传统日光温室的墙体和地基在使用中存在土体黏合力差、承载能力弱、易坍塌等问题,使得温室使用性能降低、维护成本增加.因此,基于土壤固化技术的应用情况,对固化剂固化机理及实际应用情况等进行探究,为日光温室修复和加固提供必要的技术手段和方法,助力设施农业发展.

以新疆克州戈壁地区多年使用后的日光温室为试材,连续测定其在3种冬季典型天气状况下生产环境参数,以期达到探索区域性温室栽培环境及覆盖保温材料改进措施的目的.结果 表明:连续使用多年后,该地区温室保温被保温性能有待提高,温室环境在连续晴天可不加温,连续雪天需根据日照时数在某一时间段补充加温,连续多云或阴天需采取临时辅助加温措施.所以当地日光温室在使用一定年限后,应重点加强温室保温蓄热能力和覆盖保温被的保温性,综合提高温室保温性能,确保温室越冬栽培环境需求.

试验研究了利用燃煤式基质热水消毒机对基质进行高温热水消毒对戈壁日光温室辣椒根际基质微生物含量的影响.通过对高温热水消毒处理后戈壁温室辣椒根际基质微生物数量的测定,对辣椒不同生育期根际细菌、真菌、放线菌数量以及细菌与真菌比值进行对比分析.结果表明:基质高温热水消毒处理使辣椒根际基质中细菌数显著提高,开花期、结果期均高于CK,放线菌数量较对照显著提高.到结果盛期,细菌和放线菌较对照分别高19.36％、21.33％,真菌数量有所下降,但与对照差异不显著.基质高温热水消毒处理可以显著增加种植尤其是连作基质中微生物总量,起到显著改善基质生态结构的作用,有助于基质由真菌型向细菌型转化.

我国每年有各种各样的塑料薄膜材料在农业设施中应用,其中相当一部分被用作保护地栽培,如温室和拱棚.由于使用过程中会遇到各种恶劣环境,如太阳辐射、昼夜空气温湿度变化、农药化肥等的交叉作用,如若使用不当会导致环境问题以及造成经济损失.基于此,通过介绍选择覆盖薄膜、地膜时的注意事项和安装技术,以期通过采取恰当技术措施,避免或减少因安装或保护不当而造成的影响,延长薄膜使用寿命,更好地降低农业生产成本.

[Objective] To build solar greenhouses with low energy consumption, thus improving the pas-sive utilization rate of solar energy from off-season vegetable production and other plants production in the key growth period and reducing the demand for heating in greenhouses.[Method]Based on the theory of building thermal design and building simulation analysis method, this project studied the influence of building space shape characteristic parameters on greenhouse light and heat environment construction. Combined with the ar-chitectural characteristics of solar greenhouse, and the characteristics of off-season vegetable crop production process of light and thermal environment requirement characteristics, the design conditions of spatial morpho-logical parameters of solar greenhouse with low energy consumption were given.[Result]The results showed that the the height span ratio of solar greenhouse in the same area was affected by the change of span, only as-sociated with changes in local outdoor air temperature and solar radiation intensity. During Dashu to Xiaoman of the next year, the horizontal projection length of the rear roof did not affect the solar illumination of the veg-etable crops in rear rows in the solar greenhouses. To ensure that the northern wall receive solar light during the Winter Solstice's day to Greater Cold's day had an important influence on the solar energy utilization in solar greenhouse during the off-season vegetable crop production period in winter.[Conclusion]Based on this de-sign principle, the accumulative heat load of optimal design greenhouse is less 15. 7％ than the existing green-house in Beijing. The research results can provide important design basis and method reference for the optimi-zation design key parameters of low energy consumption solar greenhouse morphology.

按照自治区党委关于"大力实施旅游兴疆战略,推动新疆由旅游资源大区向旅游经济强区转变"的要求,到2020年,实现接待国内外游客3亿人次,旅游总消费1万亿以上的目标.无疑,新疆旅游大发展的时代已经到来.作为第一产业的农业,如何与自治区党委的旅游兴疆发展战略对接,助推新疆旅游业又好又快的发展,是一个摆在农业工作者面前的历史性机遇.

为了提高新疆非耕地日光温室的综合性能,根据新疆自然气候条件,对戈壁地、盐碱地日光温室建造参数进行标准化设计,通过对两种非耕地日光温室性能的测试分析,结果表明:标准化设计的非耕地日光温室在喀什、克州两地冬至日时温室内的平均温度可达到18.9、20.6℃,最低气温10.6、14.3℃,最高气温达32.2、35.6℃.标准化设计建造的非耕地日光温室保温性能好,在新疆喀什、克州地区冬季不加温条件下可实现越冬生产.

物联网在设施农业中的应用，是对农作物生长环境进行监测和改造，是在田地里铺设各种传感器，安装自动化设备，搭建传感器网络，建立监控中心，从而构建农作物生长决策系统、监测系统。利用各种传感器对空气温湿度、光照强度、土壤温湿度、日照数等数据进行实时采集，以获得农作物生长的当前环境条件。决策系统通过传感器网络获取数据后，再根据农作物在每个阶段的生长要求，对这些数据参数进行分析，通过分析种植环境因素对农作物长势和产量的影响，扬长避短，形成科学化低成本种植，进一步利用传感器网络，反过来控制自动化设备，如打开风机通风降温、打开卷帘遮阳、打开保温膜、打开喷头增加湿度等，对相应数据进行干预，使农作物在更有利的环境下生长，提高农作物的产量和品质，从而实现精确农业。

[目的]研究新疆乌鲁木齐市周边地区日光温室结构优化设计方案,提升设施农业经济效益.[方法]对标准化节能日光温室的温度、湿度、地温、光照等环境因子进行数据采集,与温室热环境模拟预测软件的综合评价体系进行对比分析.[结果](1)模拟室内外气温与实际温度变化趋势基本一致,低温误差小于0.5℃,高温误差较大,原因是输入模拟气象条件时选择了内置模式确定室外气象条件,仅提供了晴天与阴天的日最高与最低气温不够精确.(2)温室采用临时加温装备造成墙体及后屋面实测温度与预测模拟值的平均误差大于4℃.[结论]已建成新疆地区节能日光温室结构设计科学、合理,温室热环境满足越冬生产要求,温室性能模拟对日光温室性能提升,温室结构优化以及新材料的开发有着重要的意义.

对克州戈壁温室产业的发展条件、发展规模、经营模式以及生产状况进行了阐述和分析,并对戈壁温室产业发展对克州经济以及旅游业的影响进行了论述。

以新疆南疆戈壁地区典型砖墙温室和戈壁石墙日光温室为研究对象,比较了2种日光温室的冬季生产环境及墙体热通量,以期为南疆地区日光温室的管理、维护及新建提供理论依据.结果表明:戈壁石墙温室晴天升温更快,不揭帘时,白昼最高气温比砖墙温室高8℃以上；2种墙体白天蓄热性能相近,而夜间戈壁石墙的放热效果优于砖墙.但是,由于温室构造差异及管理水平较低,导致戈壁石墙温室内夜间最低空气温度与土壤温度,均显著低于砖墙温室,甚至出现了0℃以下的情况.说明该温室保温性能及管理水平有待于进一步提高.

从树立节约观念、建立温度监控体系以及进行根植区加热、温室外围覆盖材料、温室周边基础设施等方面采取措施，降低温室能耗。

[目的]针对目前吐鲁番地区日光温室跨度等结构参数比较混乱的现状,开展适合当地自然环境条件和资源的越冬型温室跨度的优化研究.[方法]选取新疆吐鲁番沙漠植物园附近跨度分别7、8和9m的3座结构相近的日光温室,采用智能环境监测仪对温室各项环境参数进行实时监测,分析跨度变化对日光温室光照和保温性能的影响.[结果]测试数据呈现较强的吐鲁番盆地的地域气候特征,无论是在恶劣还是良好的天气条件下,3种跨度温室的光温环境整体变化趋势与外界光温环境变化趋势基本一致,但在同样的天气条件下,不同跨度的日光温室的环境具有一定的差异,主要表现为:温室气温方面IL8＞L7＞L9；光照强度表现为L7＞L8＞L9；平均地温表现为L9 ＞L8 ＞L7；温室内的空气相对湿度表现为L8＞L7＞L9.[结论]按照农业部标准,吐鲁番纬度为N42.8°,跨度应不小于7 m.但由于其属于盆地气候,光照丰富,从整体测试数据来看,8m跨度日光温室综合性能最好,适合于吐鲁番地区进行果蔬越冬生产的日光温室跨度结构.

Basing on the experimental teaching situation and quality promoting plan for undergraduate teaching,we adjust and update the teaching contents,renovate teaching methods,quest for bilingual teaching model and perfect examination rules,etc.So a basic,comprehensive,contrived,and innovative teaching system of organic chemistry experiment is constructed and perfected.The system can further improve the quality of experimental teaching and establish a firm base for cultivating high qualified talent.

This Paper explains the research tasks and objectives about the efficient use of greenhouse technology resources,further pointed out a number of issues that happened in the current construction of China's greenhouse resources and their development process.To analyze the necessity of greenhouse sustainable resource utilization,this paper respectively,from the increase of greenhouse space efficient,improve agricultural facilities,to promote efficient resource raise awareness and other aspects,in order to better promote the efficient use of greenhouse technology and methods’ resources。 Based on national conditions,improve economic efficiency of agriculture greenhouse,to provide theoretical support for accelerating the process of agricultural modernization.

近年来,随着我国农业种植技术以及计算机信息技术的快速发展,农业生产取得了令人满意的成果。"温室大棚"早在几十年前就已经出现,时至今日,其更是在各类先进技术的参与下,克服了各种难题,为人们的餐桌带来了更为新鲜、丰盛的各类蔬菜。有效地解决了人们在寒冷的冬季缺乏新鲜蔬菜的难题。有效地提升了人们的物质生活水平。无线温室大棚技术在温室大棚中的广泛应用,有效地消除了环境中温湿度以及光照等因素对植物生产的束缚,使得植物生长的更加健康、优良。基于此,重点探索无线智能农业大棚的构造以及实现,希望能够对农村地区的温室大棚修建有所帮助。

新疆设施农业起步晚,发展速度快,进入21世纪以来,新疆设施农业步入了高速发展期,已成为新疆促进农业和农村经济发展,改善生态环境系统,快速提高本地农民收入和人民生活水平的重要支柱产业.在全疆设施农业主产区设施农业产业产前、产中和产后各环节发展现状调研的基础上,总结了新疆设施农业发展概况,分析了产业发展中亟待解决的主要问题和发展的积极因素,探讨了今后新疆设施农业发展的重点和方向.

The processing technology of flavoured chickpea soft-caned was studied by optimization technology parameters,using chickpea as main ingredient.Chickpea sustained by the immersion method of average temperature and pressure cooking of the chickpea treatment significantly improved the performance of chickpea processing products and improved flavor and taste.The orthogonal test to determine the flavor of soft-canned chickpea with optimum conditions:chickpea initial soaking water temperature was 24℃,34℃ water temperature soaking,soaking time for 6h,cooking time 12min.

The article studied mainly the composite films made of Carboxymethyl cellulose of beet and Polyvinyl alcohol at the different ratio of blending and measured,inquiring into the influence factor of the Po and WVTR for compound film,The compound film which makes to make under the assurance best craft condition has better hindering water and hindering oil function.

The volatile oils from Lavender were obtained with ultrasonic, supercritical carbon dioxide flowing extraction and microwave for the optimum extraction conditions. The uniform design experiment were used to optimize the SFE CO2 conditions and the optimum conditions were determined: the press of 20MPa, the temperature at 45℃, CO2 flowing rate at 15L/h and the time for 160min .The optimum conditions of the microwave extraction were obtained by orthogonal experiment: radiation time for 350s, microwave power of 700W, 200mL solvent, 40mL washing solvent. The optimal extract process of ultrasonic were achieved when the mess of particle size was 40 mesh, the rate of material and liquid was 1∶12 ,the time of ultrasonic was 30min , The volatile oils were obtained by supercritical CO2, microwave, ultrasonic and extraction rate were 4.497%, 2.60% and 1.09% respectively. The results showed that supercritical carbon dioxide flowing extraction was the optimum extraction technology.