Objective To analyze the nitrofuran metabolites residues in shrimp of Hubei area in 2013～2015,so as to provide scientific basis for the source and hazard analysis.Methods The residues of 4 kinds of nitrofuran metabolites including furaltadone,nitrofurazone,nitrofurantoin and furazolidone in shrimp of Hubei area were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS),and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by Excel and SPSS 16.0.Results The detection rate of nitrofuran metabolites was 27.09％,and all of them were semi carbazide (SEM),while river prawn had the highest detection rate of 61.54％,followed by shrimps of 6.78％ and crawfish of 1.38％.For overall homogenate river shrimp,the detection rate was up to 91.67％,while SEM was not detected in the shelled shrimp samples.Conclusion Different levels of SEM are detected in shrimp of Hubei area,meanwhile endogenous SEM is founded in river prawn.According to the food consumption data of residents in Hubei area,the SEM exposure in shrimp is less harmful to human health.

目的：本研究调查武汉市远城区的地下水情况。研究结果将有助于对水源性的疾病预防控制,以及对目前短期处理规划和未来城市的公民基础设施的发展提供依据。方法研究包括现场调查井的类型,供水人口,以及井与附近的潜在污染源之间的距离测量等。每个村水样本的收集分别在2008年,2010年和2012年开展。结果调查发现武汉市远城区的居民生活饮用水主要是三中方式院处理水,地表水和地下水。没有被城市供水系的覆盖的村高达59豫。使用最多的水源是地下水。调查发现有三种井的类型大口水井,手压井和电泵井。手压井型使用率为82豫,供应的人群高达63豫。三次理化和微生物指标检测的结果变化在各地区有所不同。蔡甸和新州微生物指标不合格率增加,2012年除新州外,其它三区的理化指标不合格率增加。结论结果表明理化指标不合格率和微生物指标不合格率都很高。微生物指标不合格率显示出与水井潜在的污染源之间的距离的负相关关系,但根本原因还需要进一步调查。

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and its influence factors on inhabitants in Wuhan, and provide evidence for developing intervention strategy. Methods Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied in Jianghan and Huangpi districts of Wuhan city. Questionnaire survey,body height,body weight,and blood pressure were conducted among 1632 inhabitants aged over 18 years. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influence factors of hypertension. All the data were put into the database with Epi-Data version 3. 1 software and analyzed with SPSS version17. 0 software. Result The prevalence rate of hypertension in the population was 33. 3%( male 36. 92%,female 30. 7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,BMI and high-salt diet were identified as the major risk factors of hypertension,with the odds ratio( OR) values: 3. 20,1. 52 and 1. 43 respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in Wuhan inhabitants aged over 18 years was basically consistent with the national average level,and it has become one of the major harmful factors for the health of the inhabitants in Wuhan.

军团病是由军团菌引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,严重威胁着人群健康.我国部分地区对人群血清中的军团菌抗体水平进行流行病学调查结果均表明,暴露人群中军团菌血清抗体水平较高.公共场所是供公众从事社会生活的各种场所,为了解武汉市公共场所从业人员的嗜肺军团菌隐形感染情况,预防军团病的暴发和流行,武汉市疾病预防控制中心对公共场所从业人员进行了军团菌血清学流行病学调查.

Objective To survey the sanitation status and give the risk evaluation to the central air conditioning system in public place,and provide scientific evidences for establishing evaluation model of air conditioning system.Methods 40 units(including hotels,restaurants,shopping malls and supermarkets) which had the central air conditioning system were selected by layered and random sampling,and the data were analyzed by STATA 8.0.Results The eligible rate of the inhalable particulate matter was 80.66%,the eligible rate of amount of dust particles from the inside surface of flue pipes was 97.62%. The qualified rates of total count of germs from outlets and the inside surface of flue pipes were 87.57% and 99.40%.The positive rate of Legionella pneumophila was 45.71%.Conclusion Some public health risks exist in the central air conditioning system.Some measures including cleanout periodically should be taken to prevent the health problem.

目的:对4类化妆品中As、Pb、Hg通过皮肤暴露途径对人体健康的年风险进行评价.方法:利用健康风险评价模型,采用了暴露剂量-反应外推法来计算人群的健康风险和个人最大超额危险评价模型来表征及评价风险.结果:4类化妆品中的化学致癌物As是主要的污染,占个人年风险的 99.99%.而在非致癌污染物中,Pb又是主要污染,占非致癌污染物个人年风险的 54.1%～97.8%.结论:通过对化妆品的健康风险评价,能直接反映各有害物质对人体的危害程度.

The public health risk assessment was used in bottled purified water for drinking based on the data of 2001～2004. In order to assess the annually health risk caused by arsenic、lead、copper in the bottled purified water for drinking, the models of annually health risk and the methods of exposed dose-reactivity extrapolation were applied. The personal excess dangerous model was used. In the purified water, chemical carcinopen-arsenic was the primary pollutant. It caused 99.98% personal annual risk. In the non- chemical carcinopen, lead was the main pollutant. It caused 82.9% personal annual risk.

在对吸烟人群进行调查时,需要一个具体的指标来判断调查结果的可靠性.可丁宁作为尼古丁的代谢产物,是一个合适的标记物.它的半衰期较长(平均约为20h)[1],具有很好的灵敏性和特征性[2].

研究了用抑制电导离子色谱法一次进样同时测定水中Li+、Na+、NH+4、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+的色谱法条件,相对标准偏差小于0.5%,加标回收率在97.5%～104.0%.在水质分析中运用t检验法,比较了用钙、镁离子浓度计算和传统方法测定的总硬度之间是否存在显著性差异.

随着人民生活水平的不断提高,对居室进行不同程度的装修在城市居民中已成为一种趋势.在装修中必然要用到大量的油漆和涂料,由此带来的室内空气污染问题也日益突出,尤其是油漆涂料中挥发性有机化合物[1](Volatile organic compounds,VOCs)在室内不断释放,会引起不良建筑物综合症[2,3](Sick building syndrome,SBS),其对健康的影响已引起了人们的极大关注. 为了掌握涂料在使用过程中释放出VOCs的种类,及其在实际情况下对人体可能造成的危害,我们采用了顶空技术结合GC-MS对市售的9种油漆、涂料中VOC的种类进行了鉴定.

为确保家用化学品的使用安全,对武汉市5家大型商场及超市经销的123种家用化学品进行了调查. 调查123种家用化学品标签标识的产品名称、生产厂家、厂址、用途、使用方法等内容,并填写有关调查表.对其中36种家用化学品进行了pH、酸度、碱度、卤代烃含量检测.结果为:产品的基本信息--产品名称和生产厂家的标注率为100%,厂址的标注率为98.37%,用途和使用方法的标注率分别为96.75%、78.05%,而生产日期、有效期的标注率仅为53.66%和51.22%.其它一些信息标注较少,警示语的标注率为37.40%.本次调查的123种家用化学品中有10种为进口产品,皆有中文说明.

水中浑浊度的测定,长时期以来,采用硅藻土目视法[1],1985年出版的<生活饮用水标准检验法>(GB 5750-85)增加了以福尔马肼为标准的分光光度法[2],近年我国生活饮用水标准检验方法协作组将硅藻土法删除,而制定了以福尔马肼为标准的散射法,1995年8月17日国家技术监督局发布<饮用天然矿泉水检验方法>(GB/T 8538-1995)明确规定采用上述方法[3].以福尔马肼为标准的散射法,主要以散射浊度仪进行测定.我们对有关测定中的影响因素进行了探讨,报告如下.

为了验证在美国加州实施后取得巨大成效,并已成为美国第三代预防吸烟的代表技术的SMART计划是否适用于武汉,我们对武汉市初一学生的吸烟行为及其与社会心理因素的关系进行了调查.通过单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,结果表明,吸烟率高达31.2%(尝试吸过烟的学生占31.2%,吸过1支烟的占12.7%,吸过100支烟占3.4%,已养成吸烟习惯的占1.0%).影响吸烟行为的因素包括家庭、伙伴、社会、抵御同伴递烟压力的能力以及心理压力等.这与SMART计划的针对性保持高度一致.因此,我们预计SMART计划在武汉实施将是非常有效和切实可行的.