This study aims to excavate the SNP loci and candidate genes significantly associated with the seed number per silique（SPS）in Brassica napus L. Having 300 B. napus inbreeding lines as experimental materials, we investigated the phenotypes of SPS under two locations(Jiangxi Agricultural University（JXAU）in Nanchang and Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil（JXIRS）in Jinxian in a year. Then we conducted the genome-wide association study via general linear model（GLM）and mixed linear model（MLM）combining 201 817 SNPs markers determined previously. And finally we predicted the functions of relevant candidate genes within the 100 kb region flanking trait significantly associated SNP loci. The results showed that the broad phenotypic variations of SPS in the two locations among the 300 300 B. napus samples existed, and two germplasm with more SNP were screened. Total 39 SNPs loci remarkably associated with SPS were excavated by general linear model（GLM）. Furthermore, 3 SNPs of SPS were detected severally using the mixed linear model（MLM）, and they all were detected using GLM. And 19 candidate orthologous genes to documented Arabidopsis the seed number per silique, like CIK, ERF022 and EDE1, were found near our eight SNPs loci. The results are conducive to analyzing the genetic basis of SPS of rapeseed and would lay a foundation for studying the regulation mechanism and guiding the genetic improvement of SPS.

油-稻-稻模式下土壤的集约化程度高,且较高的作物产量对土壤肥力要求较高.因此,研究合理的有机培肥措施对于指导三熟制下的作物产量提升意义重大.本研究通过田间定位试验,分别设计了油菜季不施有机物料(CK)、施猪粪(PM)和施生物质炭(BC)3个处理,比较了 2018和 2019年的作物产量、土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)和可溶性有机碳(SDOC)和可溶性有机氮(SDON)含量的变化,并探讨了土壤碳氮指标与作物产量的相关关系.结果表明:PM和BC均可以显著提升作物产量.与CK处理相比,PM和BC处理下 2018和 2019年三季总产量分别提高了 8.9%～13.8%,10.3%～15.1%,且BC处理显著高于PM处理(P<0.05).同时,PM和BC处理土壤微生物量碳和氮和可溶性碳和氮含量均显著高于CK处理,但BC和PM处理间则无显著差异.结合拟合方程的参数表明,土壤微生物量氮含量与三季作物总产量的相关系数较高.因此,在三熟制模式下,施用猪粪和生物质炭均可以提高作物产量和土壤碳氮含量,且土壤微生物量氮含量是提升作物产量的关键指标.

This study aims to clarify the effects of sowing date and density on yield and composition of rape, so as to provide a reference for local high-yield cultivation. In the rape season of 2020～2021, three factors including the young stem picking method,sowing date and density were carried out in a typical dryland of acidic red soil. The main plot was set as picking the main inflorescence at budding stage and no picking treatments. The two sowing dates of the split plot were October 3 and October 13. The four densities of the small split plot were 30 cm×10 cm(33.3×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D1), 30 cm×12 cm(27.8×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D2), 30 cm×15 cm(22.2×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D3) and 30 cm×20 cm(16.7×10~5 plant·hm -2 , D4). The young stem yield, growth process, rape yield and its components under different treatments were investigated. The results showed that compared with no picking treatment, picking treatment postponed 6 to 15 days of the initial flowering stage, the final flowering and mature period; significantly reduced plant height and effective branch height by 10.6% and 63.1%; increased stem enlargement and the number of primary effective branches by 7.89% and 21.9%; the number of siliques per plant and seeds per siliques unchanged; and 1 000-seed weight significantly reduced 9.59%. The yield of aboveground dry matter and rapeseed decreased with the increasing density, but the amplitude was less than that of no picking treatment. When sowing date was delayed by 10 d, the growth process was delayed by 12 d, the plant height and stem diameter were decreased significantly. The decreasing density did not affect the growth process but significantly increased the young stem thickness and the number of scones per plant; however, shoot dry matter weight and rape yield were significantly decreased. Therefore, the rape Zhongyouza are affected by both density and sowing date, and its appropriate dense planting and early sowing date can satisfy both the young stem and rape yields.

美国当代诗人查尔斯·赖特意欲以"场景"构建起一套个性化的诗学体系.他将场景分为"外在场景"和"内在场景","外在场景"是物理性场景,包括地方、场所、人、动植物以及其他任何可感知的客观事物;"内在场景"是精神性场景,包含人的精神、意志、智慧、思想、宗教、经验等.二者相互关联,"外在场景"的创造是为了再造让人舒适自在的"内在场景".场景既是赖特诗歌恒定的主题,也是他诗歌创作赖以利用的手段:场景是情感转换的载体,诠释着具有主体地位的万物的物性,释放着严肃而神秘的精神力.

美国当代诗人查尔斯·赖特强调形式在现代诗歌中的独立性和重要地位.他的形式观包含具体形式和抽象形式两种,具体形式指的是传统意义上的诗节、诗行、节奏、押韵等形式以及诗歌的组织方式即整体形式,抽象形式是作为一种理念而先在的形式,它超越诗歌.赖特在诗歌形式上的实践创新主要体现在分行上,具体说来有两种个性化的表现:下坠行和奇数音节诗行.赖特的形式观是他个人诗学的部分反映,其实践上的创新成功地塑造了他个人的艺术风格.赖特既遵循了诗歌几千年来所形成的形式上的传统,又为打破传统规范崇尚自由的现代诗提供了一定的启迪和借鉴作用.

"地方"是美国当代诗人查尔斯·赖特诗歌创作的重要媒介和主题.赖特的诗歌创作是记录其记忆的独特形式,而"地方"则成了他打开记忆的方式.诗人毕生所作均为抒情诗或者说非叙事诗,但"地方"却让他的非叙事诗在整体上架构起一部宏大的叙事性个人自传.在赖特的诗学精神中,人应以谦卑的态度师从"地方",学习"地方"的精神,寻找可以救赎自己的光.

曾以伐木为主业的大熊山林场,凭借一望无际的林海引得人流如织;以前“养在深闺人未识”的奉家镇渠江源风景区,以60％以上的森林覆盖率,迎来八方游客;山高林深的槎溪镇油溪坪村,人们在林下黄精丰收的喜悦中感受着幸福……湘中娄底的美丽新画卷正向人们徐徐展开.

Charles Wright started his poetic career for the sake of his early occasional contact with Chinese ancient poetry, from which he has absorbed the ways and contents of writing poetry."China Trace" is a cultural mark of his personal poetry.He has persisted in employing China`s artistic styles and cultural qualities for as long as a half century.Wright has adopted the Chinese poetic techniques-"expressing emotions through landscape", "landscape expressing itself", and "landscape expressing landscape"-in the absorption of Taoist life philosophy of "nothingness" and Buddhist "emptiness" so as to have set up his personal poetics.

The Fifties is a poetry journal set up by American poets Robert Bly and William Duffy.From the very beginning till now, the magazine has gone through more than half a century long.The process of its development is a history of legendary stories.In addition, it has witnessed a certain period of American history of poetry.More importantly, it has played a vital part in the formation of the poetry school "Deep Image".

“深层意象”诗歌有两个精神向度:“向内”与“向外”,它与中国传统文化“内圣外王”的思想指向高度契合.儒家与道家都倡导“内圣外王”,但各自的所指却有很大差异.很有意味的是,“深层意象”诗歌将道家的“内圣”之道与儒家的“外王”之道结合在一起.

W. S. Merwin is a very great American contemporary poet and an important representative of deep imagist. His poetics is deeply influenced by Chinese traditional culture, but the academia and the critics have ignored or failed to realize the influence of Chinese culture on Merwin. Factually, the listening poetics Merwin has striven for has been inspired by Chinese culture, in particular, Taoism. In his personal poetics, listening is both the form and content of poetry. Besides, listening poetics shows his life view and ecological view.

美国当代诗人罗伯特·勃莱年轻时开始接触中国传统文化,对道家文化尤为倾心,他毕生践行着道家式自在无为的生活哲学.其倡导的“深层意象”诗学更是吸收与利用了道家美学精髓.其诗学中的核心词“无意识”在很大程度上就是道家所弘扬的“道”；其长达半个多世纪的诗歌创作始终包含着对道家理想与美学的追求.

Robert Bly distinguishes himself with his political work The Light around the Body,which won the National Book Award the second year after the publication.It is an epoch-making event in American literature history where political poetry had been in a mocking as well as embarrassing situation.According to Bly,poetry originates from reality,and is supposed to penetrate into man's inner world.A poet should take on his necessary social responsibility.Bly's political poetry is mainly concerned about the Vietnam War and the two Iraq wars.He devalues the current American administration,positions himself as a pioneer against the wars.He insists that,political poetry is first of all poetry rather than anything else like political slogan or report.It should leap up into the whole nation's psyche and reflect the people's state of consciousness.

Silence in Snowy Fields is first book by Robert Bly,a contemporary American poet.It was published in early 1960s.After publication,it has undergone a period of two totally different reception attitudes: from doubt and depreciation to high praise and wide recognition.Some critic thinks that the book signals end of an era and beginning of another. The first half of twentieth century in history of American poetry is known to be dominated by Modernism represented by such poets as T.S.Eliot,Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams.Through study of book Silence of Snowy Fields in its unique experience,distinctive poetic style and fresh artistic favors,we can come to a good understanding of a certain period of American poetry history.It is very time after publication of Bly’s book that American poetry was taking a new turning.

意境是艺术家的审美体验、情趣、个人理想和情操与提炼加工后的物象融为一体后所形成的艺术境界.就诗歌而言,"意境"就是"诗境",它是通过"物境"和"心境" 来表现诗人的价值取向和审美追求.意境理论是中国古典诗学所特有的理论.<雪夜林边停留 >是美国诗人弗罗斯特最重要的作品之一,不同的批评家对它有不同的解读和分析,本文以" 意境"理论并比较我国唐朝诗人柳宗元名作<江雪>来阅读这首诗歌,发现在异域文化背景下它依然释放出无穷的魅力.