为了明确有机栽培方式对烤烟生长及品质的影响,以K326烤烟品种为研究对象,研究常规与有机栽培方式对贵州省毕节市山地烟株生长发育、生理生化指标、烟叶质量的影响.结果表明:1)2种栽培方式下植株干重随生长发育过程表现出明显的Logistic生长曲线,常规栽培方式的生物积累量大,但是后期有机栽培方式的生物量增加显著.2)2种栽培方式下中部烟叶的光合色素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均呈先升后降的变化趋势.常规栽培烟叶的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均表现出前期(30～60 d)高于有机栽培烟叶、后期(60～90 d)低于有机栽培烟叶的趋势.3)有机栽培烟叶的烟碱、总氮和蛋白质含量均明显低于常规栽培烟叶,有机栽培烟叶的上部叶和中部叶烟碱含量均显著低于常规栽培烟叶,烟株碳氮营养平衡得到改善.4)有机栽培方式的中部烟叶致香成分总量略低于常规栽培方式,但有机栽培方式可较大幅度提高上部烟叶致香成分总量.综上所述,有机栽培方式可以改善提高烟叶(特别是上部叶)的品质.

Subsidized assets in tobacco industries may be the basis of the establishment and operation for farmersu0027 cooperatives. and tobacco industries and relevant government departments formulate its regulations,management system,price of services,supervision and profitable return,choose cooperatives leaders promote the development of farmersu0027 cooperatives. Tobacco industryu0027s subsidies to farmersu0027 cooperatives help to build barn,nursery greenhouses,agricultural machinery and other business assets,which can bring a considerable profit. However,affected by lower levels of co-management,unclear asset ownership,uncertainty of market risk,in practice,the majority of cooperatives fail to effectively manage subsidized assets. This paper,Guizhou Province discussed the farmersu0027 professional cooperatives in Bijie Tobacco,analyzed different mode of operation of the industry subsidies assets in order to clarify a variety of problems existing in the farmersu0027 professional cooperatives,and put forward feasible suggestions.

供需均衡是制度创新成功的关键.依据毕节市烟农专业合作社调研数据,运用供需对比和Logistic回归方法,研究合作社服务供需关系和影响农户对专业化服务需求的关键因素.结果显示,供需不均衡是制约服务型合作社推进的主要原因,家庭劳动力数量、人均收入和信息获取情况与农户需求意愿正相关;牲畜数量、工资性收入占家庭收入比重与需求意愿负相关.结果表明,合作社制度的推进需要进一步厘清供需之间的差异,服务型合作社专业化服务应与区域需求状况相契合.

The experimental results showed that: in comparison with the conventional bulk curing barn used in the year 2009,using the baking room whose heat was provided by the atmospheric pressure hot-water boiler to bake tobacco leaves could reduce the emission quantity of flue dust,SO2 and NOx from 1 kg coal by 2.914,8.600 and 2.391 mg/kg,respectively.It also could decrease the curing cost of dry tobacco by 1 yuan/kg,increase the average price of flue-cured tobacco leaves by 1.26 yuan/kg,reduce the operating cost of each curing barn by 63.2 yuan,and enhance the net income of single-barn by 841 yuan,but increase the initial investment of each curing barn construction by 30979 yuan.

In order to understand the photosynthetic physiological characteristics differences of various flue-cured tobacco varieties under drought stress,a pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of mild and severe drought stress on the photosynthetic physiological indices of five flue-cured tobacco varieties: Jiucaiping 2,Qianxi 1,Bina 1,Yunyan87,Yunyan 97 and the relationship with the drought resistance as well.The results showed that,in severe drought treatment,on average,the net photosynthetic rate of five tobacco varieties dropped 48.5%,intercellular CO2 concentration increased 80.9%,transpiration rate decreased 33.6%,stomatal conductance decreased 72.7%.The photosynthetic rate of variety Qianxi 1 and Yunyan 97 decreased less than those of the others,which demonstrated relatively high drought tolerance.

为了对乌蒙特色烟叶质量与风格成因提供气候生态学方面的参考,结合2007-2011年毕节威宁烟区的气候资料,分析了乌蒙烤烟种植区的气候生态特征,并与其他贵州烟区和国内部分烟区进行了差异比较,采用欧氏距离分析了威宁与国内其他代表产区的相似性.结果表明:乌蒙烟区具有海拔较高、日照充足、大田期温度较低和降雨量较少等特点.无霜期和大田期均温年际波动较大,变化趋势不稳定;大田期降雨量和≥10℃活动积温分别呈现较明显的减少和增加的波动趋势;全生育期光热量指标和年日照时数相对稳定,日照时数表现出增加趋势.气候生态相似性以威宁与玉溪的最为接近,与凉山烟区的相似性次之,与许昌烟区的差异最大.

Yunyan87 was used as test variety to study the physical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves from three typical altitudes in Bijie city,low altitude(840 m),middle altitude(1 430 m),high altitude(2 100 m).The results showed that at high altitude,tobacco leaf position is negatively correlated with filling value,stalk proportion and leaf width,but it is positively correlated with single leaf weight;at middle altitude,tobacco leaf position is negatively correlated with leaf width,and filling value,stalk proportion and single leaf weight increase first and then decrease with increasing tobacco leaf position;at low altitude,tobacco leaf position is positively correlated with single leaf weight,and filling value,stalk proportion and leaf width increase first and then decrease with increasing tobacco leaf position.At different altitudes,tobacco leaf tension,leaf mass per unit area,leaf thickness and leaf length variant the same,but single leaf weight,leaf width,stalk proportion and filling value variant a little different.The physical characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco leaves from different positions changes relatively great at high altitude and middle altitude,and it changes small at the low altitude,moreover,there is a significant differences between them.

The single-factor randomized block design was used to study the effect of different altitudes on chemical composition in leaves of Bina 1(a new tobacco variety) from 50d to 95d after transplanting to provide a reference for quality improvement of special tobacco varieties in Bijie city.The results showed that the content change trend of starch and aminoacid content in leaves of Bina 1 cultivated fields with different altitudes was the same.The starch content presented a first decline and then rising trend but the amino acid content showed a linear decline trend.Altitude had the significant effect on pigment and reducing sugar content in leaves of Bina 1.In conclusion,Middle altitude ecological environment is benefial to tobacco quality of Bina 1 in bijie city.

Comprehensive utilization of waste was related to not only the basic tobacco fields of the economic interests of farmers,but also the tobacco industry and environmental pollution solution.Based on the optimization tobacco structure policy of the National Tobacco Bureau,this paper introduced the previous study of comprehensive utilization of waste tobacco for tobacco waste generated of the fields by the rational use to provide a theoretical basis and methods of learning,in order to get a purpose of wealth and clean tobacco production of tobacco waste.

从毕节8个县市种植烟草的田地采集土壤样品122份,共分离到细菌菌株630株,经平板对峙培养初筛到31株对烟草疫霉有拮抗作用的菌株,再次筛选表明5株细菌菌株在室内有较强的拮抗作用.通过形态特征观察、生理生化特征测定及16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定拮抗细菌1107为芽孢杆菌属短小芽孢杆菌,7403、1205、1601、5801为芽孢杆菌属.

This article introduced the construction of the standard system for the directional production of the high-quality and characteristic raw materials of Wumeng brand flue-cured tobacco.In the idiographic practice process,it was required that the technicists could apply one or more technologies to solve problems in the actual production;through installing and integrating Wumeng brand flue-cured tobacco,to develop and enhance its contents,base construction and technological innovation,to reform and innovate base unit construction,to standardize and improve the process management,finally to realize the optimal joint of theoretical construction and practice.

田间试验以烤烟（Nicotiana tabacum L）品种毕纳1号为材料，研究了不同密度、施氮量条件下对毕纳1号产质量的影响。结果表明：随着施氮量的增加，毕纳I号地上部分的生长势、株高。茎围和最大叶长宽均增加，而种植密度对这些指标的影响相对较小；在同一种植密度下，施氮量为7．5kg,／667m2时，烤烟产量最高，而施氦量为6．5kg／667m2时，烤烟产值最高，产值以施氮量5．5kg／667m2最低：同一施氮水平，各种植密度间毕纳I号得产量、上等烟率、上中等烟率差异不大，产值以B31100株／667m2最低。

The effect of government behaviors on modern tobacco circular agriculture was studied through three-party static games model by taking tobacco as the cut-in point in this paper.The results showed that the attitude of farmer and enterprise participation in modern tobacco circular agriculture was restricted to government fines and subsidies.Government should participate in modern tobacco circular agriculture to internalize the externality of this field.This authors of this article believed that policies of incentives and subsidies were better than tax and direct control.Furthermore,concentrative subsidy was superior to individual subsidy.Government should lead to the establishment of insurance system and provide authentication and information support based on the characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution.

[Objective] The purpose was to study the metabolism rule of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco materials from different elevation,and discuss the internal physiological changes during its growth period.[Method] High,middle and low three elevations typical tobacco leaf production area in Bijie Region was as follows: Jinsha County in low elevation area(840 meters),Dafang County in middle elevation area(1 430 m),Weining County in high elevation area(2 100 m).Single factor randomized block design was used with three repeated.[Result] The results indicated that after transplanting 50-95 days,the metabolism rule of the chemical compositions of the flue-cured tobacco leaves from different elevations were not completely same.Thereinto,in low elevation,tobacco leaves' chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,violaxanthin,xanthophyl,β-carotene,amino acid content and sugar alkali ratio showed a linear downward trend;In middle elevation,tobacco leaves' amino acid content showed a linear downward trend,while sugar alkali ration and chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,violaxanthin,xanthophyl,β-carotene content firstly increased then decreased;In high elevation,tobacco leaves' sugar alkali ration,and xanthophyl and β-carotene content showed a linear downward trend,while chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,violaxanthin content firstly increased then decreased,amino acid content firstly decreased then increased finally decreased.After transplanting 95 days,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid and amino acid content of tobacco leaves had positive corelation with elevation;reducing sugar content and sugar alkali ration had negative corelation with elevation;starch and nicotine content were the most medium in low elevation,while too high or too low in high and middle elevation.In the different altitudes,the change law of neoxanthin,reducing sugar and nicotine content of tobacco leaves in different elevation was same,thereinto,neoxanthin content firstly increased then reduced,reducing sugar content showed a linear decrease trend,nicotine content increased steadily,but starch content's change law was different.[Conclusion] The study provides a reference for confirmation of distinctive tobacco leaves' quality in different elevation ecological region of Bijie City.

采用倒置"W"9点取样法调查了贵州省烟地杂草发生危害情况。贵州省烟地杂草有30科74种,其中禾本科杂草12种,占16.22%;阔叶杂草60种,占81.08%;其他杂草2种,占2.70%。相对多度在10%以上的杂草分别是马唐、辣子草、狗尾草、尼泊尔蓼、旱稗、腺梗豨莶,为贵州省烟地杂草的优势种群。随着地区、海拔、土壤类型的不同,其杂草优势种群结构也不相同。

The K326,Yunyan85,NC82 and Hongda varieties were planted in Qianxi of Guizhou province in 2006,and some indexes,such as biological characters,yield,crackajack tobacoo ratio were analyzed.The results showed that Yunyan 85 and K326 had better ecological adaptability than the other varieties,and the economic character of Hongda was bad for the reason of flue-cured skill and etc.