据国内老年长期照护现状指出相应制度亟待完善,其相应路径为:提高老年人的自我养老储备能力,延长自我照护时间;弘扬中华民族养老的优良传统,加强家庭养老伦理文化建设,完善家庭养老健康照护功能;开展社区多层次、多类别养老服务,满足养老长期照护的个性化需求,形成多层次老年长期照护体系.

我国人口老龄化、高龄化问题严重,失能老年人的数量不断增多,老年人的医疗和护理问题令人堪忧.探索新型"医养结合"养老模式,为改变当前"医养分离"的问题提供新的道路,且中医药为"医养结合"注入了新的活力.文章采用SWOT分析法对中医药特色"医康养健"四位一体机构养老模式进行研究,并对此提出了相应的对策与建议,进一步为"医养结合"服务实践的开展提供借鉴和参考.

为了解医学生对新冠肺炎疫情防控的责任认知,培养其职业责任,自行设计医学生疫情灾害防控责任认知调查问卷,通过问卷星收集医学院校218名在校生资料,采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行统计分析.结果显示,医学生自身疫情防控责任认知方面,20.2％的医学生做不到每天锻炼身体;10.1％的医学生不能做到每天规律作息;其余自身防控措施实施情况均达90.0％以上.社会责任认知方面,超过93.1％的医学生有良好的疫情防控社会责任,能主动向家人、朋友和邻居宣传疫情防控知识;97.2％的医学生愿意参加社区疫情志愿活动.性别、年龄、年级、居住环境对医学生疫情防控责任认知的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05);户籍、疫情可能影响医患关系及疫情信息获取途径对医学生疫情防控责任认知的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05).因此,医学院校在疫情防控背景下,应积极结合医务工作者感人事迹,融合课程思政、拓展课堂和社会实践、搜集线上会议资源等,提高医学生的职业责任、医德教育质量和效果.

目的 调查分析高血压患者自我管理行为与生存质量的相关性,为采取措施提高其生存质量提供依据.方法 运用高血压患者自我管理行为量表和世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)收集200例高血压患者的资料,并对所收集资料进行统计分析.结果 高血压患者自我管理行为总分(3.37±0.61)分和各维度得分、生存质量总体(3.36±0.66)分和各维度得分均处于中等水平,饮食调节、运动锻炼、日常活动与休息、用药、情绪控制、病情监测等行为影响生存质量多个领域.结论 强化高血压患者的自我管理行为有利于提高其生存质量.

目的 调查分析慢性病老年人的心理健康现状及影响因素.方法 运用老年抑郁量表、状态-特质焦虑问卷、情绪-社交孤独问卷对177例慢性病老年人进行调查.结果 慢性病老年人抑郁、状态焦虑、特质焦虑、孤立和孤独得分分别为(12.97±6.74)、(43.62±8.47)、(44.76±7.87)、(12.46±8.32)、(11.51±8.45)分;抑郁检出率为64.4％;婚姻状况、患慢性病种数对抑郁得分有显著影响(P<0.05),年龄影响状态焦虑(P<0.05),学历影响状态焦虑、特质焦虑、社交孤独、社交孤立、孤独总分(P<0.01,P<0.05),情绪孤立、社交孤立、情绪孤独、社交孤独均受婚姻状况影响(P<0.001,P<0.01),职业影响情绪孤立(P<0.05).结论 慢性病老年人心理健康状况较一般老年人差,应加强精神支持,促进心理健康.

卫生管理类学术期刊间的竞争日益激烈,要使期刊在同类期刊中占有一席之地,对卫生管理类编辑而言,需与时俱进,具备高度的政治思想素质,具备与专业有关的法律意识,具备卫生管理类专业素质,让期刊在国家和群众间发挥良好的沟通作用,以高质量的编辑素质促进期刊的发展.

Objective To analyze the Chengdu municipal social support network of chronic disease elderly to provide refer-ence for systematically building and perfecting the pension system of urban community chronic disease elderly.Methods The self-designed questionnaire and convenience sampling method were adopted to perform the investigation on 234 aged patients with chro-nic disease from Chengdu City.Results The prevalence rates of one,two,three or more chronic diseases were 56.84%,27.78%and 15.38% respectively.The demands for economic,care and spiritual support in the elderly patients with chronic disease were 66.70%,50.00% and 78.20% respectively.The education degree,fixed monthly income,monthly average cost of disease,number and time of suffering from chronic diseases affected the demands for social support.The economic,care and social support degrees were(3.72 ± 1.37),(3.90 ± 1.19)and(3.64 ± 1.08)point respectively.Level of education,marital status,fixed income,duration of illness,and cost of illness affected the social support degree.The economic and care support mainly came from the spouses and chil-dren,but the spiritual support not only came from the inside family,but also the part came from the outside family.Conclusion Constructing a perfect social support network with multiple approaches of community and family is conducive to improve the quality of life in chronic disease elderly.

阐述慢性病老人社会支持网国内外研究现状,提出以社会支持网理论构建社区养老护理体系的观点,为老龄化社会社区养老护理体系的不断完善寻求理论支撑.

近日,辽宁省肿瘤医院医学影像科主任、辽宁省政协委员罗娅红提出建议,将恶性肿瘤的早期筛查、早期诊断纳入医保体系,并提出具体方案. 罗娅红介绍,在临床治疗费用上,辽宁省早期诊断并得到手术治疗的恶性肿瘤患者人均治疗花费约1.5万元,晚期姑息治疗患者的年人均治疗花费约6万元.而目前,该省得到早期诊断、早期治疗的患者仅占8.97％.

Objective: To explore the application effect of anchor casting teaching strategy in the community nursing , and to train community nursing person-nel in line with the needs of the post.Methods: Two classes (Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ) of full -time nursing undergraduates were selected as the objects for study.Class I of 65 students was selected as the experimental group, and Class Ⅱ of 67 students was selected as the control group.The experimental group was lectured with anchor casting teaching strategy and the control group was lectured with traditional teaching methods .After the lectures, the independent learning ability and final examination results were compared between the two groups .Results: The final examination results and the independent learning a-bility scores of all dimensions (learning motivation, plan and implementation, self -management and interpersonal communication) and total scores of the students in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05).Conclusion:The anchor casting teaching strategy can stimulate students'interest in learning, improve their comprehensive abilities like independent learning ability and interpersonal communication and professional emotion, and improve teaching effect.

启示一:医院不是药厂,病房不是药房.必须破除以药补医,向以技强医转变,才能使医院寻找到发展壮大的动力源泉. 实践证明,医院不能长期依赖虚高的药品收入,而要靠医院的核心技术和医疗质量.沈阳军区总医院下功夫持续推进合理用药,把医护人员的心思和精力“从电话本和计算器转移到了钻研医疗技术水平上”,非但没有因为失去部分药品加成收入而陷入困境,反而因为更加注重技术创新而找到了新的增长点.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:探讨基于实训的基础护理学教学模式对大专护生学习成绩的影响。方法:用整群抽样方法抽取176名护理大专生,随机将其分为对照组和试验组,每组88名。对照组采用传统教学模式,试验组采用基于实训的教学模式,改革前及改革后分别用理论考核试卷和技能考核标准测评两组护生的学习成绩。结果:改革前,两组护生理论和技能考核成绩的差异无统计学意义（P&gt;0.05）;改革后,试验组护生理论和技能考核成绩有很大的提高,且明显高于对照组（P&lt;0.05）。结论:基于实训的基础护理学教学模式有助于提高学生的学习成绩。</span>

应对养老问题,我国目前主要形成和发展了家庭养老、机构养老、社区养老等形式〔1〕. 本研究提出自助养老理念,并对成都市中心城区老年人自助养老现状及需求进行调查. 1 对象与方法 1.1 研究对象 2012年5~6月方便抽样随机选取成都市社区60岁及以上,思维和表达能力正常,愿意配合的老年人152人. 其中男78人,女74人;60~74岁90人,75~89岁58人,90岁及以上4人;文化程度小学及以下38人,中学68人,大专40 人,本科 6 人;家庭月收入 1 000 元以下者 10 人, 1 000~2 999元者62人,3 000 ~4 999 元52 人,5 000 元以上28人.

目的:调查城市社区人群自杀态度,为城市自杀行为的预防和干预提供依据.方法:通过分层随机抽样选择对象,采用自杀态度问卷QSA进行调查.结果:有效问卷470份,有效率89.5％.人群自杀态度各维度均处于中立或矛盾水平;不同性别人群对自杀行为性质的认识(P＜0.05)和对安乐死的态度(P＜0.01)存在差异;40岁及以下组和40岁以上组在对待自杀者家属的态度和安乐死的态度方面均存在差异(P＜0.01).结论:对社区人群进行生命意义教育,强化家庭、学校、社会各级干预机制,注重个体化干预措施,以减少自杀行为的发生.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:调查城市社区人群自杀态度,为城市社区一般人群自杀的预防和干预提供依据。方法:通过分层随机抽样选择对象,采用自杀态度问卷QSA进行调查。结果:有效问卷470份,有效率89.5%。人群自杀态度各维度均处于中立或矛盾水平;不同性别的人群对自杀行为性质的认识（P&lt;0.05）和对安乐死的态度（P&lt;0.01）存在差异;40岁及以下组和40岁以上组在对待自杀者家属的态度和安乐死的态度方面均存在差异（P&lt;0.01）。结论:对社区人群进行生命意义教育,强化家庭、学校、社会各级干预机制,注重个体化干预措施,以减少自杀行为的发生。</span>

It is significant to implement the legal system on food safety supervision, which centered with the Food Safety Law of People's Republic of China. Based on analyzing the problems of legal system on food safety supervision in China, some countermeasures were put forward, such as methodizing legal system, defining supervision subjects, regularizing information issuing system, perfecting safety standard, and intensifying penalty on il egal behaviors.

Objective:To study the status and demand of self-providing for the aged in communities,and provide references for promoting reform on diversified providing for the aged.Method:One hundred and fifty-two old people aged over&nbsp;60 were randomly chosen from communities and surveyed with self-made questionnaire.Result:73.7%of these old people had never received volunteer care from other old people. And 82.9%of them had never received compensated care from other old people. 73.7%of them had never provided volunteer care for other old people. And 90.8%of them had never provided compensated care for other old people. 73.7%of them had the desire to accept volunteer care from other old people. And 55.3%of them had the desire to accept compensated care from other old people. 73.7%of them had the desire to offer volunteer care to other old people. And 51.3%of them had the desire to offer compensated care to other old people. Conclusion:The old people in communities have weak cognition of self-providing for the aged,but have more desire to self-providing for the aged, which needs to be encouraged to improve diversified providing for the aged.

随着人口老龄化、人们生活方式和生活水平的改变，糖尿病患病率呈逐年増长趋势。据资料统计，中国糖尿病患病率从20世纪80年代至今增加了5～6倍，估计现患糖尿病患者9240万，居世界第一［1］。临床上使用胰岛素进行糖尿病治疗已有80余年历史，其可有效控制血糖，预防和延缓各种急、慢性并发症的发生［2］。本研究对社区糖尿病患者自我注射胰岛素现况进行调查分析，发现并探讨存在的问题，为制订社区健康教育计划提供依据。

To survey and analyze the effect of health education based on"Knowlege,Attitude and Practice"( KAP) for community diabetes patients with insulin injections and provide basis for the implementation of community health education. Methods Randomly selected 78 cases of community insulin diabetes patients with insulin self-injection for health education,and the questionnaire was used before and after the implementation of education. Results The effect of acquiring knowledge was good after health education for patients with insulin self-injection,and the difference was statistically significant( P<0. 05). Conclusion KAP mode can be used in community health education in order to enhance its effect.