区域共建国家实验室是国家优化创新体系和区域创新一体化发展的重要举措."共投、共治、共享"是区域共建国家实验室的基本理念.探讨区域共建国家实验室机构性质、组织形式、运行机制.探析区域共建国家实验室建设实践中需要解决的问题及对策.

通过分析经济动能转换与产业结构优化升级的关系提出TOP5产业结构分析法.TOP5产业结构分析法是一种通过分析一个经济体内增加值排在前五位的产业结构来监测经济动能转换是否完成或是否正在顺利进行的简便易行的方法.将TOP5产业结构分析法运用于监测全国和北京、 山东的经济动能转换有重要的发现.中国其他省市自治区也都可以运用TOP5产业结构分析法实时监测当地的经济动能转换进程.

Cultivating innovation ecosystem is a pemanent solution for development of "the Belt and Road" overseas industrial park.Innovation ecosystem in general goes through four stages:newborn stage,growth stage,maturity stage,and reborn stage.At newborn stage,the major objective and task is to create a good innovation environment;at growth stage,it is to raise abundant innovation communities;at maturity stage,it is to cultivate fluent innovation relationship;and at reborn stage,is to coordinate relevant parties to reach a new consensus on "the Belt and Road" overseas industrial park's future.Five pairs of contradictions need to be properly dealt with in order to cultivate innovation ecosystem in "the Belt and Road" overseas industrial park.

营造创新创业环境、集聚创新资源,是地方实施创新驱动转型发展的重要途径.潍坊地处山东中部,产业结构偏向重工业且以资本密集型为主,结构比例失调,增长方式粗放,企业创新能力不足. 2014年,潍坊市GDP增速9％,位居山东全省第十.2015上半年GDP增速8％,低于去年同期,转型已迫在眉睫.但是,潍坊创新资源不足,在山东并没有优势地位,而且创新资源受青岛、济南的“虹吸”效应明显,难以留住创新人才和资源.在这种形势下,潍坊市解放思想,创新观念,通过引进创新平台的方式,有效带动创新资源的集聚,进而吸引创新成果转化落地,有效培育了新产业,探索了一条具有一定工业基础但创新资源不足的城市创新驱动发展道路,值得借鉴.

To build up a better risk governance system in China,participation of various social groups are needed. Scientists are considered as the most trustworthy professional groups in China. Their participation in risk governance is very important. However, in China nowadays, the level of scientists’ participation in risk governance is very low. The intervention from government,the misrepresentation from the media,and the lack of initiatives are the main hindrances. More active measures should be taken by the government and the society to promote the scientists’participation in risk governance.

本文基于创新基金2005-2012年资助的生物制药中小企业数据,从生物制药产业现状入手,对中小企业发展总体情况、业务格局、盈利能力等进行了分析研究,挖掘并呈现了当前我国生物制药中小企业的特点、规律和方向,为进一步加快我国生物制药中小企业发展提出建议.

首先考察了美国国家科学基金会监察长办公室的性质使命、职责权力以及工作流程；其次对美国国家科学基金会监察长办公室的不同监察案例，包括一般审计案例、行政处罚案例、民事诉讼案例以及刑事诉讼案例等进行了分析；最后根据美国国家科学基金会监察体系的启示，提出了加强我国科技计划法制化管理的具体建议。

<正>经过多年的改革发展,我国的研发投入和支出结构已经发生了根本性变化,但是,我国企业创新能力薄弱的问题一直未能得到有效解决。中共中央、国务院发布的《关于深化科技体制改革加快国家创新体系建设的意见》指出,"企业技术创新主体地位没有真正确立……迫切需要进一步深化科技体制改革,加快国家创新体系建设"。我们认为。"高水平创新成果"和"高层次创新人才"的结构失衡是当前我国技

National science and technology marketing is a new idea we put forward to guide the systematic solution of diffusion problem in scientific and technological program.It refers to government introducing modern marketing idea,drawing on the experience of enterprise in marketing,and so promoting technology diffusion.The basic thoughts of national science and technology marketing are summarized as follows:firstly,the government needs to change their traditional technology-production-center idea for a market-center idea and to manage scientific and technological program in accordance with market.Secondly,the government needs to draw on every feasible method of the enterprise marketing.Thirdly,the government needs to establish a professional marketing team to accomplish the functions of national science and technology marketing.

At the beginning of this century,some American scholars and entrepreneurs declared that the industrial lab is obsolete.They based their viewpoint on three grounds which are refuted one by one in this paper.In this paper,the functions of the industrial lab are also analyzed.A conclusion is drawn that the industrial lab is not yet obsolete and it will remain in existence.

农业的产业形态复杂,涉农行业多样,产业延伸广阔,技术创新体系复杂.解决中国的农业和农业科技问题必须跳出狭隘的农业和农业科技范畴来发现问题、理清思路、寻求破解之道.农业科技创新不仅仅是研究开发,也不能把当前农业科技创新的突出问题简单归结为技术供给不足,而应将提升农业科技自主创新能力破解农业面临的问题放在一个更为广阔的农业创新生态背景下来研究和部署.

Regional strategic technology roadmap is an innovative tool,which utilizes the theory and methods of technology roadmap,to implement regional 12th Five-Year Science and Technology Plans.This paper first discusses the importance of technology roadmap on regional level as well as the limitations of industry and product technology roadmap in implementation.Then the main architecture,chief features and research methods of regional strategic technology roadmap are described,with a case study in Shanghai integrated circuit industry.The Three Diagrams in One is highlighted and demonstrated.In the end,the future effects of regional strategic technology roadmaps in Shanghai are expected,along with the key points in a regional strategic technology roadmap practice.

高技术研究发展计划（863计划）是我国发展高技术的一面旗帜。本文分析了该计划两个阶段的历史,总结了两个阶段各自的特点,并重点分析了新时期该计划面临的四类主要问题。这四类主要问题分别是与其它科技计划的关系问题、新阶段新手段的问题、提升我国产业竞争力的问题以及计划自身的组织管理问题。

Many important changes happened in the history of industrial laboratory.These changes include company's strengthening management on the industrial laboratory,company's altering financial way for the industrial laboratory,moderation of the industrial laboratory's size,virtualization of the industrial laboratory's structure,diversification of the industrial laboratory's function,research policy's turning from basic-research-focusing to applied-research-focusing,and declining of the industrial laboratory's academic tradition.Through summing up these changes,this article paves the way for more research on the industrial laboratory's evolution,and also provides good suggestions for the construction of industrial laboratory in our country.

Functions of the industrial laboratory have yet not been fully appreciated in our academic and entrepreneurial circles.The industrial laboratory possesses six categories of function.They are making discoveries through basic research,inventing through applied research,participating in company's exploitation of internal research achievement,aiding company in utilizing external research achievement,training and educating company staff,and helping company build and maintain good public relations.These functions form a functional system of the industrial laboratory which changes as the social and economical environment changes.

The Government played an important role in technological innovation. Government investment can help and guide enterprises in technological innovation activities. Moreover, government can stipulate a series of policies to create a good environment for business innovation, and encourage innovative behavior. However, the role of government in innovation of the various-sized enterprises was different. Based on the data of the innovation survey, this paper provided an empirical research on government investment and government innovation policies, analyzed the role of government in innovation for various-sized enterprises, and put forward policy recommendations.

The increase of BERD has promoted GERD since the 1990s in China.In recent years,foreign affiliates' R&D expenditure has been growing faster than domestic majority-owned firms.In China,the source and performer of BERD is quite different from before.Most foreign affiliates' R&D expenditure pours into few high-tech industries and developed regions.Domestic funded enterprises have gotten very little technology spill over from the foreign affiliates.The government should pay attention to the science and technology activities of foreign affiliates and their effects on national innovation system,and promote carrying out the indigenous innovation strategy through making science and technology policies.

本文对我国科技评价现状及存在问题进行了分析,科技评价主要存在的问题包括科技评价过多、过泛;科技评价方法科学性有待提高;部分科技评价不够透明公开等。并在充分调研基础上,针对基础研究和前沿技术科技评价过程中存在的主要问题提出了相应解决措施和建议。

R&D与GDP的比值是反映科学技术与经济协调发展的重要指标,在很大程度上反映了一个国家经济增长质量和经济发展方式.<国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要>提出到2010年该指标要达到2%."十一五"规划实施两年多来,R&D经费投入保持了较高的增长速度,但是R&D经费与GDP的比值的增长速度并没有达到规划目标所要求的平均增速.本文对该指标目前实现的进度、完成五年目标的趋势进行判断,对影响目标完成的主要因素进行了分析,并提出实现目标所需采取的对策措施.

<正>韩国是新兴工业化国家,技术引进在工业化进程中发挥了重要作用。但是通过加大科技创新力度和促进产学研结合,韩国逐步建立起了支撑经济和社会发展的创新体系,实现了科技发展战略由模仿向自主创新的转变。