该研究探讨了羟基自由基结合宰后高温处理的鸭肉肌原纤维蛋白(DMP)氧化及理化特性变化.鸭胸肉分别在宰后0.5～4.5 h期间经过0、40℃处理,之后提取的DMP经过不同浓度H2O2处理(0、5、10 mmol/mL),测定氧化后DMP的羰基含量、巯基含量、表面疏水性、保水性,蛋白质组成特征及凝胶结构分析.随着H2O2浓度的增加,两个温度处理组其DMP巯基含量和保水均显著降低(p<0.05);同时羰基含量和表面疏水性均显著升高(p<0.05).需要指出的是,高温处理组(40℃)与对照组(0℃)间差异统计学上显著(p<0.05).10 mmol/mL H2O2结合40℃处理后DMP羰基含量、巯基含量、表面疏水性和保水性分别达到15.72 nmol/mg pro、21.73 nmol/mg pro、96.57μg和83.09％.蛋白特征分析发现随着H2O2浓度升高不同温度处理组DMP间交联度均显著增加,其中40℃处理组较0℃处理组MP表现出较高的交联度,凝胶网络的均匀性显著降低且空隙增加.以上结果表明羟基自由基结合高温处理的DMP通过形成了二硫键使交联度增加,致使凝胶空间结构受到影响,这为鸭肉中蛋白氧化控制提供一定理论参考.

生物学师范生的教学设计能力培养需要跟上新时代生物学教学改革的步伐.指出的精研教学目标、撰写教学反思、研学新型学法、精读教研文章等途径,可以有效引导师范生提升指向核心素养的生物学教学设计能力,也提出了开好教师教育课程、遵循立德树人理念、强化教育实习活动等策略性建议,为拓宽师范生教学能力培养的途径、提高生物学教师教育质量提供参考.

植物学实验是生物科学专业一门重要的专业基础课程.为推进创新型人才培养,全面提高本科生的综合素质,在植物学实验"植物的叶"和"植物的花"章节中,结合教师自己的科学研究成果,将前沿的、具体的、符合实践教学内容的研究成果引入到实验课堂中,不仅丰富了教学内容,加深学生对理论知识的理解,同时激发了学生的学习兴趣和主观能动性,有利于本科生科研思维水平的提升.

A systematic vegetation survey is conducted in Tianmuhu National Forest Park, Jiangsu,in which seed plant flora was analyzed.There are 1 060 species of seed plants there ex-cept for obvious cultivated species.There are 5 species of Gymnosperm plants,which belong to 3 families and 5 genera,and 1 055 species of Angiosperm plants,which belong to 141 families and 471 genera.The flora analysis of seed plants shows the temperate areal-types are dominant and their genera number are 254,which account for 21.45% of total genera number in China. The second place are the tropic areal-types,the genera number of which is 153,occupying 10.03% of total genera number in China.

利用低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术研究反复冻融处理对肉鸡不同部位肌肉品质的影响.结果表明,反复冻融期间pH值变化不显著(P＞0.05).随着冻融次数的增加,肉鸡胸肉和腿肉解冻汁液损失显著下降(P＜0.05),硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(thiobabituric acid reactive substance,TBARS)值显著增大,总蛋白溶解度以及肌原纤维小片化冻融初期呈现上升趋势,总水分含量均逐渐降低.低场核磁共振T2弛豫时间分析显示,其自由水占比显著下降(P＜0.05).以上结果说明反复冻融使解冻汁液损失伴随自由水比例显著下降而逐步降低,由于肌肉pH值保持稳定,推测反复冻融过程中反复形成的冰晶对肌肉微观结构的破坏,尤其对肌原纤维蛋白质溶解度的影响起到一定的作用.

Pork longissimus muscle were taken at 20 min postmortem, kept at 0, 20 and 40 ℃ until 2 h postmortem and then stored at 4 ℃, respectively. 20 min, 1 h, 2 h and 24 h postmortem pork samples were selected and rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at-40 ℃before analyzed. During incubation, rapid increase of R value, accumulation of lactic acid and decrease of pH value were found in the high temperature group(40 ℃).These data indicated that glycolysis could be activated much more in the high temperature group(40 ℃). When analyzing the extracted proteins with SDS-PAGE, it revealed that both 100 ku and 35 ku polypeptides from sarcoplasmas faction was associated with the myofibrillar fraction. Moreover, the 40 ℃ group had higher L * values and cooking loss compared with the other two groups. These result indicated that high initial postmortem temperature could resulted in pale and exudative characteristics in pork, partly because the glycolysis was activated at high temperature.

应用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)研究了梾木种子低温层积过程中内源激素含量的动态变化,分析了内源激素与种子休眠与发芽的关系.结果表明:(1)梾木种子中IAA含量在层积处理初期剧烈降低,持续一段时间后又显著升高,但后期下降,且IAA/ABA也出现同样的变化;种子中ABA含量在层积处理前期较高,但随着处理时间的延长趋于下降;种子内GA1/3含量以及GA1/3/ABA均随层积处理时间的延长逐渐增大;种子内ZRs和iPAs含量的变化相对较为平稳,尽管有一定的波动,但整体呈渐趋增高趋势.(2)梾木种子发芽率及发芽势在未经层积处理以及处理时间少于90 d的条件下均为0,但随着层积处理时间的延长二者明显上升,层积处理的时间长短对梾木种子萌发有显著影响.(3)相关分析表明,梾木种子内GA1/3含量与种子的发芽率、发芽势均呈显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.688、0.662;种子内GA1/3/ABA增大有利于种子休眠解除和萌发.

简要介绍了硫辛酸在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展.硫辛酸作为辅酶因子在体内参与机体物质代谢过程中酰基转移,同时具有较高还原性,其可在畜禽生产中发挥重要作用.针对硫辛酸在降低畜禽油脂储藏期间的脂质氧化,缓解动物应激以及改善肉质等方面的研究进行论述,旨在为畜禽生产和加工提供一定理论指导.

The experiment was conducted to determine the physicochemical properties of Cornus obliqua seed oil and analyzed its fatty acid composition by GC-MS. The oil yield of C. oblique seed oil is about 7.4%. The physicochemical properties of the oil are 1.48% of refraction index( n20D),0.98 of relative density( d204),31.90 mg/g KOH of acid value and 201.02 mg/g KOH of saponification value. Five kinds of unsaturated fatty acids are in seed oil,and the relative content is over 95.91%.Two kinds of saturated fatty acids are in seed oil,and the relative content is 3.34%. The highest relative content of linoleic acid is about 68.29% followed by 25.25% of oleinic acid.

Changes of chlorophyll and carotenoid content,SOD,MDA,proline content in leaves of 5 emerged plants(Iris pseudacorus,Pontederia cordata,Typha orientalis,Thalia dealbata and Spiked loosestrlfe) under sewage submerging were studied by potted plant experiments,and their effects of purifying sewage were discussed by analyzing 6 water quality parameters: TN,NH+4-N,(NO-3-N+NO-2-N),TP and COD.The results were as follows: the chlorophyll content of 5 emerged plants fluctuated at the initial submerging period,but declined towards the end of sewage submerging,the carotenoid content had the similar tendency.During 15th-30th day after submerging,the change of SOD activity of both I.pseudacorus and S.loosestrlfe was little,and that of other plants went down,but SOD activity of whole plants increased after 45 days of submerging,and MDA content had a trend of rising at the later submerging period even though the change was not very acute in 15-30 days of submerging.The proline content of I.pseudacorus and P.cordata varied greatly,and that of other plants were not evident.The results from the comparation of physiological responses of five emerged plants showed T.orientalis,which wasn't sensitive to sewage submerging,was an more enduring specie to sewage submerging.On the other hand,the removal rates of T.dealbata to TN was 61.75 %,that of T.orientalis to TP was 87.50 %,so they were fine water punfication plant.

植物学是生物专业重要的专业基础课,对学生后续课程的学习及毕业后的工作实践都有重要影响.笔者针对高等师范院校的特点,就自己多年植物学教学实践的一些探索,从教学艺术、教学环节、教学内容及教学方法等方面,对植物学的教学改革、教学实践谈了自己的看法.

Dianthus caryophyllus is one of the four famous fresh cut flowers in the world because of its rich color and changeful patterns.In this study,we present a model to assess ornamental characteristics of D.caryophyllus.This model is based on an Analytic Hierchy Process(AHP).Using this model,we evaluated 14 different subspecies of D.caryophyllus including Master,Dallas and Tundra.The comprehensive score for each was calculated with correlation formula and standard score.Based on the comprehensive score,the 14 subspecies were divided into 4 classes:Cloud of butterflies,Moonshadow and Tundra were among the highest ranking,Prado and MoonDust etc.were in the second class,Seto bride and Master etc.in the third,Dallas and Omagh in the fourth.These results have some reference value in current cut flowers production of D.caryophyllus.

本文以万寿菊茎段为外植体材料,通过实验探讨了不同溶度的升汞、次氯酸钠、84消毒液在不同消毒时间下的灭菌效果.结果表明:在70%酒精中浸润30s后,选用0.1%HgCl2处理10min,和20%的84消毒液处理30min灭菌效果均很好.

The geographic variations among different provenances of Sapium sebiferum seeds were researched.The results showed that there were significant differences in the mass of 100 seed with testa wax(MSW) value among the provenances determined(F=4.52,P0.01).The seed size of 7 provenances was large,and the MSW value was over 14 g,which belonged to large seed type.The seed size of 3 provenances was small,and the MSW value was below 10 g,which belonged to small seed type.Whereas the seed size of the provenances belonged to the intermediate type,whose MSW value was between 10 g to 14 g.The MSW value of the 4 provenances from Xinning County of Hunan Province,Shangrao County of Jiangxi Province,Fangxian County of Hubei Province,and Ninghai County of Zhejiang Province was the largest,which were recommended as large seed provenance sources for superior germplasm selection.The mass of 100 dewaxed seeds(MDS) value of 9 provenances from Longli County,Kaiyang County and Daozhen County of Guizhou Province,Guangyuan County of Sichuan Province,Fangxian County of Hubei Province,Xinjian County,Yudu County and Shangrao County of Jiangxi Province,and from Yangchun County of Guangdong Province was higher(75%-90%),which were recommended as stillingia oil producing provenance sources for superior germplasm selection.The MDS value of 8 provenances from Hangzhou Municipality of Zhejiang Province,Nanning Municipality of Guangxi,Suichuan County of Jiangxi Province,Shiqian County of Guizhou Province,Xinning County of Hunan Province,Huangshan Municipality and Guichi County of Anhui Province was relatively lower(60%-70%),which were recommended as testa oil producing provenance sources for superior germplasm selection.The correlation analyses showed that the annual mean temperature and the accumulated temperature over 10℃ were the main environmental factors affecting the seed characters of S.sebiferum.

Variation of soluble sugar,protein and POD activity in bulbs of both Lycoris chinensis and Lycoris radiata during the growth and development were studied.The results showed both soluble sugar and protein of two Lycoris plants increased and appeared peak value during the prophase of flower bud differentiation,but the content of soluble sugar decreased with the coming of florescence.During the florescence,the soluble protein content of two Lycoris lied in high level,and decreased after florescence.During the leaves growth the soluble protein content of Lycoris radiata rose evidently,and that of Lycoris chinensis reversed.During the prophase of flower bud differentiation,the POD activity in bulbs of two Lycoris ascended,while the anaphase slightly descended.After florescence,the POD activity in bulbs of two Lycoris appeared brief low value and soon after moved up with the temperature reduction.

应用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）研究了石蒜与中国石蒜不同生长发育期鳞茎内源激素质量摩尔浓度的动态变化,分析了内源激素与2种石蒜生长发育的关系。结果表明,花芽分化前期2种石蒜鳞茎IAA浓度较低,而iPAs、ABA与GAs浓度较高;临近抽葶IAA浓度均有所增加,而iPAs与Zrs、ABA与GAs浓度均降到极值。花期ABA、GAs与ZR s浓度均有所回升,说明高浓度的ABA与GAs对2种石蒜的开花可能起正向调控的作用,但对叶生长的协同规律不明显。内源激素比例分析表明,ZR s/IAA、GAs/IAA、ABA/GAs三者比例高有利于2种石蒜的花原基分化,三者比例低则有助于2种石蒜的叶生长。

选用费氏石楠的嫩枝作为外植体进行组织培养,发现MS+6-BA1.0mg/L比较适合诱导费氏石楠腋芽的萌发;以MS为基本培养基,添加NAA0.1mg/L、6-BA1.0～1.5mg/L,能促进不定芽增殖,产生的不定芽生长情况良好,增殖系数高,是比较适合的芽增殖培养基;以1/2MS为基本培养基,添加NAA0.2mg/L对生根有较好的促进效果,生根率达76%,在此基础上再添加大豆豆浆5～10g/L,生根率可高达100%,根生长良好。

The blades height growth Rhythm of Lycoris chinenses was studied.The blades height growth period was divided into peak of growth,slow growth period,and post growth period by ordered sample clustering method.During the peak of growth,the blades height increase of L.chinenses exceeded 50%~60% of its total increase.His blades height growth rhythms were shown as S-shape.The results were all remarkable after their growth curve was matched by logistic growth curve.

Studies of artificial propagation were conducted on Lycorie radiate(L'Her)Herb.,L.chinensis Traub.,L.longituba Y.Hse et Q.J.Fan,L. sprengeri Comes ex Baker.The results are as below;compared with natural propagation coefficient of Lycoris bulbs,the artificial propagation coefficient was much higher.By twin-scaling,we could get the most but smallest bulblets from one mother bulb,whereas by scooping,we got the least but biggest bulblets. By chipping,the number of bulblets was not much less than that of twin-scaling but bigger bulblets formed.Therefore,chipping should be the best choice for practical production.