目的：本研究调查武汉市远城区的地下水情况。研究结果将有助于对水源性的疾病预防控制,以及对目前短期处理规划和未来城市的公民基础设施的发展提供依据。方法研究包括现场调查井的类型,供水人口,以及井与附近的潜在污染源之间的距离测量等。每个村水样本的收集分别在2008年,2010年和2012年开展。结果调查发现武汉市远城区的居民生活饮用水主要是三中方式院处理水,地表水和地下水。没有被城市供水系的覆盖的村高达59豫。使用最多的水源是地下水。调查发现有三种井的类型大口水井,手压井和电泵井。手压井型使用率为82豫,供应的人群高达63豫。三次理化和微生物指标检测的结果变化在各地区有所不同。蔡甸和新州微生物指标不合格率增加,2012年除新州外,其它三区的理化指标不合格率增加。结论结果表明理化指标不合格率和微生物指标不合格率都很高。微生物指标不合格率显示出与水井潜在的污染源之间的距离的负相关关系,但根本原因还需要进一步调查。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the content of organophosphrus pesticides in the drinking water in the rural district of Wuhan City and to provide scientific bases for the further water renovation and building in new countryside. METHODS The content of organophosphrus pesticides in the drinking water were determined by GC-MS. With the data detected, a preliminary risk assessment had been done by using the formula of risk assessment of chemical contamination. RESULTS Acephate, meththamidophos, isocarbophos, dimethoate, dichlorvos, parathion methyl, demeton and monocrotophos were not detected in all samples. Triehlorfon, parathion, malathion and fenitrothion were detected in some samples. The means of four detected organophosphrus pesticides respectively were 172 ng / L, 9.3 ng / L, 168 ng / L and 34 ng / L. The health risk of four detected organophosphrus pesticides to the individual person per year was between 6.9×10-12 and 7.7×10-10. CONCLUSION The health risk of organophosphrus pesticides to the individual person per year is far below maximum acceptable standard by ICRP through drinking water. It is considered that organophosphrus pesticides in drinking water do not cause obvious health hazards.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of 11 chlorobenzenes in water by gas chromatography.Methods: 11 kinds of chlorobenzenes in water were detected by capillary gas chromatography.The chromatographic conditions,limits of detection,reagent blank and interference factors were studied and optimized.Results: The recoveries were 95%~107%.The RSD were 0.99%~4.1%.The limit of detection was 0.04 μg/L~20 μg/L.Conclusion: The method is simple,sensitive and suitable for the analysis of pesticide residues.

Objective:To understand the quality and sanitary protection condition of the drinking water in the rural district of Wuhan city and to provide scientific analysis for the further water renovation and building new countryside.Methods: In accordance with the relevant regulations in the standards of drinking water (GB5749-2006),the water samples were taken and preserved.The water samples were detected in accordance with the examination methods for drinking water(GB/T5750-2006),and the results were evaluated according to the relevant regulations in the Table 4 of health standards of drinking water (GB5749-2006).Results: The qualified rate of rural centralized water supply was 19.2%.The qualified rate of scattered water supply was 17.4%.The main over standard indexes of rural centralized water supply and scattered water supply were organoleptic parameters and micobiological parameters.The χ2 test results indicated that the qualified rate of rural centralized water supply was in Xinzhou District higher than Huangpi District than Jiangxia District than Caidian District(P0.05).The qualified rate of scattered water supply was in Xinzhou and Huangpi District higher than Jiangxia District than Caidian District(P0.05).Among the over standard indexes of rural centralized water supply,only the standard plate-count bacteria took on significant difference among four districts(P0.05).Among the over standard indexes of scattered water supply,the standard plate-count bacteria,total coliforms,thermotolerant coliform bacteria,turbidity,visible residue,manganese and chemical oxygen demand took on significant difference among four districts(P0.05).Conclusion: The qualified rate of rural centralized water supply and scattered water supply in Wuhan was low.The over standard indexes are more.The health situation is worrying.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of manganese in whole blood.Methods:The sample was digested with a mixture of nitric acid and perchloric acid(1+4) and manganese was determined by graphite furnace atomic spectrometry.Results:Using this method,the least determination of manganese was 0.001 mg/L and the recovery rate was in the range of 98.4%～99.3%.Conclusion:The method has many advantages such as celerity,high accuracy and degree of precision.It is appropriate for spreading.

<正>出厂水在储运过程中由于管道老化、停留时间过长以及二次供水设施(水箱等)清洗不及时等因素,容易造成二次污染,常常导致用户直接使用的末梢水卫生状况较差。为掌握武汉市二次供水的卫生现状和与二次供水安全相关的危

饮用地下水是农村居民饮水中的重要组成部分,关系着农村居民的身体健康.我国部分地区均存在着饮用地下水的安全问题.为了解湖北省武汉市农村地下饮用水的卫生学状况,于2007年8月～11月对武汉市新洲、黄陂、蔡甸、江夏、洪山5个远城区的农村地下饮用水进行调查.

Objective:To study the determination method of cadmium in cosmetics.Methods:The content of cadmium in the samples was determined by automatic graphite stove atom absorb spectrometry after the samples were digestes by HNO3.Results:Using this method,the least determination concentration of cadmium was 0.001 mg/kg and the recovery rate was 95.5%~100.0%.Conclusion:The method has many advantages such as celerity,high accuracy and degree of precision.It is appropriate for use and extension.

目的:对石墨炉原子吸收测定生活饮用水中铝的方法进行优化。方法:通过对石墨炉升温程序条件进行优化,再对生活饮用水水样进行检测。结果:通过优化,方法的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9993~0.9997,相对标准偏差为0.48%~1.33%,回收率在99.7%~101.0%之间。结论:通过优化,该方法具有操作简便,试剂用量少的优点,适宜在水质检测中推广应用。

瓶(桶)装饮用纯净水(以下简称:瓶装水),已成为我国广大城乡居民的一种主要饮水形式,对于降低饮用水中各种化学、毒性污染物,提高饮水水质,缓解水质污染对人体的危害,起到了积极的作用.然而,全国许多城市对瓶装水微生物的抽查结果[1],菌落数和大肠菌群合格率不高,一般合格率徘徊在30%～60%之间,而且难以保证微生物指标合格率稳定.瓶装水微生物污染问题已成为我国食品卫生安全十分突出的问题.作者采用现场调查、试验和实验室试验相结合的研究方法,对臭氧(O3)在纯净水消毒中的技术应用和瓶(桶)装饮用纯净水卫生标准某些不完善处进行了研究.

铅的测定方法有火焰原子吸收法、极谱法和双硫腙比色法,由于这些方法灵敏度不高,故取样量要求较大,这不适合用于直接测定血液中的铅.目前许多医院只能采用间接法测定血液中的铅,即"锌原卟啉"法[1],该方法原理是铅会影响血液中原卟啉含量,铅中毒病人游离原卟啉含量会升高,通过测定原卟啉含量间接测定铅含量,但实际上影响原卟林因素很多.本文所建立的方法能直接测定血液中铅含量,并且样品用量少(0.5?ml血液),准确度高,灵敏度高,操作简便快速.

铅的测定方法有火焰原子吸收法、极谱法和双硫腙比色法,由于这些方法灵敏度不高,故取样量要求较大,本文所研究石墨炉全自动原子吸收测定尿铅方法,样品用量少(0.5ml尿样),准确度高,灵敏度高,操作简便快速.

长期暴露在日光下易造成紫外线对皮肤的损伤.现代科学技术的发展,人们对紫外线损伤皮肤的认识更加深入,从而对紫外线防护产品的需求增加了,于是市场上各种防晒剂应运而生,本文就紫外防护剂及防护作用测定方法简述如下. 1紫外线损伤皮肤的防护 对紫外线的防护主要采用屏蔽防护形式,如穿适宜的衣服、打伞、戴帽,戴防护眼镜等均有一定的防护作用.就对皮肤的防护而言,目前已出现了各种防晒产品,如防晒霜、防晒粉饼、防晒唇膏、防晒发胶等.这些产品对于保护皮肤免受紫外线的损伤具有重要意义.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">公共浴池水质污染状况调查武汉市卫生防疫站（４３００２２）韩铁军付秀章李汉桥张启生徐云斌李汉珍周明乐１９９６年４月，对我市１５家公共浴室池浴水质的污染状况进行了卫生学调查。调查方法１５家浴室分为两大类，甲类属现代洗浴冲浪池，乙类属普通大池。（１）采样方...</span>