【Objective】According to the current situation such as low content of available potassium and insufficient application of potassium fertilizer of peanut production in Liaoning province, this study explored the effects of different potassium levels on peanut root system, nodule characteristics, main nutrient absorption rate and yield, so as to determine the optimal application rate of potassium fertilizer and provide the theoretical basis and reference for local peanut production.【Method】This study was conducted in Shenyang Agricultural University from 2018 to 2019. Under the condition of normal application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer needed for peanut field production, four potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate) treatments of 0 (CK), 112.5 kg·hm-2 (T1), 225 kg·hm-2 (T2) and 337.5 kg·hm-2 (T3) were used to study the effects of different potassium application rates on root morphology of plough layer, nodule characteristics, nutrient absorption and yield of peanut.【Result】Potassium application had little effect on root dry weight of peanut, and there was no significant indigenous difference in root dry matter accumulation treatments. Compared with CK, the total root length, total root surface area and total root volume in plough layer of peanut were significantly increased under T2. Root nodules were more sensitive to potassium concentration, and the number and dry weight of nodules reached the maximum at all stages when the amount of potassium application was 112.5 kg·hm-2. The increase of potassium application might also accelerate the formation and senescence of nodules. The application of potassium fertilizer increased the maximum accumulation rate, average accumulation rate and maximum accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, prolonged the active accumulation period of nitrogen and potassium. The yield components such as pods per plant and yield under T2 were higher than that under other treatments.【Conclusion】When the potassium application rate was 225 kg·hm-2 ( T2 ), it was most conducive to peanut root growth and nutrient absorption, and the yield increase effect was the best. When the potassium application rate was 112.5 kg·hm-2, the growth of nodules was the best, however, the yield increase effect was weaker than that of T2.

为明确不同粒型花生品种品质形成规律,在大田试验条件下,以大粒型品种花育22、中粒型品种铁引花2号和小粒型品种农花16为试材,采用完全随机设计,研究了不同粒型花生品种荚果成熟过程中水分含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、可溶性糖含量以及淀粉含量的动态变化规律.试验结果表明:花生荚果成熟过程中含水量逐渐下降,大粒型品种籽仁含水量大于中粒型和小粒型,差异显著(P<0.05);籽仁粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量逐渐积累,中粒型品种粗蛋白含量始终高于小粒型品种和大粒型品种,而粗脂肪含量是小粒型品种高于其它两品种,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05);结荚期花生荚果可溶性糖含量及淀粉含量均呈下降趋势,小粒型品种淀粉含量高于中粒型和大粒型,差异显著(P<0.05).对不同粒型花生品种品质的相关性分析表明,在荚果的发育过程中,籽仁粗脂肪含量与粗蛋白含量之间呈负相关关系,可溶性糖与淀粉含量之间呈显著的正相关,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量与可溶性糖和淀粉含量呈极显著的负相关.本研究结果可结果可为选育优质专用花生品种提供理论依据.

为了探究在辽宁省花生过早剥壳是否会影响种子发芽率、出苗率及产量,本研究于2017年、2018年以农花5号、农花13和花育22为试材,研究了不同剥壳时间对花生发芽率、出苗率及产量的影响.结果表明,不同处理间种子含水量均较低,2017年T1处理种子含水量变幅为4.25％～4.29％,T3处理变幅为3.52％～3.59％,同一年份同一品种不同处理的种子含水量差异均未达到显著水平;不同剥壳时间对花生发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均无显著影响,对出苗率、产量构成因素及产量的影响差异均未达到显著水平.因此,在辽宁省无论是几月份剥壳,均不影响花生的发芽率、出苗率及产量,证明辽宁省花生在春节过后即可剥壳,可避免花生播种前集中剥壳而造成人力、机械紧张的问题.

为明确辽宁地区高产花生推荐钾肥用量,本试验以农花9号为试材,采用大田随机区组试验,设四个钾肥梯度:0 kg·hm-2(CK)、112.5 kg·hm-2(T1)、225.0 kg·hm-2(T2)和337.5 kg·hm-2(T3),研究了不同钾水平对花生光合特性及产量的影响.2年试验结果表明,适量增施钾肥能有效增加叶面积指数,增强开花下针期和结荚期的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci);增施钾肥还能提高光合作用的表观初始量子效率(T)、最大净光合速率(Pmax)和光饱和点(Isat),降低光补偿点(Lcp)和表观暗呼吸速率(Rd);最终增加花生单株果数、单株果重、百果重、百仁重和产量,2年不同处理间,均以T2处理产量最高,分别比对照增产7.37％和12.54％,且显著高于其它各处理.因此,本地区花生大田生产的最佳推荐施钾量为225.0 kg·hm-2.

辽宁省作为我国花生的主产区之一,普遍存在施肥不均衡的现象,合理配施肥料是提高花生产量和改善花生品质的有效手段.以农花5号为试材,采用大田随机区组试验,在施用一定氮磷钾肥的基础上,设置4个不同钙钼硼肥配比处理:氧化钙75kg·hm-2(T1)、氧化钙75kg·hm-2+钼酸铵7.5kg·hm-2(T2)、氧化钙75kg·hm-2+钼酸铵7.5kg·hm-2+硼酸22.5kg·hm-2(T3)和不施钙钼硼肥(CK),研究钙钼硼肥的不同配施组合对花生光合生理特性及产量品质的影响.2年的试验结果表明:单施钙肥处理(T1)和钙钼肥配施处理(T2)可以使农花5号花生在结荚期及以后维持较高的叶色值(SPAD值),显著增强开花下针期和结荚期叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度以及群体光合势,进而提高花生的百果重、百仁重、单株饱果数和荚果产量,其中以T2处理效果最佳,2年产量分别为6438.24kg·hm-2和6015.47kg·hm-2,比对照增产13.6％和6.9％,单施钙肥处理(T1)次之,而钙钼硼配施处理(T3)则表现为较对照群体光合势降低和产量减少,两年分别比对照减产3.65％和14.77％;在花生籽仁品质方面,增施中微肥显著或极显著提高了脂肪、亚油酸和蛋白质含量,显著降低了可溶性糖含量,而对油酸含量的影响不显著,其中T1和T2处理的脂肪含量,T1、T2和T3处理的亚油酸含量,T2处理的蛋白质含量均显著或极显著高于对照,而T2和T3处理的可溶性糖含量极显著低于CK处理,T2处理的各品质指标在3 个处理中变化最大,其次为T1 和T3 处理.

Grafting is an important agricultural technique widely used to improve plant growth, yield, and adaptation to either biotic or abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying grafting-induced physiological processes remain unclear. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Grafting technique is commonly used in watermelon production for improving its tolerance to stresses, especially to the soil-borne fusarium wilt disease. In the present study, we used high-throughput sequencing to perform a genome-wide transcript analysis of scions from watermelon grafted onto bottle gourd and squash rootstocks. Our transcriptome and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling data provided insights into the molecular aspects of gene regulation in grafted watermelon. Compared with self-grafted watermelon, there were 787 and 3485 genes differentially expressed in watermelon grafted onto bottle gourd and squash rootstocks, respectively. These genes were associated with primary and secondary metabolism, hormone signaling, transcription factors, transporters, and response to stimuli. Grafting led to changes in expression of these genes, suggesting that they may play important roles in mediating the physiological processes of grafted seedlings. The potential roles of the grafting-responsive mRNAs in diverse biological and metabolic processes were discussed. Obviously, the data obtained in this study provide an excellent resource for unraveling the mechanisms of candidate genes function in diverse biological processes and in environmental adaptation in a graft system.

Nitrogen is taken up by most plant species in the form of nitrate and ammonium. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different nitrogen forms on the growth of watermelon seedlings. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture with five nitrate (NO3−)/ammonium (NH4+) ratios (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100). When the proportion of NH4+ was increased, the leaf number, leaf area, shoot height, net photosynthesis, biomass, and root growth were significantly decreased. Higher concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were observed when plants were supplied with mixed NO3− and NH4+ compared to NO3− or NH4+ alone, whereas the concentrations of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were decreased with increasing NH4+. The microelements concentrations were generally increased with more NH4+ added. In addition, plants fed with higher NO3−/NH4+ ratios resulted in more minerals accumulation.

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对12个宾王菇菌株进行酯酶同工酶分析,考查菌株间的亲缘关系。结果表明:12个宾王菇菌株共检测出11种酶带类型,菌株间酯酶同工酶谱带分布呈多样性,同一个取样地区菌株间谱带相似,利用DPS软件进行聚类分析,以Jaccard距离0.76为切割点将供试菌株聚为3类。结果表明:阜新地区宾王菇菌株遗传资源丰富,菌株间的亲缘关系与地理来源关系密切。

Based on study of characteristics of urban rail traffic system, necessity of research on characters of traffic running is proposed. From angle of theory of systematic engineering, the author draws simulation of calculation and analyzes running process of railway train traction. And on the basis, the author inquires into safe following operation distance between both under CBTC mode and fixed block mode based on Qt platform. All these provide effectively theoretical and technical support for the control of operating characteristics of urban rail transport in engineering.

<正>盖引香菇1号品种是大连盖世食品有限公司从日本引进的菌株中精心选择、并经过多年驯化而获得的优良香菇品种。该品种菇形圆整、美观、肉质坚韧、棕褐色、有光泽;生物转化率高,在生产实践中转化率能达到100%~120%;菌株优良性

新生代农民工群体是城市发展的重要力量,他们的生活状况受到社会各界的日益关注。本次研究在因子分析的基础上,采用有序Probit模型对影响其生活满意度的因素进行深入研究。结果表明,就业层次低、就业稳定性差、二元户籍的存在等方面是制约生活满意度提升的重要因素。根据研究结论,主要从政府、企业、媒体三个不同职能部门出发,提出政策建议,希望能为提高新生代农民工生活满意度及有关部门科学决策尽到绵薄之力。

In order to improve the cultivation level of slippery mushroom in the north of China, a cultivation method of whole grog slippery mushroom from "shell" strains is put forward. The inoculators of this technique can be used repetitively and the production cost is low with short growth cycle and same cell age as well as strong hypha. This article examines the production method of "shell" strains, the varieties of slippery mushrooms and the selection of raw materials as well as the management skills at the stages of spawn running and fruiting in an effort to provide reference for the production of slippery mushrooms.

提出了半熟料滑菇生产方法,指出了半熟料袋料栽培技术的特点,介绍了滑菇品种和原料配方的选择、灭菌装袋、发菌期和出菇期的管理及采取方法等。

Based on the train traction calculation theroy,combining with the operation characteristics of the urban rail system,and concerning the relationship of the train moving distance,velocity and time,a train operation control simulation tool using the drawing engine of Qt platform was developed.Firstly,the tool provides a control interface based on the train standard running curves and outputs the train real-time moving curvers using the programming tool;Secondly,the tool can simulate the train control situation and outputs different train moving curves by the custom or predefined modes,and it can display the train moving parameters on an information panel under different situations.

Watermelons were grafted on bottle gourd and pumpkin, effects of grafting on phosphorus up- take and utilization of watermelon at early stage under low phosphorus stress were studied by hydroponics. The results showed that grafting can enhance dry matter, leaf area and plant height of watermelon at early stage. And root morphological parameters and photosynthetic rate of grafted watermelon were superior to watermelon. Phosphorus uptake and utilization of grafted watermelon were higher than watermelon under low Phosphorus stress. Different rootstocks performed differently, watermelon grafted on pumpkin performed better than watermelon grafted on bottle gourd. So grafting can enhance phosphorus uptake and uti- lization of watermelon at early stage under low phosphorus stress.

The purpose of this study was to study the ovule-specific expression of the transgenic plants. Genomic DNA was extracted from Arabidopsis thaliana by using CTAB method, 35S::pCAMBIA1304-L117 gene plant expression vector was contructed, and then the genetic transformation of tomato was carried out. According to the reported INO promoter sequence, a pair of special primers was designed and synthesized. They were used to amplify by PCR, and this fragment was inserted into vector and sequenced. The results showed that, the cloned fragment had a homology of 100% with the INO promoter logged on GenBank. Furthermore the plant expression vector of pCAMBIA1304-L117 replacing the CAMV35S promoter with INO was constructed and transformed into agrobacterium EHA105 by the freezing method. The 35S:: pCAMBIA1304-L117 gene plant expression vector was constructed, and it would lay a more foundation.

以‘盖引杏鲍菇1号’品种与3个省内主栽杏鲍菇品种为材料,通过菌株生长情况、生长周期、子实体农艺性状、产量及抗性等一系列性状的比较,结果表明该菌株子实体呈棒状,质地脆嫩,生长周期短,生物转化率高,抗杂、抗病能力强。

The changes in the levels of disease symptoms,water content,relative electrical conductivity,reactive oxygen species（ROS）and glucosinolates were investigated during the course of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection of Chinese kale（Brassica albograbra Bailey）.The results showed that,during the infection,brown lesions appeared from the infection sites,and gradually expanded to the entire leaves.The relative water content decreased gradually,while the relative electrical conductivity increased,and ROS（hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion）accumulated steadily.The contents of glucobrassicin,4-methoxyglucobrassicin,neoglucobrassicin and sinigrin increased at the beginning and then decreased,but the contents of gluconapin and progoitrin declined.These results suggested that glucosinolates,especially indole glucosinolates might be involved in the defense of Chinese kale against S.sclerotiorum.

随着工业化和城市化进程的加快,失地农民急剧增多,土地被征用后的农民基本生活保障在很大程度面临侵害。土地的保障功能、城乡分割的二元体制、失地农民单一的货币安置均呼唤制定失地农民社会保障条例。该条例需包含合理的征地补偿和利益分享机制、保障法律制度、再就业机制和教育培训保障机制等内容。

资生堂是一家有着百年历史的全球性化妆品集团,在中国市场资生堂率先提出专卖店合作经营模式,在此过程中,资生堂凭借先进的经营方法和强大的经营能力取得了不错的成绩,同时由于复杂的市场情况也出现了一些负面影响。本文就此进行简要分析,并提出解决办法。