Periodontitis has been linked to dyslipidemia, but the relationship between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and periodontitis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate their association and develop a risk prediction model. This cross-sectional study analyzed 9579 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2014. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to evaluate the association and potential nonlinearity. A prediction model was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis and bootstrap calibration. Higher levels of the NHHR were associated with higher odds of periodontitis after multivariable adjustment. A nonlinear association was observed, with a more pronounced relationship above an inflection point. The final prediction model included 14 variables. The nomogram demonstrated modest-to-moderate discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.656) and acceptable calibration. Elevated levels of the NHHR were associated with periodontitis in this nationally representative sample. Although the predictive performance was modest, the model may provide preliminary exploratory information for risk stratification and requires further external validation and prospective studies before clinical use.

Periodontitis has been linked to dyslipidemia, but the relationship between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and periodontitis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate their association and develop a risk prediction model. This cross-sectional study analyzed 9579 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2014. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to evaluate the association and potential nonlinearity. A prediction model was developed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis and bootstrap calibration. Higher levels of the NHHR were associated with higher odds of periodontitis after multivariable adjustment. A nonlinear association was observed, with a more pronounced relationship above an inflection point. The final prediction model included 14 variables. The nomogram demonstrated modest-to-moderate discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.656) and acceptable calibration. Elevated levels of the NHHR were associated with periodontitis in this nationally representative sample. Although the predictive performance was modest, the model may provide preliminary exploratory information for risk stratification and requires further external validation and prospective studies before clinical use.

In this study, we have explored the reasons for the poor efficiency of 3′-deoxyadenosine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The effects of cordycepin and methotrexate on osteoclastogenesis were evaluated using the culture system of rat whole bone marrow cells and immunofluorescence staining with Kat1, a novel cell-surface antigen specifically expressed on rat osteoclasts. The effect of cordycepin on osteoclast formation was evaluated by tartaric acid-resistant phosphatase staining of bone marrow cell culture lines (pre-osteoclast formation lines) in which mesenchymal cells were removed. In the bone marrow culture system for evaluating osteoclastogenesis, methotrexate-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis was abrogated only by the addition of cordycepin. In the pre-osteoclast formation system, cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) was found to have no significant effect on osteoclast formation. To sum up, cordycepin should be carefully used in some cases of rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate and in the severe stages of rheumatoid arthritis.

The present study aimed to establish a strategy to accurately remove teeth adjacent to mesially impacted wisdom teeth. Geometric principles were applied to analyze the resistance of teeth adjacent to mesially impacted wisdom teeth before extraction, and the resistance of adjacent teeth was relieved. The traditional method used to extract mesially impacted wisdom teeth is the chisel technique, which has been gradually replaced by minimally invasive extraction because of its great degree of trauma. This study determined the cutting method, cutting line position, and cutting direction of mesially impacted wisdom teeth based on imaging data from panoramic radiographs under geometric guidance. In the case of a short cutting line, cutting and separation were completed within one attempt, the resistance of adjacent teeth was alleviated, and the surgical duration was shortened.

目的 探讨近中阻生下颌第三磨牙(MTM)和第二磨牙远中牙槽骨丧失(MSMDBL)的相关关系.方法选取274例近中阻生MTM的CBCT资料,测量MTM与MSM牙长轴夹角、MTM近中釉牙骨质界至MSM远中釉牙骨质界距离(MTMMCEJ-MSMDCEJ)和MSMDBL,并统计年龄、性别,分析各因素对MSMDBL的影响及相关关系.结果 MTM与MSM牙长轴夹角与MSMDBL呈正相关关系,当角度大于22.5?时,MSMDBL明显加重;当MTMMCEJ-MSMDCEJ距离大于6mm,MSMDBL明显加重,在9～12mm时最严重.结论 可将近中阻生的MTM与MSM牙长轴夹角超过22.5.或者MTMMCEJ-MSMDCEJ超过6mm视为预防性拔除MTM的指导原则.

目的:观察解除下颌近中阻生智齿拔除术中解除邻牙阻力的手术效果.方法:纳入双侧下颌近中位阻生智齿拔除的患者90例(19～42岁),一侧为传统拔牙阻,另一侧为切割预设计组.在影像学和临床检查的基础上,设计并应用斜切法、全牙冠垂直切割法、纵行切割法、横切联合纵向切割法拔除近中阻生智齿.同一患者两次拔牙间隔2周.术后7d复诊或随访.结果:切割预设计组与传统拔牙组比较,手术时间大于60 min、张口度小于二横指的患者数少(P<0.05),患者对手术满意的例数多(P<0.05).结论:根据下颌近中阻生智齿的邻牙阻力不同,采用上述不同的切割拔牙法,可顺利完成下颌近中阻生智齿的拔除.

Objective:The aim of this study is to systematically assess the postoperative outcomes of partial superficial parotidectomy（PSP） and superficial parotidectomy（SP） by systematic literature review and Meta-analysis, and to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the appropriate surgical approach in clinical process. Method:Relevant studies that compared the outcomes of PSP and SP for the parotid benign tumors were searched in Pubmed, CNKI and Wanfangdata databases, and Meta-analysis was performed using software RevMan 5.0. Result:24 studies were selected for the Meta-analysis. A total of 2 795 participants were included in those studies, of whom 1 301 underwent PSP and 1 494 underwent SP. The recurrence rates for PSP and SP were 1.14%（10 of 874） and 0.6%（6 of 993）, respectively. There were no statistically significant difference in recurrence rate between PSP and SP. The rates of transient facial nerve paresis for PSP and SP were 11.60%（122 of 1 052） and 27.37%（350 of 1 279）, respectively. The rates of permanent facial nerve paralysis for PSP and SP were 1.04%（6 of 579） and 4.46%（31 of 695）, respectively. The incidences of Frey's syndrome in PSP group and SP group were 9.20%（95 of 1 033） and 30.32%（409 of 1 349）, respectively. The rate of salivary fistulafor PSP and SP were 5.38%（37 of 688） and 11.25%（65 of 578）. PSP could reduce the risk for complications compared with SP. Conclusion:This systematic review with meta-analysis suggests that PSP has a similar recurrence rate as SP, but PSP can significantly reduce the postoperativecomplications.

华法林作为一种有效抗凝药,传统拔牙法常引起拔牙后的出血反应.该文报道并分析长期口服华法林的患者在不停药的、情况下采用微创拔牙的方法降低其拔牙后出血的风险.

目的:通过手术建立兔面神经损伤模型,探讨牙髓干细胞对兔面神经损伤的修复作用,阐明其可能机制.方法;分离、培养并诱导牙髓干细胞.45只兔随机分为正常对照组、模型组和实验组,每组15只.除正常对照组外,其余各组兔沿嘴角至耳前处做长约3 cm的切口,离断面神经上颊支,建立面神经上颊支损伤的动物模型.1周后向实验组兔手术术腔部位注入0.1 mL牙髓干细胞悬液(5×106个),正常对照组兔不作任何处理,模型组兔注射等量磷酸盐PBS缓冲液.术后2周观察各组兔行为表现及面部胡须运动功能评分,HE染色观察各组兔面神经组织病理形态表现,免疫组织化学染色观察兔面神经组织中脑源神经生长因子(BDNF)和睫状神经生长因子(CNTF)阳性细胞数,透射电镜观察兔面神经组织横切片中再生神经纤维数目、纤维直径和髓鞘厚度.结果:成功分离鉴定原代幼兔牙髓干细胞,大多数呈成纤维状、长梭形.HE染色后,第3代干细胞的细胞核呈深蓝色、卵圆形,呈梭形着色深细胞为成纤维细胞样细胞.与正常对照组比较,模型组兔面部胡须运动功能评分降低(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,实验组兔面部胡须运动功能评分升高(P＜0.05).与模型组比较,实验组兔治疗10周后,再生神经纤维较多,呈束状且紧密.与正常对照组比较,模型组兔面神经组织中BDNF和CNTF阳性细胞数明显降低(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,实验组兔面神经组织中BDNF和CNTF阳性细胞数明显升高(P＜0.05).与正常对照组比较,模型组兔面神经组织横切片中再生神经纤维数目、纤维直径和髓鞘厚度明显降低(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,实验组兔面神经组织横切片中再生神经纤维数目、纤维直径和髓鞘厚度数均明显升高(P＜0.05).结论:牙髓干细胞对面神经损伤具有一定的修复作用,其机制可能与上调BDNF及CNTF表达有关联.

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional finite element has been widely used in the oral cavity field, but little is reported on the three-dimensional finite element reconstruction of the mandibular body using titanium plate. OBJECTIVE:To study the biomechanical characteristics of reconstructing the mandibular body using titanium plate. METHODS:We established a three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular body defect undergoing reconstruction using bicortical titanium screws and titanium plate. Under the simulated normal occlusion state, a 200 N vertical load was added to the central fossa of the occlusal surface of the right mandible first molar. Then, stress distribution and maximum displacement of the mandible, titanium screw, and titanium plate were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the simulated normal occlusion state, mandible stress was concentrated in the mandibular body and mandibular branch, especial y in the anterior and posterior edges of the mandibular branch and the lower edge of the mandible. The stress in the posterior edge of the mandible was lower than that in the anterior edge of the mandible, and moreover, the contact site between the titanium plate and the mandible also presented a concentration of stress. The maximum stress of the bicortical titanium screws appeared near the screw cap, and the stress was also concentrated at the contact site between the titanium screw and the titanium plate. The maximum stress of the titanium screw at the ascending branch of the mandible was higher than that of the titanium screw at the anterior end of the defect. For the titanium plate, the stress was mainly concentrated at the fixed site of the titanium screws;the peak stress of the anterior and posterior edges of the titanium plate was found at the contact site between the anterior end of mandibular defect and the titanium stress as wel as between the ascending branch of the mandible and the titanium screw. After mandibular body reconstruction using the titanium plate, a displacement was likely to occur at the contact site between the anterior end of mandibular defect and the titanium plate. In conclusion, these findings indicate that mandibular body reconstruction using bicortical titanium screws and titanium plate is relatively stable, but the titanium plate fixed at the anterior part of the mandibular angle is prone to breakage.

Objective:To study the effects of deoxyadenosine(dAdo) on methotrexate (MTX) induced suppression of inflammatory bone destruction.Methods:The culture system of whole bone marrow cells (WBMCs) was utilized to evaluate osteoclastogenesis.TRAP staining and μCT analysis were utilized to evaluate osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in adjuvant arthritis rats.Results:In the bone marrow culture system,MTX-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis was abrogated by the addition of dAdo.dAdo canceled MTX-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis in the rats with arthritis,and significantly abolished the therapeutic effects of MTX on inflammatory bone destruction in the rats.Conclusion:The accumulation of dAdo may be one cause of the losing effectiveness of MTX in bone destruction.

BACKGROUND: In clinic,the mechanical study about fibula reconstruction for the repair of mandibular bone defect is unrealistic; the finite element analysis, however, provides a new approach for the biomechanical study of mandibular reconstruction. OBJECTIVE: To establish the three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular body defect under fibula reconstruction and smal titanium plate fixation, and to analyze the biomechanical features. METHODS:The three-dimensional model of mandibular body defect under fibula reconstruction and internal fixation was established. 100 N bite force was loaded on the anterior teeth, contralateral first molar and contralateral second molar, respectively. The maximum stress and maximum displacement before and after&nbsp;model reconstruction, the stress of bone tissues around the titanium plate and titanium screw holes under anterior and posterior loading, and the maximum displacement of the front and rear ends of the fibula under anterior and posterior loading were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maximum stress of the normal mandible concentrated in the condylar neck. In the reconstructed models, the maximum stress concentrated in the contralateral condylar neck. Under the same bite force, the maximum stress value of the reconstructed mandibular model was greater than that of the normal mandible. The maximum stress value of the anterior teeth was greater than that of the posterior teeth. The stress value was maximal between two screw holes inside each titanium plate and almost concentrated in the mandibular angle. The maximum stress of the residual titanium screw of the mandible concentrated in the first titanium screw over the mandibular defect under loading, while the maximum stress of the titanium screw of the fibular end concentrated in the titanium screw below the mesial segment of the fibula. The cortical bone around the screw holes located at the residual end of the mandible near the defect area and the upper plate of the mesial segment of the fibula was the maximum stress concentrated site, and the maximum stress of anterior tooth loading was greater than that of the posterior tooth loading. The displacement values of the fibula gradualy reduced from the upper edge to the lower edge in the X-axis, from the anterior and posterior ends to the middle part in the Y-axis, as wel as from the anterior end to the posterior end in the Z-axis. The maximum displacement values of the anterior and posterior ends of the fibula were at the Z-axis and Y-axis, respectively. The maximum displacement value under anterior tooth loading was greater than that under posterior tooth loading. These results show that the titanium plate over the mandibular angle that is most easy to break should be reinforced. If the stress of titanium screw tip and neck is relatively large, double cortical titanium screw is preferred; if the stress of titanium screw and titanium plate at the fibula end and residual end of the mandible is relatively large, we should pay attention to their stability and fixation; if the stress of anterior tooth occlusion is greater than that of posterior tooth occlusion, anterior tooth occlusion should be avoided after repair.

目的：探讨甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎效果不良的机制。方法在大鼠的全骨髓细胞的培养体系中，利用破骨细胞特异性抗体Kat1免疫染色来评价破骨细胞形成。在佐剂引导的关节炎动物试验模型中，利用免疫荧光染色来评价甲氨蝶呤对腺苷脱氨酶水平的影响。结果全骨髓细胞培养系中，脱氧腺苷废除了甲氨蝶呤对破骨细胞形成的抑制作用。在佐剂引导的关节炎动物试验模型中，甲氨蝶呤抑制了腺苷脱氨酶水平的表达。结论在类风湿关节炎的治疗过程中，腺苷脱氨酶的表达抑制可能导致甲氨蝶呤疗效不良的原因之一。

目的 体外研究舒尼替尼对头颈鳞癌细胞系PCI-13增殖和凋亡的影响,并观察STAT1、STAT3在凋亡过程中的变化,探讨STAT3通路在舒尼替尼诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡中的作用.方法 体外培养PCI-13细胞,用不同浓度的舒尼替尼处理24、48、72 h后,应用MTT比色实验,倒置显微镜、Wright-Giemsa染色、流式细胞术检测和观察PCI-13的生长抑制率和凋亡情况.细胞经血清饥饿后,分别用0、1、2、4 μmol/L的舒尼替尼处理2、8、16和24h,采用流式细胞术检测p-STAT1和3的表达,并设阴性和阳性对照组.结果 舒尼替尼可明显抑制PCI-13细胞的增殖,其最高抑制率可达92％,各浓度用药组不同处理时间之间生长抑制率有显著差异(P＜0.05),抑制率呈时间-浓度依赖性.同时舒尼替尼可诱导PCI-13细胞凋亡,凋亡率随处理时间延长和药物浓度增加而上升(P＜0.05).舒尼替尼不影响p-STAT1的表达(P＞0.05),但是可以显著抑制p-STAT3的表达,这种抑制存在浓度依赖性(P＜0.05).结论 舒尼替尼不但能够抑制PCI-13细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,而且能够抑制PCI-13细胞中STAT3的磷酸化水平,减少其激活.提示舒尼替尼诱导PCI-13细胞凋亡可能由STAT/JAK途径介导.

目的:研究腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)和甲氨蝶呤(MTX)对破骨细胞形成的作用.方法:用大鼠的全骨髓细胞培养体系(WBMCs)来评价破骨细胞形成.用半定量RT-PCR来评估MTX对ADA mRNA水平的影响.结果:全骨髓细胞培养系中,只有腺苷和脱氧腺苷消除了MTX对破骨细胞形成的抑制作用;MTX可抑制ADA mRNA的表达.结论:MTX抑制ADA表达,ADA表达下降使腺苷和脱氧腺苷表达升高,使MTX对破骨细胞的抑制作用减弱.

Objective:To study the mechanism of the effectiveness loss of methotrexate(MTX)in the treatment of rheumatoid arthri-tis.Methods:The culture system of rat whole bone marrow cells(WBMCs)and tartrateresistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining were utilized to evaluate osteoclastogenesis.The mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis factors in the WBMCs culture system was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Deoxyadenosine(dAdo)decreased MTX-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis.The recov-ery effect of dAdo on MTX was partially prevented by caffeine.MTX significantly reduced mRNA expression of receptor activator of nu-clear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL),dAdo partially recovered RANKL mRNA expression and inhibited osteoprotegerin(OPG)expres-sion.Conclusion:The accumulation of dAdo may induce the effectiveness loss of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.Com-bination of MTX and caffeine can be a potential therapeutic strategy.

To search cell surface molecules involved in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, especially in fusion process, it is one powerful approach to obtain monoclonal antibodies bearing ability to block formation of multinucleated osteoclasts. Ideally, direct bio-assay of hybridoma supernatants is quite convenient to screen monoclonal antibodies of interest from numerous culture wells. However, addition of hybridoma supernatant containing hypoxanthine–aminopterin–thymidine (HAT), components of the selection medium, to whole bone marrow cultures strikingly suppressed osteoclastogenesis. Here we clarified aminopterin is the responsible component in HAT medium to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Methotrexate (MTX), mono-methylated aminopterin, showed similar suppressive effect on osteoclastogenesis. When bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of all nucleosides, aminopterin and MTX-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis was abrogated. Among four nucleosides only adenosine canceled aminopterin-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis. Direct bio-assay of hybridoma supernatant containing HAT selection medium is now available to screen monoclonal antibodies if adenosine-containing culture medium was utilized for evaluating osteoclastogenesis.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is known to have prominent anticancer activity against several cancers, and is also known to be an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). In this study, we investigated the regulatory function of NDGA on inflammatory bone destruction mediated by osteoclasts. NDGA markedly inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced formation of osteoclasts in cultures of murine osteoclast precursor cell line RAW-D cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages culture systems. The inhibitory effect of NDGA on osteoclastogenesis did not arise from the inhibition of 5-LO activity. NDGA did not affect MAPKs, such as p38, JNK, and NF-κB, but significantly inhibited the induction of NFATc1, a key transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. NDGA also suppressed activation of ERK in osteoclast precursors. RANKL-induced calcium oscillation observed in osteoclast precursors was completely diminished by the addition of NDGA. In mature osteoclasts, RANKL-induced nuclear translocation of NFATc1 was clearly inhibited by NDGA treatment. Finally, in vivo studies demonstrated that administration of NDGA significantly reduced severe bone destruction and osteoclast recruitment in the ankle joint of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. These results indicate the potential utility of NDGA as a therapeutic agent for ameliorating inflammatory bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteoclasts are unique multinucleated cells formed by fusion of preosteoclasts derived from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, which are induced by RANKL. However, characteristics and subpopulations of osteoclast precursor cells are poorly understood. We show here that a combination of TNF-α, TGF-β, and M-CSF efficiently generates mononuclear preosteoclasts but not multinucleated osteoclasts (MNCs) in rat bone marrow cultures depleted of stromal cells. Using a rat osteoclast-specific mAb, Kat1, we found that TNF-α and TGF-β specifically increased Kat1(+)c-fms(+) and Kat1(+)c-fms(-) cells but not Kat1(-)c-fms(+) cells. Kat1(-)c-fms(+) cells appeared in early stages of culture, but Kat1(+)c-fms(+) and Kat1(+)c-fms(-) cells increased later. Preosteoclasts induced by TNF-α, TGF-β, and M-CSF rapidly differentiated into osteoclasts in the presence of RANKL and hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, suggesting that preosteoclasts are terminally differentiated cells. We further analyzed the expression levels of genes encoding surface proteins in bone marrow macrophages (BMM), preosteoclasts, and MNCs. Preosteoclasts expressed itgam (CD11b) and chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR2; however, in preosteoclasts the expression of chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR2 was not up-regulated compared to their expression in BMM. However, addition of RANKL to preosteoclasts markedly increased the expression of CCR1. In contrast, expression of macrophage antigen emr-1 (F4/80) and chemokine receptor CCR5 was down-regulated in preosteoclasts. The combination of TNF-α, TGF-β, and M-CSF induced Kat1(+)CD11b(+) cells, but these cells were also induced by TNF-α alone. In addition, MIP-1α and MCP-1, which are ligands for CCR1 and CCR2, were chemotactic for preosteoclasts, and promoted multinucleation of preosteoclasts. Finally, we found that Kat1(+)c-fms(+) cells were present in bone tissues of rats with adjuvant arthritis. These data demonstrate that TNF-α in combination with TGF-β efficiently generates preosteoclasts in vitro. We delineated characteristics that are useful for identifying and isolating rat preosteoclasts, and found that CCR1 expression was regulated in the fusion step in osteoclastogenesis.

Objective To identify effective component in sweet potato extract,and to observe the effect of the effective components on the formation and differentiation of osteoclast.Methods The effective components in sweet potato extracts were identified by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The effects of four kinds of effective components in sweet potato extracts on the formation and differentiation of osteoclast were observed by using three different cell culture systems.Results The effective components in sweet potato extracts included coffeic acid,chlorogenic acid,iso-chlorogenic acid and quinic acid.Among the four kinds of effective components,the effect of coffeic acid was most remarkable on the formation and differentiation of osteoclast.The coffeic acid inhibited directly the formation and differentiation of osteoclast,however,the inhibition effect of quinic acid was not obvious.Conclusion The four kinds of effective components in sweet potato extracts can affect the formation and differentiation of osteoclast,and the effect of coffeic acid is the most obvious and its inhibition effect on the formation and differentiation of osteoclast is the strongest.