This article examines the role of pragmatics in translation studies. It begins by tracing foundational contributions, such as those of Catford and Nida, who highlighted the importance of context in achieving dynamic equivalence. The article then introduces key pragmatic concepts that have influenced translation research, including speech acts, implicature and inference, the cooperative principle and its maxims, relevance theory, and notably, politeness and impoliteness. Subsequently, it reviews prominent publications that integrate pragmatics and translation, followed by a discussion on translating (im)politeness strategies, encompassing the use of swear words. Finally, the article presents the five papers included in this special section.

This article presents an overview of world literature with regards to comparative and translation studies, notably through the publications of Andre Lefevere, Susan Bassnett and Edwin Gentzler, as an introduction to this thematic special issue, which showcases the variety of approaches and interests in literature by translation scholars. Although literary translation accounts for a small percentage of all the translation work carried out in the world, it continues to attract considerable attention on the part of academics and researchers. This interest is partly a result of the change of status of translated works since the mid-twentieth century, as translation research was gradually accepted as crucial by comparatists. The articles selected for this thematic issue, which look at literary translation in China, Latin America, Europe and India, analyze some important topics such as the role of translators as initiators of the translation process, the imprint they leave on the target texts and on the target cultures, the translation of gender and the significance of translation projects.

本文从译者行为批评视域对海外广受欢迎的三组汉学家的京剧英译本进行比较研究,分别是阿林敦和艾克敦的《戏剧之精华》、施高德的《中国传统戏曲》和魏莉莎的《凤还巢》.研究发现,译本的广为接受首先在于译者们对译本用途有明确定位,译本的不同用途使得他们在选材和翻译方法选择上均表现出"务实"为上的译者行为.《戏剧之精华》为指南之用,旨在帮助外国人看懂京剧,选材为当时上演频率最高剧目,在翻译中省增并用以增加可读性.《中国传统戏曲》为戏剧教学之用,选材迎合学生专业需求,在翻译中多用增译以凸显学术性.《凤还巢》为表演之用,选材兼顾演员表演能力和观众口味,在翻译中多运用转译以保证可表演性.

Book review

本文以知识翻译学为切入点,剖析京剧作为地方性知识的世界化,并探寻其译介历程.研究发现,京剧作为地方性知识,对西方戏剧产生了正面的知识冲击,因而具备了世界化潜力,而译介活动则有力推动了京剧知识的世界化进程.具体而言,熊式一通过增译将部分京剧知识移植到话剧中,并经由舞台表演和剧本创作这两类实践路径实现了京剧知识的世界化.施高德则通过转译较为系统地呈现了京剧知识,并经由学术研究的路径实现了京剧知识的世界化.

本文主要以叶维廉的汉语古典诗词译著《汉诗英华》增订版为具体个案,探讨译者的文化身份与其深度翻译策略选择之间的互动关系.研究发现叶维廉的海外离散经历使其具有华裔作家、汉学家和离散译家等多重文化身份,由此决定其在译本中运用了多种形式的深度翻译策略,而深度翻译策略的运用也有效提升了译本的学术性与接受度,进一步彰显了译者的多重文化身份.

《文心雕龙》是中国重要的古典文论.本研究拟厘清目前对其英译研究的概况,为在新时期如何通过翻译让《文心雕龙》走进西方世界提供启示.研究发现,目前的《文心雕龙》英译研究大多探讨译者所采取的翻译方法,评价译文质量,指出其中的误译与错译,对译者身份与译文之间的关系及译者的译介模式则较少关注,研究内容有偏好,缺乏对译介途径和译后效果的研究.

Terminological translation has a considerable influence on the transmission of Peking Opera as an art, and it is therefore a phenomenon that deserves closer academic attention. As a creative and conducive experiment in furthering cultural exchange and people-to-people exchanges, the English Translation Series of a Hundred Peking Opera Classics is a significant accomplishment in promoting Chinese culture overseas, a work in which Peking Opera terms are systematically introduced in bilingual form. This is the very reason why it is chosen as the subject of this study. Both verbal and visual signs are deployed in the translation of Peking Opera terminology; the chapter takes visual grammar proposed by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen as the theoretical construct to explore how verbal and visual modes interact with each other and contribute to the creation of meaning on a multimodal page. By using the key parameter of information value which concerns the placement of visual elements, the study argues that, though most images are properly distributed, part of the layout of images occupies no ideal zones. From the semiotic perspective, it is believed that texts function as symbols and references, while images serve as referents as the complementary part. Therefore, multimodal cooperation achieves semiotic energy conservation between source text and target text.

本文拟以译者行为批评理论为依托,从译者身份的角度对比分析沙博理和王际真英译《家》的译者行为,阐明不同的译者身份对其译者行为的影响.研究发现,沙博理的制度化译者身份和王际真的市场化译者身份在译本选择和译本表达等方面呈现出不同的译者行为痕迹.在译本选择上,沙博理属于"任务指派型",表现为全选原文本的求真行为,而王际真偏向"自主选择型",侧重节选原文本的务实行为;在译本表达上,沙博理更多表现为政治务实下的求真行为,而王际真则倾向于以求真为本的市场务实行为.

Speaking and communicating in English language can be a traumatic experience for many Chinese EFL university learners in class and in public.In many situations, they prefer to remain silent and passive listeners.This study aims to detect linguistic, psychological, socio-cultural hindrances and lends a sympathetic ear to Chinese university EFL learners enrolled in a public sector university in Wuhan and sheds light on their perspective that cause apprehension in communicating English as a FL/SL.Horwitz's FLA, Krashen's input hypothesis, affective filter hypothesis, Tanveer's learners' perspective, Vygotsky's and Feuerstein's social constructivism have been used as theoretical frameworks.The present study employed a qualitative method for collecting data and directed content analysis was conducted with deductive and inductive approach.Focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Chinese EFL university students within an academic and social context.The respondents were from social sciences discipline and had enrolled in fall semester for attending one course of English oral communication skills in the department of FL.The results of the directed content analysis indicated that respondents experienced communication apprehension and anxiety due to their own self-related psychological, cognitive, linguistic, academic, social and cultural aspects.They felt anxiety due to personality traits, low language proficiency, perceived academic issues, scholastic competence, poor pronunciation, and above all lack of lexical knowledge in TL.

Copyright © 2020 (Qin Huang, huangqin@hust.edu.cn, and Yajun Wang, 1475551437@qq.com). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org. Monica Boria, Ángeles Carreres, María Noriega-Sánchez, and Marcus Tomalin, Translation and Multimodality: Beyond Words, London, UK: Routledge, 2019, 210 pp., $108.69 (hardcover), $34.55 (paperback).

The learners of English language frequently convey the feeling of anxiety, nervousness and edginess. The realization of EFL (English as a Foreign language), ESL (English as a Second language) or TL (target language) anxiety among university postgraduates is essential. Once understood, the factors causing anxiety, nervousness and jumpiness can be mitigated and desired aims and goals of communicating in EFL and ESL can be attained. This study sets out to examine the English language anxiety or Xenoglossophobia among Chinese postgraduates. The participants were selected from department of foreign languages of two well-reputed Chinese universities in Wuhan. Besides, students’ three demographic variables have been used to investigate the English language anxiety i.e. age, gender and time span or years spent in learning English language. Apart from that, three pivotal features of FL or SL, namely communication apprehension (CA), fear of negative evaluation (FNA) and general feeling of anxiety (GFA) derived from Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety scale (FLCAS) devised by Horwitz were also a part of this investigation which was modified to English Language Anxiety Scale (ELAS) as the focal point of this investigation is on L2 or EL. The quantitative research technique was employed for collecting data from 116 Chinese postgraduates majoring in English, both male and female whose ages vary from 20 to 26. The results obtained were analyzed utilizing diverse statistical analysis i.e. Pearson correlation, descriptive statistics, and Multiple Regression. The findings revealed that Chinese learners of English majors experience moderate level of anxiety and no significant correlation was found between English language anxiety and demographic factors. Eventually, Chinese postgraduates were found experiencing mainly “GFA” through Multiple Regression analysis in English as a foreign language.

The current research study aims at inspecting various levels of apprehension and anxiety faced by university postgraduates in Pakistan and China when learning a foreign language (FL).The target population of this research was the university postgraduates from a Chinese university in Wuhan, and a public sector university in Lahore, Pakistan.The sample of this study was 206 postgraduates, out of which 106 (male =28, female= 78) from a Chinese university and 100 (male=53, female= 47) from a Pakistani university in Lahore.The sample was selected randomly and aged (21-30), and all participants belonged to the postgraduate level.Horwitz's foreign language classroom anxiety scale (known as FLCAS) was used as a survey model, a theoretical framework for collecting data from both universities.The Statistical Package of a Social Sciences (SPSS version23) was used to get quantitative results.Descriptive statistics were used to investigate the anxiety level.Mean score and standard deviation were computed of both groups, besides it, the independent samples t-test was run to compare the mean score of both groups and infer if there existed any difference in the target language anxiety level.The results revealed that Chinese postgraduates face more anxiety than Pakistani postgraduates, and there existed significant differences in foreign language anxiety levels of both groups.Based on the results, it can be implicated that combined efforts of mentors and students can pave the way in tackling anxiety among university postgraduates.

ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of translation criticism (TC) based on a bibliometric analysis of data in the online Bibliography in Interpreting and Translation (BITRA). The analysis focuses on, among other issues, the evolution of research output, publication types, authors and themes. Results suggest that TC research experienced an overall trend of growth from the 1940s to the 2010s, mainly in the form of journal articles and book chapters. It has attracted greater attention from young scholars during the past two decades. Meanwhile, publications, spearheaded by researchers with continuing interests in this field and some very active and productive journals, have a wide distribution of publication outlets and authors. Additionally, this research identifies some popular topics, such as quality assessment models and methods, reviews, evaluations, text-based linguistic analysis, poetry and novels. Also, it reveals that in the database, case studies are widely applied, and scholars' attention has gradually shifted from linguistic to extra-linguistic factors. Overall, the field is still relatively underresearched in the translation studies (TS) community with some potentially underexplored areas. Thus implications for future research, such as strengthening collaboration, intensifying research in online reviewing/criticism, enhancing corpus-based research, and research from cultural and sociological perspectives, are proposed.

斯珀伯和威尔逊提出的关联理论为翻译文本的研究提供了新视角.基于关联理论来探究王际真在茅盾小说《报施》英译本中运用的翻译方法,可以更全面与客观地揭示该译本的价值.王际真的英译本既较好地传达了原文作者的意图,又考虑了译文读者的阅读期待和认知环境.该译本运用了直接翻译的方法以满足译文读者的阅读期待.但考虑到译文读者的认知环境与原文读者认知环境的差异,王际真将原文中的隐含信息、文化负载词和逻辑信息进行了意译与增译,并删减了部分繁赘信息,尽可能使译文读者以最小的处理成本获得足够的语境效果,实现最佳关联.

Rovira-Esteva, Orero, and Franco Aixela1 estimate that, over the past twenty years, more than 60,000 publications—including books, journals, academic theses, and so on—have been produced in transla...

本文拟从哲学角度对翻译身体学所蕴合的对话性、在场性、感知性和体验性特征加以探讨.翻译身体学以步步解构的方式颠覆了长期霸占西方翻译意识形态的作者-原作二元论、对等观的工具论和译者之殇的完美论,恢复了译者的身体感觉,使译者的身体得以解放.

This article aims to discuss the importance of pragmatics in translation, paying particular attention to the difficulties posed by two non-clausal units or inserts (Biber et al. 1999). These elements have been classified into nine categories, namely interjections, greetings and farewells, discourse markers, attention signals, response elicitors, response forms, hesitators, polite formulae and expletives. In this article we will discuss two of them, interjections and expletives, both of which express stance. We will consider the possible renderings of these elements in Spanish and Chinese and the difficulties they pose in the translation of fictional dialogue in connection with previous research into this issue in order to identify future lines of enquiry. As regards the translation of expletives, it seems that recent publications point towards a greater presence of swearwords in Spanish dubbed versions than in the past, referred to in this article as a "vulgarization hypothesis".