BACKGROUND:To compare the efficacy and safety of different acupuncture and/or moxibustion methods in the treatment of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence using frequency-based network meta-analysis (NMA) method. METHODS:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture and/or moxibustion for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence published from database inception to September 1, 2024, were identified through computerized searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. NMA was conducted using Stata 16.0 software. RESULTS:A total of 17 RCTs involving 9 methods and 1286 patients were included. The NMA showed that needling-warm moxibustion was the most effective in improving the total effective rate, gentle moxibustion (GM) was the most effective in reducing International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, and standard acupuncture was the most effective in improving Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire. Electroacupuncture had the highest incidence of adverse events. Considering International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form and Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire, GM may be the most ideal choice. CONCLUSION:Based on NMA, GM, needling-warm moxibustion, and standard acupuncture were found to have the highest probability of being the best therapies. Due to the limitations of this study, these results should be confirmed by detailed RCTs.

To compare the efficacy and safety of Yinhua Miyanling Tablets (YMT) versus levofloxacin in the treatment of female patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs). A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted from August 2022 to August 2023 in 9 tertiary hospitals across China. By using a block randomization method, 480 female patients with uUTI were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either YMT 2 g, 4 times daily for 7 consecutive days (plus levofloxacin-matching placebo) or levofloxacin tablets 0.5 g, once daily for 3 consecutive days (plus YMT-matching placebo). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients requiring additional antimicrobial therapy for uUTIs between day 1 and days 38–42 of treatment, while the secondary outcomes included the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) and urinalysis after 42-d treatment. Safety assessments were conducted based on all adverse events (AEs) and abnormal laboratory test results. A total of 458 women with uUTIs were enrolled in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Between day 1 and days 38–42 of treatment, the proportion of patients requiring additional antimicrobial therapy was 20.8

AIMS:Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition among adults and imposes a substantial societal burden, yet its association with all-cause mortality remains uncertain. This study systematically reviewed and quantified the association between UI and mortality risk. METHODS:A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 10, 2026, following PRISMA guidelines. Observational cohort studies comparing all-cause mortality between individuals with and without UI were included. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models. Prespecified subgroup analyses and random-effects meta-regression were performed to explore heterogeneity, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS:Seventeen studies involving 82,739 participants were included. UI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07-1.34), although heterogeneity was substantial (I² = 80.4%). Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the observed association. Subgroup analyses suggested stronger associations with increasing UI severity (HR = 1.20, 1.27, and 1.67 across severity categories) and in studies with shorter follow-up ( < 5 years, HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.20-2.98), raising the possibility of reverse causation. Meta-regression identified diagnostic modality (p = 0.026) as a potential contributor to heterogeneity. The certainty of evidence was rated as very low. CONCLUSIONS:UI was associated with increased all-cause mortality; however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously due to substantial heterogeneity, potential residual confounding, and potential reverse causation. Rather than indicating a direct causal effect, UI may function primarily as a clinical marker of frailty, multimorbidity, and overall health decline. Further well-designed prospective studies with repeated exposure assessment and more comprehensive adjustment for frailty and comorbidity are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION:This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) under the registration number CRD42024618197.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases requiring convenient and appropriate treatment. Nemonoxacin is active against the common pathogens of UTIs. However, more clinical data are required to further support the utility of 500 mg nemonoxacin once daily in treatment of acute lower UTI. We conducted a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter clinical trial in outpatients with acute lower UTI, including uncomplicated UTI (uUTI), recurrent UTI (rUTI), and complicated UTI (cUTI). The patients were prospectively enrolled to take 500 mg nemonoxacin capsules once daily for 3 days (uUTI and rUTI) or 14 days (cUTI). The baseline data, clinical symptoms, laboratory and microbiological tests were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nemonoxacin. The clinical and microbiological efficacy were evaluated using the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) set and microbiologically modified intent-to-treat (m-mITT) set, respectively. The comprehensive efficacy and safety were assessed using microbiologically evaluable (ME) set and safety set (SS), respectively. A total of 404 patients were enrolled. Majority (90.1

BACKGROUND:Metabolic hyperferritinemia (MHF) is associated with the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence of MHF, as defined by the latest consensus, and validate its association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with different glucose metabolism conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS:This retrospective study included 7498 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, with a median follow-up duration of 2.5 years. MHF is defined as an elevation in serum ferritin accompanied by metabolic dysfunction, and is categorized into different grades based on ferritin levels. The outcome of the study is MACEs. Among the 7498 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (with an average age of 70.23±10.85 years; 52.68% male), nearly one third (29.7%) had MHF. The majority of these patients were classified as Grade 1 (21.7%), with Grade 2 accounting for 5.2% and Grade 3 for 2.9%. As the severity of MHF increased, the proportion of patients with abnormal glucose metabolism (prediabetes and diabetes) also increased. Cox regression analysis revealed that, even after full adjustment, MHF Grade 2/3 remained significantly associated with a higher risk of MACEs compared with non-MHF (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43 [95% CI, 1.26-1.62]). The correlation between MHF and MACEs remained consistent across different glucose metabolism statuses. CONCLUSIONS:In the population with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the baseline prevalence of MHF is notably high. Furthermore, patients who exhibit higher grades of MHF are at an increased risk of MACEs. Additionally, patients with elevated MHF grades also suffer from higher proportions of diabetes and prediabetes.

Backgrounds Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) has been proposed as a major mechanism and a potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM); however, it has not been fully investigated in a clinical setting. The angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (AMR) is a novel non-invasive measurement of CMD that exhibits promising clinical applications. Methods AMR was measured in hospitalized patients with DbCM and in control patients. The incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and effects of pharmacological interventions on CMD were investigated. Results AMR was significantly higher in patients who met the DbCM-2B diagnostic criteria. The independent risk factors for abnormal AMR included diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP). Patients with elevated NT-pro-BNP had high AMR, and those grouped by medication indicated that ACEI/ARB, sacubitril/valsartan, and trimetazidine might lower AMR in patients with elevated NT-pro-BNP. Conclusions The DbCM-2B diagnostic criteria demonstrated a strong correlation with CMD. ACEI/ARB, sacubitril/valsartan, and trimetazidine might improve CMD in patients with DbCM.

Ferroptosis is a major contributor to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and represents a promising therapeutic target; however, effective medications that specifically target ferroptosis are still lacking. Consequently, strategies aimed at suppressing the expression of ferroptosis-related genes, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), appear to be a feasible therapeutic approach for IVDD. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) exhibits exceptionally high binding affinity for nucleic acids, including siRNA. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by challenges such as limited siRNA encapsulation and potential toxicity arising from Zn2(+) ion release during degradation. In the current study, a novel siRNA delivery system is designed with low toxicity, high encapsulation efficiency, and sustained release by hybridizing classical ZIF-8 with histidine (H-ZIF-8) through defect engineering. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that H-ZIF-8 significantly enhances the delivery efficiency of siATF3 in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), and effectively suppresses ferroptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Furthermore, the incorporation of histidine into ZIF-8 may improve its biocompatibility by reducing the proportion of Zn2(+) ions present. In vivo, siATF3@H-ZIF-8 significantly inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in a rat model through sustaining ATF3 knockdown. This research suggests that histidine-modified ZIF-8 may serve as a novel system for siRNA delivery and an effective gene therapy method for diseases, including IVDD.

BACKGROUND:Although Yinhua Miyanling tablet has demonstrated promising efficacy in managing uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), robust clinical evidence from large-scale studies remains scarce. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety profile of Yinhua Miyanling tablet in the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs, providing an evidence-based assessment for clinical practice. METHODS:A comprehensive computerized search was conducted across multiple databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Big Medical Knowledge Base, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search period spanned from the inception of each database to October 2023, aiming to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of Yinhua Miyanling tablets in treating uncomplicated UTIs. The selected studies were subjected to meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom). The methodological quality of the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (version 5.1.0; The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom) and the modified Jadad scale. Additionally, the GRADE system was employed to evaluate the overall quality of evidence. RESULTS:A total of 14 RCTs, involving 1773 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that Yinhua Miyanling tablets, whether used alone or in combination with Western medicine, significantly improved clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rates while reducing recurrence rates (all P < .05). Notably, there was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the treatment and control groups, suggesting a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSION:The Yinhua Miyanling tablet demonstrates therapeutic potential in managing uncomplicated UTIs. However, the current evidence is limited by the relatively low methodological quality of included studies. Further validation through large-scale, multicenter RCTs with rigorous designs is warranted to strengthen these findings. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence assessment, the available data provide moderate confidence in the efficacy of Yinhua Miyanling tablet for treating uncomplicated UTIs.

BACKGROUND:The Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio (SHR), which serves as an indicator of blood glucose variability in response to acute illness or injury, has been established as a predictor of long-term prognosis for various diseases, particularly those affecting cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between SHR and patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in conjunction with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS:From January 2013 to December 2019, this study enrolled a total of 465 patients with ACS complicated by CKD at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin, and other relevant parameters were recorded for these patients, and they were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). RESULTS:A total of 465 patients were ultimately included, of whom 97 experienced MACE during the follow-up period. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SHR is an independent risk factor for patients with ACS complicated by CKD. The group with elevated SHR exhibited the highest incidence of MACE, and a nonlinear "J-shaped" relationship was observed between SHR and the risk of MACE, with an inflection point at 0.84. However, no significant heterogeneity was noted in the subgroup analysis. The inclusion of SHR enhances the predictive capability of the GRACE score. CONCLUSION:SHR serves as a reliable indicator of long-term outcomes in patients with ACS and CKD. Additionally, SHR enhances the prognostic accuracy of the GRACE score for ACS-CKD patients.

Background Minerals play an important role in human health, but their effect on urinary function remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary intake of minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Se) and urine flow rate (UFR).Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2009-2018) database. Multivariate regression and smooth curve fitting were used to investigate the association between dietary mineral intakes and UFR. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were used to investigate whether this association was stable in the population.Results Our study involving 10,229 representative adult NHANES participants showed an association between Mg intake and UFR in a linear regression model for continuous variables. And in the model analysis of tertile categorical variables, we observed a positive association between six mineral intakes (Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, and K) and UFR. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis further support the nonlinear relationship between mineral intakes and UFR. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests ensured the reliability and robustness of the findings.Conclusion This study examined the effects of nine dietary minerals on UFR and found that intake of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, and K were positively correlated with UFR, suggesting that these minerals may have a positive effect on improving urinary function. In particular, Mg showed a more significant positive correlation with UFR in women, while Na showed a stronger positive correlation in diabetics. However, P, Fe and Se did not show significant correlations. In summary, although these findings provide a preliminary understanding of the relationship between dietary minerals and urinary function, further prospective studies are still necessary to validate these relationships and explore the physiologic mechanisms underlying them.

目的 基于核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路探讨益气活血托毒方对自身免疫性前列腺炎(EAP)小鼠的影响及作用机制.方法 50只C57BL/6小鼠采用前列腺蛋白提纯液联合弗氏完全佐剂制备EAP小鼠模型,将造模成功的40只小鼠随机分为模型组、西药组(坦索罗辛)和中药(益气活血托毒方)低、高剂量组,每组10只,另取10只小鼠作为空白组,各给药组分别予相应药物灌胃,连续4周.观察小鼠一般状况,ELISA检测血清炎症因子及免疫球蛋白含量,HE染色观察前列腺组织病理变化,Western blot检测前列腺组织p-NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB抑制物激酶β(p-IKK-β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)蛋白表达.结果 与空白组比较,模型组小鼠体质量减少(P＜0.01),血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IgA、IgG、IgM含量升高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),前列腺组织炎症反应明显,p-NF-κB p65、p-IKK-β、TNF-α、IL-1β蛋白表达升高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);与模型组比较,中药低、高剂量组和西药组小鼠体质量增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),中药高剂量组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IgA、IgG、IgM含量明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),前列腺组织炎症反应明显减轻,p-NF-κB p65、p-IKK-β、TNF-α、IL-1β蛋白表达降低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论 益气活血托毒方可有效改善EAP小鼠前列腺组织病理形态,减轻炎症反应,调节免疫功能,其作用机制可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白p-NF-κB p65、p-IKK-β、TNF-α、IL-1β表达相关.

精液质量下降是男性不育症的主要表现,其中少弱精子症是临床的主要类型.针对无明确病因的特发性少弱精子症,西医以经验性治疗为主并且存在不良反应,而立足整体观念的中医药在治疗男性不育症方面具有一定优势.其中,中医药不仅积累经验并且发挥创新立说:中成药和中药汤剂均能有效改善特发性少弱精子症的精子质量及性激素水平等;单纯针灸和针药结合治疗均可取得良好的临床疗效.本文总结了近年来中医药治疗特发性少弱精子症的临床经验及观察,从理论创新、中成药、自拟方、针灸和针药结合治疗等中医药方面进行较为全面的综述,以期为临床中医药治疗特发性少弱精子症提供思路.

目的 探讨中国中医科学院西苑医院尿路感染病原菌分布情况,并分析不同病原菌的耐药性.方法 收集2019年 1月至 2021年 12月中国中医科学院西苑医院尿路感染患者的尿培养标本,采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱仪进行菌株鉴定,BD Phoenix-100全自动细菌鉴定药敏系统测定最低抑菌浓度.WHONET 5.6统计药敏结果数据,SPSS 25.0统计学软件进行数据分析.结果 获得尿路感染病原菌1191株,革兰氏阴性菌以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主;革兰氏阳性菌以粪肠球菌和无乳链球菌为主.产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)和非产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌对庆大霉素的敏感率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);产ESBLs菌株对其余常用药物的敏感率均低于非产ESBLs菌株(P＜0.05).结论 革兰氏阴性菌仍是尿路感染的主要病原菌,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中ESBLs和耐药菌株检出率较高,粪肠球菌对常用药物也存在耐药,应加强医院细菌耐药监测,合理使用抗生素.

反复发作性尿路感染(rUTI)是指尿路感染6个月内发作≥2次,或1年内发作≥3次[1],属中医学"劳淋"范畴,其中女性发病率高于男性且绝经女性尤为严重[2].目前,抗菌药物在急性发作期治疗作用显著,而在发作间期的预防功效存在长期使用耐药菌增加且复发率高等问题[3].中医药对rUTI病因及发病机制多有论述[4,5],部分医家提出分期论治,主张在清热利湿的基础上予以益气养阴、补肾扶正等[6,7].本文立足rUTI临证以女性为主且以老年为主体的现状[8],结合老年女性生理特点,总结长期临床实践《医学衷中参西录》和《张氏医通·淋》的心得体会,探讨从脾肾论治老年女性rUTI,以期为中医临床治疗该病开拓新的思路和方向.

癌因性疲乏是前列腺癌患者接受DP方案化疗后常见的并发症,严重影响患者生活质量.由于前列腺癌化疗时以去势治疗作为基础,因此DP方案化疗后癌因性疲乏原因多种,病机复杂,症状较重.而按照前列腺癌中医药治疗的要求,须慎用补肾阳的药物,高瞻教授结合患者疲乏的主症,认为本病应归属中医学"虚劳"范畴,其病机为脾肾亏虚,病位在脾肾.基于《金匮要略》补虚的思想,根据疾病的发展阶段以及出现的不同症候进行辨证论治,治疗以健脾益肾为主,佐以化痰祛瘀之法,以自拟"健脾益肾方"为基础方,根据患者的临床实际情况灵活加减,疗效显著.

反复发作性尿路感染是临床女性常见疾病,常规予以抗生素治疗,但长期广泛使用抗生素不仅导致较多不良反应还会造成尿路病原菌抗生素耐药性增加,不断升级的抗生素治疗方案也使患者耐受性变差.分析近年来国内外临床文献数据,发现包括行为改变、益生菌、蔓越莓、D-甘露糖等植物制剂、中医治法、阴道雌激素、疫苗等非抗生素疗法在复发性尿路感染中提高治愈有效率、延缓复发时间、减少抗生素使用、耐药发生及不良反应发挥了重要作用.文章对非抗生素具体疗法的机制、疗效和存在问题进行梳理和概括,可为临床预防以及治疗女性反复发作性尿路感染提供新的诊治思路.

雄激素剥夺治疗是转移性前列腺癌的基础治疗方案,但治疗后可引发疲乏、勃起功能障碍、心血管疾病等多种代谢并发症,严重影响患者生存期和生活质量.本文将"五脏相关"理论应用到前列腺癌雄激素剥夺治疗后代谢并发症的治疗中,从本虚标实的病因病机出发,分析脏腑间的联系,运用病机辨证治疗,提出"肾虚为本,调补阴阳,兼顾四脏"的观点,通过脾肾同调、肝肾同调、心肾同调、肺肾同调辨证治疗前列腺癌雄激素剥夺治疗后代谢并发症,并结合诸多医家经验,论证了从五脏相关论治的可行性,以期为中医药方法辨证论治前列腺癌雄激素剥夺治疗后代谢并发症提供新的思路.

目的 探讨芪芍天心方联合托特罗定治疗腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后早期脾肾两虚型尿失禁患者的临床疗效.方法 选取2019年1月至2021年6月北京朝阳医院泌尿外科接受腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁且术后由中医辨证为脾肾两虚型的50例患者作为研究对象.以随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,各25例.对照组应用托特罗定+盆底肌训练,治疗组加用芪芍天心方,疗程12周.观察国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表简表(ICI-Q-SF)评分、尿垫试验情况及临床疗效.结果 两组治疗后12周ICI-Q-SF评分较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05);治疗组ICI-Q-SF评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05).治疗组在术后第2～4周和第8～12周的1h尿垫试验增重减少百分比高于对照组(P<0.05).治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05).两组在治疗期间不良反应未见明显差异.结论 采用中西医结合方法,同时联合盆底肌训练,可促进前列腺癌根治术后早期脾肾两虚型尿失禁患者功能恢复.

慢性前列腺炎是严重影响成年男性生活质量的一种常见疾病.本文梳理文献,发现慢性前列腺炎发病具有易滞、易瘀的病理特点.肝经循行环阴器,主疏泄,调畅气机,与慢性前列腺炎的发病与转归关系密切.因此,疏达厥阴可视为防治慢性前列腺炎的重要方法.在具体治疗本病时,需结合前列腺以通为用的生理特点,秉承厥阴疏泄之用,通达气血运行,以助机体下利湿浊之力.同时,亦当注重综合分析,把握肝郁、血瘀、湿浊病机的不同及其转换,辨证而施治.此外,顾护脾胃,调摄情志,适劳而远逸,对提高治疗慢性前列腺的临床疗效以及预防其发生,均有重要意义.

目的:比较去势结合雌激素诱导法与自身免疫反应诱导法建立慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(CNP)模型大鼠的生物学特性及稳定性.方法:去势激素组采用去势结合17β-雌二醇诱导法、自身免疫组分别采用40、20、10 mg/mL三种浓度前列腺蛋白匀浆制备CNP大鼠模型,采用病理学(HE染色)评价前列腺组织损伤程度,免疫比浊法测定免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG含量,ELISA法测定白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、高敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),电化学发光法测定睾酮(T)表达水平,应用上诉指标对两种模型方法进行比较.结果:与假手术组比较,取材前去势激素组和自身免疫组两种模型大鼠体质量均显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01),两种模型大鼠前列腺组织病理显示腺体结构破坏,炎性细胞明显增多.去势激素组同自身免疫组比较,去势激素组前列腺组织病理变化和炎症病理评分、免疫指标IgA、IgM、IgG 含量均具有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.05),自身免疫组 IL-1β、IL-10、TNF-α、hs-CRP、T水平显著改变(P<0.01).自身免疫组高、中、低剂量组三者之间比较,其中自身免疫组中剂量病理变化稍优于组间其它两组,但自身免疫组低剂量IL-1β、IL-10、TNF-α、hs-CRP、T改变最为显著(P<0.05).结论:去势结合雌激素诱导法和自身免疫反应诱导法建立的慢性非细菌性前列腺炎模型的病理组织均显示显著变化,综合指标显示去势结合雌激素诱导法是更为合适的造模选择.