As a new type of production factor that can empower the development of new quality productivity, the data element is an important engine to promote the high quality development of the industry. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) dispensing is the most basic work of TCM clinical pharmacy, and its quality directly affects the clinical efficacy of TCM. The integration of data elements and TCM dispensing can stimulate the innovation and vitality of the TCM dispensing industry and promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the industry. A large-scale, detailed, and systematic study on TCM dispensing was conducted. The innovative practice path of data fusion construction in the whole process of TCM dispensing was investigated by integrating the digital resources "nine full activities" of TCM dispensing, creating the digital dictionary of "TCM clinical information data elements", and exploring innovative applications of TCM dispensing driven by data and technology, so as to promote the standardized, digital, and intelligent development of TCM dispensing in medical health services. The research content of this project was successfully selected as the second batch of "Data element×" typical cases of National Data Administration in 2024, which is the only selected case in the field of TCM.

BackgroundThe scientific and rational use of Chinese medicine decoctions can improve their compliance, safety and efficacy. However, there is a lack of national-level best practice guidelines on the management of Chinese medicine decoctions, particularly in the rational use of them. We aim to establish a comprehensive and standardised reference standard comprising key elements of Chinese medicine decoctions.MethodsThis study was conducted using the method of “Ancient Literature - Clinical Research - Expert Consensus”. (1) Ancient literature analysis: Systematically analysed 1,019 records of Chinese medicine decoctions in “Bijiqi Qianjin Yaofang”, and initially extracted the elements related to the efficacy of the medicine. (2) Clinical research: A questionnaire covering the knowledge and demand of medication was designed and distributed to medical institutions in 12 regions, including Beijing and Shanghai, and 87 valid data were collected. The results showed that 69.62% of the practitioners had encountered difficulties in providing medication guidance, and 71.62% believed that standardised guidelines were urgently needed. Accordingly, a preliminary knowledge framework was formed. (3) Expert consensus: 20 Chinese and foreign clinical pharmacy experts (including France and U.S) were selected to prepare an advisory form based on the preliminary results, and a consensus was reached after two rounds of the Delphi method, confirming the content of the general and personalised guidance, covering terminology, usage, storage, contraindications and other dimensions, and finally identifying the eight core elements.ResultsThe method of “ancient literature-clinical research-expert consensus” is the first time to refine the eight elements of taking Chinese medicine decoctions. (1) Analysis of ancient literature reveals that temperature, course of treatment, frequency, dosage, time of administration, storage conditions, post-medication care and contraindications are the key influencing factors. (2) Clinical research confirmed the urgent need for standardised guidance, and a preliminary framework for a body of knowledge was constructed. (3) Standardised definitions of the eight elements were clarified through the Delphi Expert Consensus, including temperature, duration, frequency, dosage, time, storage conditions, post-medication care, and contraindications.ConclusionThis international guideline addresses a critical gap in taking Chinese medicine decoctions, offering an evidence-based framework for rational clinical use. Future efforts should prioritize expanded clinical validation and scenario-specific protocols to optimize standardization and safety.

OBJECTIVE:To analyse current supervision methods and problems in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction rooms in medical institutions and to propose feasible methods of quality control. METHODS:This study is a literature review. Literature related to TCM decoction was obtained from the PubMed, CNKI and Web of Science databases. Studies published between 2010 and 2024 were retrieved using 'traditional Chinese medicine decoction' as the search term. The collected research findings were then summarised and analysed. RESULTS:This study identified the following problems in TCM decoction rooms: (1) the equipment and facilities are not ideal, (2) staff-implemented processes are not standardised and (3) the management system is flawed. RECOMMENDATIONS:In view of the above problems, the following recommendations for decoction rooms are proposed: (1) a safe and hygienic environment should be developed; (2) equipment and facilities should be improved; (3) staff training should be strengthened and staff quality improved and (4) management should be enhanced.

子宫锭为北京中医医院传统制剂,其剂型独特,疗效确切,2018年12月子宫锭制作技艺获评北京市东城区第六批非物质文化遗产代表性项目.本研究采用档案查阅法、专家访谈法、文献资料法等,对子宫锭传承历史进行梳理,通过实物、影音、数字平台、科普等形式进行宣传和展示,并进行教学实践,旨在为传统中药制剂的历史调研及教学工作提供借鉴和启发.

目的:通过对含麻黄的中药饮片处方进行用药合理性分析,探讨饮片处方适宜性点评的内容与尺度,推动中药饮片处方点评工作的进一步开展.方法:对2020 年1 月该院门诊含有麻黄的中药饮片处方的用药合理性进行分析.结果:共纳入3 699 张含麻黄的中药饮片处方,其中用药不适宜处方 149 张(占 4.03%),具体包括辨证与用药不一致处方 74 张,诊断与用药不一致处方 32 张,麻黄用量不适宜处方 16 张,中药饮片处方用药与中成药重复使用的处方 11 张,诊断只有"高血压"而使用麻黄的处方11 张,诊断只有"不寐"而使用麻黄的处方 5 张.结论:通过对含麻黄的中药饮片处方的用药合理性进行分析,初步确立了含麻黄的中药饮片处方适宜性点评的内容与尺度.

目的 采用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术对益气生津袋泡茶的主要化学成分及入血成分进行鉴定.方法 6 只8 周龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠,体重 280～300 g,采用随机数字表法分为给药组与空白组,每组 3只.给药组灌胃 4ml益气生津袋泡茶水提物(生药浓度为 1 g/ml),空白组灌胃 4ml生理盐水,2次/d,连续给药,第 4天上午给药 2h后腹主动脉取血制备血清样品.采用Waters Xselect HSS T3 C18 色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,2.5 μm),正、负离子模式下采集袋泡茶水提物与血清样品中的化学成分;以 0.1%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱.结果 从益气生津袋泡茶水提物中鉴定出了17个化学成分,主要为人参皂苷类成分.同时,在血清样品中检测到了 8个化学成分,分别为甜菜碱、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、哈巴俄苷、拟人参皂苷F11、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rd、毛兰素.结论 采用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术对益气生津袋泡茶中主要化学成分及入血成分进行定性分析有助于揭示益气生津袋泡茶的药效物质基础,为进一步的质量控制、药理学和活性机制研究提供参考.

Objective:To study the mechanism of Yangyin Yiqi mixture on the clinical symptoms in convalescent period of different types of pneumonia based on network pharmacology, so as to provide more options for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).Methods:Based on the TCM theory of "treating different diseases with the same method", the Integrative Pharmacology-Based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMIP) V 2.0 was used to screen the active components, action targets and disease targets of the herbs in Yangyin Yiqi mixture. The disease-target-medicine network map was constructed by Cytoscape software and the Reactome enrichment analysis of key targets were carried out.Results:Seven different types of clinical sympotms of pneumonia in convalescent period were established, including fatigue, tachypnea, thirst, palpitations, hyperhidrosis, poor appetite and cough. After the screening, a total of 276 active components and 177 key targets were obtained, 37 common targets of this herb and pneumonia were obtained. The key targets were associated with cell metabolism, apoptosis, inflammatory response, immune response, and stress response, etc. There are 17 common targets between Polygonatum and 7 clinical symptoms in the recovery period of different types of pneumonia. Reactome enrichment analysis showed that the pathways involved in the core genes of Yangyin Yiqi mixture in the treatment of the main symptoms of different types of pneumonia in the recovery period were mainly enriched in: by regulating genes and protein translation to affect the virus or cell function, immune regulation and inflammatory response and regulate the function of nervous system, and prevent viral canceration.Conclusions:The effective components in Yangyin Yiqi mixture may regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), interleukin-4, interleukin-13 (IL-4, IL-13) and inhibitory kappa protein (IκBα) by intervention of PIK3CA, MAPK3, BCL2 and NF-κB2 and other targets to promote the recovery of pneumonia. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia in the recovery period.

探循新形势下医疗机构中药制剂可持续发展的战略,彰显医疗机构中药制剂的特色优势,为临床患者提供高质量的服务,推动医院中药制剂向新药的研发转化,促进和提高医院药学工作的建设发展.文章以首都医科大学附属北京中医医院中药制剂发展为例,利用SWOT分析法,探讨新形势下医疗机构中药制剂发展过程中存在的各种问题,从而探循医疗机构中药制剂特色优势可持续发展的战略.在新形势下,医疗机构中药制剂发展受到内、外部因素的影响,优势与劣势并存,机遇与挑战互生,医疗机构中药制剂工作应该把握住机遇,顺势而为,秉承"传承精华、守正创新"的发展理念,深入挖掘、梳理、发挥特色优势,弥补发展中的不足.确立了行之有效的中药制剂可持续发展的战略,进一步促进医院药学工作的建设发展.

目的 完善白驳丸质量标准,为其质量标准提升提供科学依据.方法 采用显微鉴别法鉴别蒺藜、防风、鸡血藤、红花、黑豆;采用薄层色谱法(TLC)定性鉴别当归、首乌藤、赤芍;采用AgilentSB-C18十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),梯度洗脱,柱温40℃,流速为1.0 ml/min,流动相采用甲醇-水(55:45),检测波长为246 nm,测定白驳丸中异补骨脂素、补骨脂素含量.结果 蒺藜、防风、鸡血藤、红花、黑豆显微特征明显;当归、首乌藤、赤芍TLC斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰;补骨脂素在0.0204～0.3066μg范围呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为98.08％,相对标准偏差(RSD)=1.07％;异补骨脂素在0.0204～0.3054μg范围呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998),平均回收率为97.92％,R SD=1.99％.结论 本方法全面、准确、重复性好,提升了白驳丸的质量控制水平.

医院制剂和协定处方多源于名老中医经验处方,具有促进名老中医学术经验传承、推动医院特色专科发展、填充中成药市场空白、保证临床医疗需求的作用.文章针对医院中药制剂发展的现状,分析医院中药制剂申报存在的常见问题及发展存在的共性问题,提出源于协定处方的医院中药制剂转化研究策略,为促进名老中医经验传承、加快医院中药制剂转化提供参考和思路.

目的:回顾近年来首都医科大学附属北京中医医院(以下简称"我院")用药咨询中心用药咨询工作的开展情况,探索中医医疗机构药师参加用药咨询工作的方向,提升相关药学服务水平.方法:收集2018—2019年我院用药咨询中心30574例有效用药咨询记录,建立分析指标,进行统计学分析.结果:30574例有效用药咨询中,中药汤剂、中成药和西药(含院内制剂)等相关咨询共27331例(占89.39％);中药类内容在有效数据共性分析和重点问题数量中占比最多;20名参加用药咨询的药师中,中药专业药师所占比例较大(16名,占80.00％),人员专业水平整体偏高且各有侧重.结论:中药类用药咨询内容为中医院用药咨询服务的主要部分,涉及中药多学科分类,咨询药师掌握更多的中药专业知识具有重要意义,可以提供更及时、有效和全面的用药咨询药学服务,保障用药安全.

目的 分析首都医科大学附属北京中医医院(以下简称"我院")清热止咳平喘类中成药在呼吸科门诊中的使用情况,促迸临床合理用药.方法 从我院信息中心调取呼吸科门诊2018—2020年清热止咳平喘类中成药使用的相关数据,通过用药品种、用药金额、用药频度、限定日费用、排序比等分析清热止咳平喘类中成药的使用情况.结果 我院药品用药频度排名前3位的清热止咳平喘中成药分别是清肺丸、金花清感颗粒、复方鲜竹沥液,用药频度分别为53855、33004、30432,日均用药费用分别为3.52、26.54、7.21元.结论 清肺丸、金花清感颗粒、复方鲜竹沥液是我院使用最为广泛的清热止咳平喘中成药,临床疗效确切,值得推广使用.

目的:提高益肾坚骨丸的质量标准.方法:对熟地黄、菟丝子、茯苓、山药和泽泻进行显微鉴别,对山茱萸、苍术和丹参进行薄层色谱鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法对制剂中的莫诺苷和马钱苷进行定量分析.结果:熟地黄、菟丝子、茯苓、山药和泽泻的显微鉴别特征明显,山茱萸、苍术和丹参的薄层鉴别色谱图斑点清晰.莫诺苷在0.368～0.828μg范围线性关系良好,r2=0.9999(n=6),平均回收率达97.55％,RSD=1.57％;马钱苷在0.392～0.882μg范围线性关系良好,r2=0.9999(n=6),平均回收率达97.29％,RSD=0.82％.结论:本方法全面、准确,有效提高了该制剂的质量控制水平.

目的:以北京中医医院互联网处方中药饮片的使用情况为例,分析互联网中医医疗的特色特点,为互联网医院药房建设合理性发展提供参考.方法:通过回顾分析的方法,利用医院HIS系统抽取2020年3-6月的互联网中药饮片处方,采用Excel 2010对患者情况、药味、剂数、饮片使用频率等数据进行整理统计.结果:北京中医医院开展互联网医疗以来共诊疗患者621例、1378人次,线上饮片处方共计1022张、16872剂.其中,患者年龄涵盖各年龄段,但以31～60岁为主,达到了412人,占66.3％;本研究涉及医院科室17个,以肿瘤、皮科、肝病科位居前位,占63.4％;患者所在地区分布以华北地区为主,占60％.结论:开展线上中医互联网诊疗服务是日常线下门诊医疗的重要补充,在保证中医辨证论治特点的同时,可有效缓解看病难等问题,使优质医疗服务的范围得到了有效拓展.针对互联网药房服务目前面临的监管与技术困局,本文提出线上药房建设"八要素",为互联网药学服务的发展提供参考方向.

目的:比较我院骨科在抗菌药物专项管理实施前后Ⅰ类切口预防使用抗菌药物的合理性及其效果.方法:回顾性分析专项管理前后我院骨科病房住院患者抗菌药物的使用率、常用抗菌药物使用品种、使用金额及术后感染率并进行统计分析.结果:专项管理前我院骨科病房住院患者抗菌药物品种选择合理比例为38.79％,专项管理后提高至100.00％(P<0.05);专项管理前骨科住院患者抗菌药物使用费用为(174.23±24.16)元,专项管理后下降至(122.31±21.47)元,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:专项管理规范了我院骨科Ⅰ类切口中抗菌药物的预防性应用,在避免药物滥用的同时不增加术后感染率,促进了抗菌药物的合理应用.

基于雷达资料快速更新四维变分同化(RR4DVar)技术和三维数值云模式发展的快速更新雷达四维变分分析系统(VDRAS),通过在系统中加入地面自动气象站观测资料的同化方法,对发生在北京地区的10个强对流过程开展了地面资料同化的高分辨率模拟分析和检验评估,并与已经业务使用的地面资料融合方法进行对比.研究结果发现,地面观测资料同化使边界层1 km高度以下的分析场改善最为明显,风速和风向的均方根误差分别平均降低0.1 m/s和7.2°,温度的均方根误差降低0.2℃.模式最低层100 m高度的风速均方根误差降低0.5 m/s,风速的误差随高度上升逐渐增大.模式最低层风向的均方根误差降低15.5°,温度的均方根误差降低0.4℃,且1.5 km高度以下的温度偏差都减小.区域内地面10 m高风速的均方根误差平均降低0.2 m/s,风向的均方根误差降低10.8°,地面2 m气温的偏差也降低.随着预报时效的延长,地面温度和风场的误差不断增大,但地面资料同化方法在一定程度上可以提高1 h内地面气象要素的预报效果.对2019年5月17日北京地区局地强对流新生和增强过程的详细分析表明,地面自动气象站观测资料的同化方法相对于融合,可以通过更细致准确地分析低层大气的热动力特征,改善低层气象要素的预报效果.在此基础上,通过探究对流单体的局地触发机理发现,海风锋辐合线与城市的相互作用一定程度上影响了对流的局地新生和发展,该同化方法可以进一步提高北京地区局地突发强对流的临近数值预报能力.

目的 建立子宫锭的质量控制标准.方法 采用薄层色谱法对处方中的血竭、蛇床子进行定性鉴别研究;分别采用高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法对子宫锭中的儿茶素和麝香酮进行含量测定.结果 薄层色谱可检出血竭、蛇床子的特征斑点;儿茶素在0.632 5 ～1.265 0 μg范围呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为98.71％,RSD=1.56％;麝香酮在0.134 4 ～0.302 4 μg范围呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为98.36％,RSD=1.82％.结论 本方法准确、灵敏、重复性好,为子宫锭的质量控制提供了依据.

目的 分析处方点评软件在首都医科大学附属北京中医医院中成药点评中的应用情况.方法 选择2018年1月至2018年12月医院所开具的14 281张处方(14个重点监测中成药品种),通过点评软件进行专项处方点评,再由处方点评小组药师对所得结果进行二次筛查.结果 软件处理结果基本合理,但在中医辨证、重复用药等方面有待改进;信息化技术应用不够精准,筛查准确度不够高,还需要药师后续进行人工审核.结论 处方点评软件有望在中成药处方前置审核中发挥重大作用,从而提高药师工作效率,辅助临床合理使用中成药,但仍存在一些不足要调整.

2020年12月,武汉市爆发新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情,迅速波及全国.医疗机构疫情防控是管理重中之重,以首都医科大学附属北京中医医院疫情防控管理实践为例,从组织机构建设、制度建设、物理防控、人员管理、培训管理、后勤管理、医疗队组建及应急物资管理、绩效管理、医疗质量安全管理、疫情防控中的中医特色发挥等方面应用中医医疗机构疫情防控管理措施,可加强医疗机构疫情防控.

Objective: This research aims to analyze the application regularity of Chinese patent medicine during the COVID-19 epidemic by collecting the names of the top three Chinese patent medicines used by 24 hospitals in 14 provinces of China in four time periods (January 20–22, February 16–18, March 01–03, April 01–03, 2020), and explore its contribution to combating the disease. Methods: 1) We built a database of the top three Chinese patent medicines used by 24 hospitals. 2) The frequency and efficacy distribution of Chinese patent medicine were analyzed with risk areas, regions, and hospitals of different properties as three factors. 3) Finally, we analyzed the differences in the use of heat-clearing and non-heat-clearing medicines among the three factors (χ2 test) and the correlation between the Chinese patent medicine and COVID-19 epidemic (correlation analysis) with SPSS 23.0 statistical software. Results: 1) The heat-clearing medicine was the main use category nationwide during January 20–22, 2020. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the utilization rate of heat-clearing and non-heat-clearing medicine in different risk areas (p < 0.01). 2) The variety of Chinese patent medicine was increased nationwide during February 16–18, 2020, mainly including tonics, blood-activating and resolving-stasis, and heat-clearing medicines. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the utilization rate of heat-clearing and non-heat-clearing medicine in the southern and northern regions (p < 0.05). 3) Tonics, and blood-activating and resolving-stasis medicines became the primary use categories nationwide during March 01–03, 2020. 4) The tonics class, and blood-activating and resolving-stasis medicine were still the primary categories nationwide during April 01–03, 2020. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the utilization rate of heat-clearing and non-heat-clearing medicine in different risk areas (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Chinese patent medicine has a certain degree of participation in fighting against the COVID-19. The efficacy distribution is related to the risk area, region, and hospital of different properties, among which the risk area is the main influencing factor. It is hoped that future research can further collect the application amount of Chinese patent medicine used in hospitals all over the country, so as to perfectly reflect the relationship between Chinese patent medicine and the epidemic situation.