为了筛选出适宜韶关生态烟区的烤烟品种,采用大田比较试验,研究了8个外引烤烟品种在农艺性状、病害发生、经济性状、外观质量、感官质量以及化学成分等方面的差异,结果表明:与对照'K326'相比,'FJ312'、'闽烟7号'和'云烟87'综合表现突出,其株高在78.0～108.5 cm间,最大叶面积在1167.41～1454.26 cm2;产量在1727.05～2178.67 kg/hm2间,较对照'K326'显著提高20.83％～52.43％,产值在43368.90～58946.13元/hm2间,较对照'K326'显著提高29.68％～76.26％;三者的抗病性、外观质量和感官质量均优于对照'K326',其中'FJ312'和'闽烟7号'的抗病性最强,其烟草花叶病、烟草青枯病、烟草赤星病发生率为0.总的来说,'FJ312'、'闽烟7号'和'云烟87'在韶关烟区适应性较好,可作为当地的后备烤烟品种,具有一定的推广应用前景.

为考察自育烤烟新品系在烟叶产区的特征特性,以YK1701、YK1706、YK1708、YK1723和YK1725为参试品系,以K326和云烟87为对照,通过田间试验研究了其农艺性状、经济性状和外观质量等各方面的差异.结果表明,5个参试品种/系大田生育期在115～123 d;YK1708和YK1706的农艺性状综合表现最好,其株高和最大叶面积显著大于2个对照品种;YK1723、YK1708和YK1706的产量、产值较云烟87显著高32％和35％以上,较K326显著高13％和20％以上;YK1706的烟叶化学成分相对协调;YK1708和YK1706的烟叶外观质量较好.总的来看,YK1708和YK1706生产潜力较大,下一步可进行小面积生产验证试验.

[目的]筛选适合南雄烟区沙泥田土壤的改良剂.[方法]通过田间试验研究了不同土壤改良剂对植烟沙泥田烟叶产质量和土壤理化性质等方面的影响.[结果]生物碳的土壤改良效果好于矿物质调理剂,生物碳处理的烟叶产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价分别比对照高20.00％、54.02％、84.18％ 和27.54％,差异均达显著水平;生物碳处理烤后烟叶的烟碱、钾、总氮、氯、蛋白质含量均在适宜范围内,其糖碱比在8～12间,烟叶化学成分较协调;生物碳和矿物质调理剂均能提高土壤pH值,改善土壤的理化性质,增加土壤中的有效养分含量;生物碳能提高植烟土壤中的土壤酶活性,其交换性钙和交换性镁含量分别比对照高30.75％和19.33％.[结论]生物碳处理(1500 kg/hm2)对提高南雄烟区沙泥田烟叶产质量和改善植烟土壤理化性质等方面的改良效果较明显.

为了筛选出适宜韶关烟区种植的优质烤烟后备品种,以K326和粤烟97为对照,对外引的5个品种进行田间比较试验.结果表明,参试品种生育期为115～120 d,田间长势粤烟97和安烟一号最好,其他品种与K326较为接近,可采叶数保持在16～18片之间,粤烟97和NC71经济性状优于K326;安烟一号和NC71中部叶总糖和还原糖含量与K326均较接近,烟碱上部叶含量普遍偏高,总氮、钾和氯含量均较适宜,NC102和K326糖碱比均在10左右,化学成分较为协调.总体来看,以粤烟97综合表现最好,NC71可作为后备品种继续开展小面积生产试验进行验证.

为研究中间香型主要烟区化学成分特征和区域特点，对中间香型主要烟区的7个试点11个品种的主要化学成分进行检测分析和聚类。结果表明：中间香型各烟区烟叶主要化学成分除氯含量偏低（为0．2％）和钾氯比偏高（为12．64）外，其余化学成分均符合优质烟的要求。不同产区、不同品种间的烟叶主要化学成分均存在显著性差异。将7个烟区系统聚类为3类，第一类主要化学成分表现为烟碱含量较高，总糖和还原糖的含量较低，糖碱比低，烟区包括陕西旬阳、重庆武隆和贵州遵义；第二类主要化学成分表现为总氮含量、蛋白质含量、氮碱比和两糖比较低，钾含量、钾氯比较高，其余成分含量中等，主要为山东蒙阴烟区；第三类主要化学成分表现为烟碱含量较低，总糖含量、还原糖含量、糖碱比和氮碱比较高，烟区主要为贵州贵定、湖北咸丰和湖南桑植。

In order to understand the photosynthetic physiological characteristics differences of various flue-cured tobacco varieties under drought stress,a pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of mild and severe drought stress on the photosynthetic physiological indices of five flue-cured tobacco varieties: Jiucaiping 2,Qianxi 1,Bina 1,Yunyan87,Yunyan 97 and the relationship with the drought resistance as well.The results showed that,in severe drought treatment,on average,the net photosynthetic rate of five tobacco varieties dropped 48.5%,intercellular CO2 concentration increased 80.9%,transpiration rate decreased 33.6%,stomatal conductance decreased 72.7%.The photosynthetic rate of variety Qianxi 1 and Yunyan 97 decreased less than those of the others,which demonstrated relatively high drought tolerance.

The relationship between main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco and visibility of the intermediate aroma style was investigated through analysis of the 151 tobacco samples from the main area of the intermediate aroma style. The results showed that the intermediate flavor style showed a higher degree when the nicotine content was 3.00%, the ratio of potassium to chlorine ranged from 12 to 16, the ratio of total sugar to nicotine ranged from 6 to 8, the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 and the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar was 0.7. In addition, a regression analysis indicated that the intermediate aroma style value was significantly positive correlated with the nicotine and potassium content, and negatively correlated with the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar.

Investigation and analysis was carried on the main soil in Nanxiong tobacco-growting regions.The results revealed that there were significant differences in different soil types with soil colour,soil texture,soil pH,soil particles,CEC,exchangeable calcium.The soil development from purple sand shale was alkalescent,the texture was heavy,the CEC and exchangeable calcium was apparently higher than the other soil types.

In order to find out the solution for the problem of heavy cows liver field,such as slow growth in the early days,low fertilizer utilization rate,we conducted a soil improvement experiment by mixing sand to soil in cows liver field.The results showed that mixing sand to heavy cows liver field could change soil texture,effectively improve growing environment of tobacco plant,improve the speed of growth tobacco plants,and improve the yield and the value of tobacco,thus it is worthy of popularizing.

In order to save energy,reduce environmental pollution,further enhance the applicability of multifunction stepping flue-curing barn,tobacco fluecuring were experimented after installing a solar energy collector on the roof of the drying section,coating the inner wall of drying section with a ceramic thermal insulation coating,setting a programmable temperature control and dusting system,and adding an electrically powered pusher on the leaf truck in the drying section.The results showed that: 1) the solar energy collector cut the coal consumption and curing cost per kilogram dry tobacco by 12.35% and 12.72%,respectively;2) the thermal insulation coating cut the coal consumption and curing cost by 6.70% and 6.72%,respectively;3) the programmable temperature control and dusting system reduced the coal consumption and emission of dust,SO2 and NOX per kilogram tobacco by 9.79%,46.2%,22.8% and 19.1%,respectively;taking the newly increased limewater cost of 0.005 RMB yuan into account,the curing cost reduced by 8.28%;4) the labor cost reduced by 31.25%,however electric power consumption increased by 3.57%;5) the total curing cost and emission of dust,SO2 and NOX reduced by 25.73%,56.40%,37.47% and 34.29%,respectively.

The trial on control effect of chemicals against hot pepper anthracnose in off-season was carried out, after the third application of 80% Thiram&ziram WP and 80% Pomarsol Ziram Excelle, the control effect was up to 90.56% and 84.20% respectively, better than other pesticides significantly, and the effect to keep yield of 80% Thiram&ziram WP was 43.82%.

The history and current situation of Nanxiong yellow sun-cured tobacco were introduced.The superiority conditions of Nanxiong yellow sun-cured tobacco production wereanalyzed,from the aspects of ecological condition,variety resources and quality Some problems eristed Nanxiong yellow sun-cured tobacco production were pointed out.And finally some countermeasures about restore the development of Nanxiong sun-cured yellow tobacco production were put forward,from economic policy and technology and sales.

The effects of method of fertilizer application on the growth,development,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied in Nanxiong tobacco growing areas.The results showed that sufficient base fertilizer applied at early growing stage and diluted potassium nitrate sprinkled for several times at fast growing and round top stages could balance the nutrition absorption of tobacco plants,promote the growth and development of tobacco plants and the opening of upper leaves,and improve the yield,quality and usability of tobacco leaves.In Nanxiong tobacco growing areas,the best method of fertilizer application was: 70% tobacco specialty fertilizer as base fertilizer applied while transplanting,30% tobacco specialty fertilizer applied while earthing up,all potassium nitrate diluted and sprinkled separately for 3 times during fast growing period.

The effect of different fertilization methods was studied on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Nanxiong.The results showed that the method of applying full base fertilizer and the potassium nitrate as the topdressing applied with water at different times at vigorous growing period could balance nutrition supply,improve growth,improve the upper leaves open and usability,increase the yield and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco.The best fertilization method of flue-cured tobacco in Nanxiong was that 70% tobacco special-purpose fertilizer as the base fertilizer was applied at transplanting time,30 percent tobacco special-purpose fertilizer as the topdressing was applied at earthing up time,and 100% potassium nitrate as the topdressing was applied with water divided 3 times at vigorous growing period.