[Objective] The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of biochar and its interaction with root exudate nicotine on the physiological activity of root zone soil during tobacco cultivation. Field comparative experiments with different application amounts of biochar in Qixingguan Tobacco Station of Bijie Tobacco Company was set up. [Method] Based this experiment, different amounts of biochar, such as CK（0 kg 667 m-2 biochar）, T10（10 kg 667 m-2 biochar）, T20（20 kg 667 m-2 biochar）, T40（40 kg 667 m-2 biochar） and T80（80 kg 667 m-2 biochar）were applied in the farmland to investigate their influences on soil biological properties of flue-cured tobacco root zone. Ammonium nitrogen（NH4 +-N）, nitrate nitrogen（NO3--N）, hot water extracted organic nitrogen（HWON）,moderately stable organic N（6 M HCl hydrolyzed nitrogen, a-ON）, microbial biomass carbon（MBC）, microbial biomass nitrogen（MBN）, microbial hydrolysis activity（FDA activity）, soil basal respiration（SBR） and soil mineralizable N quantity（MinN） were determined by conventional methods. [Result]（1） The soil FDA activity was reduced in the biochar-amended soil. Compared to CK, the T40 and T80 treatments showed a significant decrease of33% ～ 55%, and there was no significant difference with other treatments. Overall, the greater the amount of biochar used, the greater the reduction in biological activity.（2） Compared to the CK treatment, soil basal respiration（SBR）was gradually enhanced with increasing biochar dosage and increased by about 33% in the T40 and T80 treatments.（3） For soil respiration, compared to adding only glucose, the soil respiration rate was lower after adding both glucose and nicotine, however, soil basal respiration remained the same for all treatments and was significantly lower than the CK treatment（P ＜ 0.05）.（4） Compared with the treatment of biochar alone, nicotine could stimulate the mineralization of soil N, but high amount of biochar（T80） could counteract the effect of nicotine. [Conclusion] Appropriate application of biochar may reduce the overall soil microbial activity in the root zone of tobacco plants and increase the basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization potential of the soil, while nicotine will reduce the glucose respiration and increase the mineralization potential of biochar-added soils, conversely. However, the effects of nicotine secreted by the root zone on the soil will be inhibited by hight levels of biochar. by biochar.

为了明确'云烟121'在毕节烟区的推广利用价值,以云烟87(CK)为对照,从生育期、农艺性状、经济性状、化学成分及感官质量方面综合评价'云烟121'在黔西和威宁烟区的适应性.结果表明:'云烟121'在黔西和威宁烟区的大田生育期与CK相比没有差异;主要农艺性状在两个烟区表现相近,在黔西烟区表现稍好;在两个烟区的亩产量和亩产值表现均优于CK.综合化学成分表现和感官质量来看,'云烟121'在威宁烟区种植条件下化学成分更为协调,品质更好.综合表明,'云烟121'的经济性状、品质略优于对照'云烟87',适宜在毕节烟区种植,且在威宁烟区的烟叶亩产值、品质优于黔西烟区,说明更适宜于在威宁烟区推广种植.

为筛选适合毕节烟区生态条件的烤烟新品种,2020年在毕节市田坝桥镇以K326和云烟87为对照,对10个烤烟新品种的农艺性状、经济性状及烟叶质量进行比较分析,并采用灰色关联度分析法进行综合评价.结果表明:GZ39和GZ37综合农艺性状较好,GZ37、GZ39和CF235的产量、产值较高;各品种烟叶外观质量均优于对照K326,烟叶化学成分整体协调;GZ21的感官质量与云烟87相当,其余品种与K326相当;GZ37和GZ39的等权关联度值分别为12.0102、11.2116,明显高于其他品种.综合分析,GZ37和GZ39的综合表现较好,可在毕节烟区进一步示范推广.

本文通过田间试验研究比较了 9个烤烟品种的生育期、农艺性状、经济性状、外观质量、化学成分及感官质量差异.结果表明,云烟207和9011的大田生育期最长,云烟207的打顶株高最高,有效叶数最多,HB030和云烟121的最大叶长较大,9011和贵烟5号最大叶宽较大;云烟210和云烟121的产量最高,云烟121和CF228的产值最高,A28的产量、产值均最低;云烟207和云烟210的外观质量较好,CF228和A28较差;各品种烟叶化学成分整体协调,9011、云烟210和K326的烟碱含量较高,云烟207和贵烟5号的钾含量较高,CF228和HB030的糖碱比较高,9011的糖碱比和氮碱比较低;各品种感官质量与K326相当,A28最差.综合表现以云烟121、云烟210和HB030最好.

[背景和目的]低亲和硝酸盐转运蛋白NRT1家族基因在植物吸收和转运硝态氮过程中发挥重要作用,为研究烟草NRT1家族基因在烟草氮素利用中的作用.[方法]从栽培烟草品种K326中克隆获得NtNRT1.5的全长cDNA序列,利用生物信息分析、qRT-PCR技术和转基因技术系统分析NtNRT1.5基因的序列特征、表达模式及在提高烟草氮素利用效率方面的功能.[结果]NtNRT1.5全长序列包含1800 bp开放阅读框、编码599个氨基酸,编码的蛋白质具有NRT基因家族的共有结构特征,与拟南芥AtNRT1.5相似性达到59.28％.亚细胞定位结果表明NtNRT1.5蛋白定位在细胞膜上,其启动子中包含多个与硝酸盐(A(C/G)TCA)、胁迫(MYB)、根系特异表达(ROOT MOTIF BOX)相关的响应元件.表达模式分析结果表明iVtNRT1.5主要在根部表达,其次是衰老叶片和茎,新叶基本不表达;低氮抑制其在根系中的表达,说明NtNRT1.5主要负责正常条件下的硝酸盐的吸收;低氮条件下,NtNRT1.5过表达显著提高了转基因烟株的氮素利用率.[结论]NtNRT1.5基因在烟草氮素的吸收和转运上行使重要功能,通过提高过表达烟草的氮素利用率,增加植株的生物量.本研究为后期培育烟草氮高效利用新品种提供了理论依据.

[目的]克隆烟草高亲和钾转运蛋白基因(NtHAK5),并分析其在不同非生物胁迫下的表达模式,为深入探究该基因在烟草抵御低钾胁迫等非生物胁迫中的功能和作用机制提供理论参考.[方法]从普通烟草K326中扩增NtHAK5基因编码区(CDS)序列,利用生物信息学软件对其进行预测分析,并构建pBWA(V)HS-NtHAK5-GLosgfp融合表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转染烟草表皮细胞,观察荧光信号以确定蛋白的亚细胞定位情况.利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测NtHAK5基因在不同组织和不同非生物胁迫条件下的表达特性,以无胁迫处理(正常供钾2 mmol/L K+)的植株为对照(CK).[结果]烟草NtHAK5基因CDS序列全长2418 bp,共编码805个氨基酸残基,其编码蛋白的分子量为89874.00 Da,理论等电点(pI)为8.65,属于稳定性疏水蛋白,含有HAK家族蛋白典型的跨膜结构域.NtHAK5基因的二级结构中α-螺旋占40.12％,延伸链占24.97％,无规则卷曲占26.21％,β-折叠占8.70％.NtHAK5蛋白与烟草NtHAK1和黄花烟草NrHAK1蛋白的氨基酸相似性分别为40.69％和40.44％,与拟南芥AtHAK5相似性最高,为58.26％.NtHAK5基因启动子含有厌氧、低温、干旱、脱落酸(ABA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)响应的相关顺式作用元件.NtHAK5蛋白定位在细胞膜上.低钾胁迫处理下和正常供钾(CK)条件下,NtHAK5基因在根、茎、老叶和新叶中均有表达,且均以老叶中相对表达量最高.NtHAK5基因在干旱胁迫、冷害处理、盐胁迫和低钾胁迫下的相对表达量显著高于CK(P<0.05),但在低氮和低磷条件下的相对表达量与CK无显著差异(P>0.05).[结论]NtHAK5基因属于HAK基因家族成员,具有明显组织表达特异性,参与烟草植株对干旱胁迫、冷害胁迫、盐胁迫和低钾胁迫等非生物胁迫响应,推测其编码的蛋白在烟草组织中作为K+转运体参与非生物胁迫下K+的吸收、转运和再利用.

[目的]研究3种类型16种农药对生防菌长枝木霉GF-10的毒性效应,以期为该菌的应用研究奠定基础.[方法]通过平板计数法计算孢子的萌发数和抑制率,并采用EC50值对毒性效应进行评估.[结果]杀虫剂对GF-10菌株的抑制效果为啶虫脒＞高氯·甲维盐＞高效氯氟菊酯＞吡虫啉＞甲氨基阿维菌＞溴氰菊酯;除草剂的抑制效果为敌草胺＞二甲戊灵＞异丙甲草胺＞砜嘧磺隆＞仲灵·异(恶)皤松;杀菌剂的抑制效果为多菌灵＞百菌清＞代森锰锌＞醚菊酯＞(恶)霉·稻瘟灵,其中当异丙甲草胺质量浓度为7.2、72 μg/L、二甲戊灵质量浓度小于45 μg/L、砜嘧磺隆质量浓度小于25μg/L时对GF-10具有促进作用.[结论]田间应用木霉菌GF-10时,可与7.2、72 μg/L的异丙甲草胺、质量浓度小于45μg/L二甲戊灵和质量浓度小于25 μg/L的砜嘧磺隆混合使用,而应避免与本研究提到的其他农药共同使用.

为贵州烤烟生产筛选出替代育苗基质,以云烟87包衣种子为试验材料,采用蔗渣、蚯蚓粪、药渣和稻壳4种废弃有机质材料制成烤烟专用育苗基质,在贵州省的遵义、毕节、黔西南、安顺等烤烟主产区进行烤烟漂浮育苗试验,研究不同育苗基质对烟苗生长发育及综合素质的影响.结果表明:在平均气温和累积生长度日相对较低的遵义和毕节产烟区,以蚯蚓粪基质和稻壳基质进行育苗的效果较好,烟苗农艺性状、出苗率、长势和叶色均优于常规基质;在黔西南和安顺地区,用蚯蚓粪基质育苗可提高烤烟的出苗率,并促进其生长发育,综合性状较好,以药渣为基质在安顺产烟区所育烟苗的农艺性状和叶色较好,蔗渣基质则较差.遵义和毕节产烟区用部分稻壳基质替代常规基质、黔西南产烟区用部分蚯蚓粪基质替代常规基质、安顺产烟区用部分蚯蚓粪基质或药渣基质替代常规基质进行烤烟育苗的效果均较好.

在毕节市七星关的生态环境下,以烤烟毕纳一号为试验材料,研究不同密度、留叶数及施氮量对烟叶质体色素的动态变化和成熟期色素降解及烤后烟叶中性致香成分的影响.结果表明:加密减叶处理可以增加中部叶的产量,并且减少由加密对中下部烟叶的影响.加密减叶处理除新植二烯外香气总量大,中、上部烟叶类西柏烷类分别提高38.6％、18.0％,类胡萝卜素降解产物含量相对常规对照模式种植分别提高9.15％、22.4％,其中B-大马酮分别提高10.5％、27.02％.加密减叶中部烟叶苯丙氨酸类、棕色化产物类含量最高,上部烟叶新植二烯含量最高.

为研究中间香型主要烟区化学成分特征和区域特点，对中间香型主要烟区的7个试点11个品种的主要化学成分进行检测分析和聚类。结果表明：中间香型各烟区烟叶主要化学成分除氯含量偏低（为0．2％）和钾氯比偏高（为12．64）外，其余化学成分均符合优质烟的要求。不同产区、不同品种间的烟叶主要化学成分均存在显著性差异。将7个烟区系统聚类为3类，第一类主要化学成分表现为烟碱含量较高，总糖和还原糖的含量较低，糖碱比低，烟区包括陕西旬阳、重庆武隆和贵州遵义；第二类主要化学成分表现为总氮含量、蛋白质含量、氮碱比和两糖比较低，钾含量、钾氯比较高，其余成分含量中等，主要为山东蒙阴烟区；第三类主要化学成分表现为烟碱含量较低，总糖含量、还原糖含量、糖碱比和氮碱比较高，烟区主要为贵州贵定、湖北咸丰和湖南桑植。

Four-eLement connection number of set pair anaLysis method was appLied to the comprehensive evaLuation for ten new varieties of fLue-cured tobacco on their agronomic characters,economicaL traits,chemicaL components, smoking èuaLities,physicaL features,appearance èuaLities and disease resistances. The resuLts showed that the variety 03-8-4 was eLite,four varieties( AH1001,2010A7,AH1002 and 2010A10)were good,three varieties( K326, 03-4-3 and 03-6-1)were generaL,2010A6 and 6507 were poor. There were significant differences among different grades of tobacco.

In order to understand the photosynthetic physiological characteristics differences of various flue-cured tobacco varieties under drought stress,a pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of mild and severe drought stress on the photosynthetic physiological indices of five flue-cured tobacco varieties: Jiucaiping 2,Qianxi 1,Bina 1,Yunyan87,Yunyan 97 and the relationship with the drought resistance as well.The results showed that,in severe drought treatment,on average,the net photosynthetic rate of five tobacco varieties dropped 48.5%,intercellular CO2 concentration increased 80.9%,transpiration rate decreased 33.6%,stomatal conductance decreased 72.7%.The photosynthetic rate of variety Qianxi 1 and Yunyan 97 decreased less than those of the others,which demonstrated relatively high drought tolerance.

The relationship between main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco and visibility of the intermediate aroma style was investigated through analysis of the 151 tobacco samples from the main area of the intermediate aroma style. The results showed that the intermediate flavor style showed a higher degree when the nicotine content was 3.00%, the ratio of potassium to chlorine ranged from 12 to 16, the ratio of total sugar to nicotine ranged from 6 to 8, the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 and the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar was 0.7. In addition, a regression analysis indicated that the intermediate aroma style value was significantly positive correlated with the nicotine and potassium content, and negatively correlated with the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar.

This article has conducted the preliminary study to the Prunus mongolica Maxim seed characteristic and the germination influence factor. The experimental result indicated that:the Prunus mongolica weight of a thousand seeds is 157.9 ± 4.5g,the peeled seed is easy to sprout;The live seed's water absorbing force is high,from starts of the immersion,first 2h the seed absorbed water is fast;Through uses the TTC way to measure the seed vigor we know,the peeled seed viability reaches as high as 100%;With the TTC way measured,dehydrogenation enzyme activity,when in seed germination process,we know the dehydrogenase activeness to be very high,and in the different germination period,dehydrogenase activeness are different,dehydrogenase activeness to be highest through 3h absorbed water,reaches as high as 8.97%. The normal temperature,under the natural illumination,the Prunus mongolica Maxim seed-germination percentage is 86.67%;In the 1cm deep soil,the seed rate of seedlings emergence reach 100%,surpasses 3cm,it is remarkable drop;When Prunus mongolica Maxim seed germination the soil most suitable humidity is 15%-25%,iflower than 15% or higher than 25%,the rate of seedlings emergence is remarkable drop;The soil moisture has extremely obviously affects to the seedling survival percentage,when the humidity is 20.26%,the seedling mortality rate reaches as high as 50%.