ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） at “Zusanli” （ST36） on colonic mucosa injury， expression of nuclear factor κB （NF-κB）， and Aquaporin 8 （AQP8） in mice with transplanted colorectal cancer （CRC）， so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of colonic mucosal injury.MethodsA colorectal cancer cell strain CT26 was subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice to establish an animal model of transplanted CRC. When the tumor grew to 100–300 mm3， the mice were randomly divided into the tumor-bearing model， chemotherapy， and chemotherapy + EA groups， with 6 mice in each group. Another 6 normal BALB/c mice were used as the normal group. The mice of the chemotherapy group and the chemotherapy + EA group received intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU solution （50 mg/kg， 0.01 mL/g）， once daily for 5 days. For mice of the chemotherapy + EA group， EA （2 Hz， 1—2 mA） was applied to bilateral ST36 for 5 min immediately after chemotherapy. During the experiment， the mouse daily Disease Activity Index （DAI） score， was determined for assessing the disease severity. The tumor volume was measured once daily. At the end of the experiment， the mice were sacrificed to measure the tumor mass and colonic length. Histopathological changes of the colon tissue were observed after H.E. staining. The serum contents of diamine oxidase （DAO） and D-lactate （D-LA） were detected using ELISA for assessing the extent of colonic intestinal damage. The immunoactivity of colonic AQP8 was detected using immunohistochemistry， the immunofluorescence intensity of colonic NF-κB was detected using immunofluorescence staining for assessing the nuclear translocation status， and the expression levels of colonic NF-κB and AQP8 proteins were detected using Western blot.ResultsCompared with the normal group， the tumor-bearing model group hand no significant changes in the DAI score， contents of serum DAO and D-LA， immunoactivity， immunofluorescence intensity and protein expression levels of colonic NF-κB and AQP8 proteins. In comparison with the tumor-bearing model group， the DAI score in chemotherapy group， and serum DAO and D-LA contents， nuclear translocation and protein expression levels of NF-κB in the chemotherapy group were considerably increased （P<0.05）， while the colonic length， tumor volume， tumor mass， and the immunoactivity level of AQP8 were strikingly decreased （P<0.05）. Comparison between the chemotherapy and chemotherapy+EA groups showed that the DAI score， serum DAO and D-LA contents， nuclear translocation and protein expression levels of NF-κB in the chemotherapy + EA group were significantly lower than those in the chemotherapy group （P<0.05）， while the immunoactivity level of AQP8 in the chemotherapy+EA group were notably higher than those in the chemotherapy group （P<0.05）， and no significant differences were found between the chemotherapy and chemotherapy+EA groups in the levels of colonic length， tumor volume and mass. H.E. staining showed that the colonic tissue structure in the tumor-bearing group had no abnormal changes， and that in the chemotherapy group displayed pathological injury， including shortening and thickening of intestinal villi， destruction of glandular structure， increased shedding of goblet cells， infiltration of inflammatory cells， and enlargement of cell nuclei. Compared with the chemotherapy group， the colonic structure in the chemotherapy + EA group was improved， including increase in the villi length， and reduction in the disordered arrangement of the tissue cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells.ConclusionEA of ST36 can mitigate intestinal mucosal damage to maintain intestinal barrier function in mice with transplanted CRC， which may be related with its functions in inhibiting the excessive activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway， up-regulating the expression levels of AQP8 protein， and reducing DAO and D-LA release.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at u201CZusanliu201D (ST36) on colonic mucosa injury, expressions of nuclear factor u03BAB (NF-u03BAB), and Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice with transplanted colorectal cancer (CRC), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of colonic mucosal injury. Methods A colorectal cancer cell strain CT26 was subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice to establish an animal model of transplanted CRC. When the tumor grew to 100u2014300 mm3, the mice were randomly divided into the tumor-bearing model, chemotherapy, and chemotherapy+EA groups, with 6 mice in each group. Another 6 normal BALB/c mice were used as the normal group. The mice of the chemotherapy group and the chemotherapy+EA group received intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU solution (50 mg/kg, 0.01 mL/g), once daily for 5 d. For mice of the chemotherapy + EA group, EA (2 Hz, 1u20142 mA) was applied to bilateral ST36 for 5 min immediately after chemotherapy. During the experiment, the mouse daily Disease Activity Index (DAI) score was determined for assessing the disease severity. The tumor volume was measured once daily. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to measure the tumor weight and colonic length. Histopathological changes of the colon tissue were observed after H.E. staining. The serum contents of diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate (D-LA) were detected using ELISA. The immunoactivity of colonic AQP8 was detected using immunohistochemistry, the immunofluorescence intensity of colonic NF-u03BAB was detected using immunofluorescence staining for assessing the nuclear translocation status, and the protein expression levels of colonic NF-u03BAB and AQP8 were detected using Western blot. Results Compared with the normal group, the tumor-bearing model group had no significant changes in the DAI score, contents of serum DAO and D-LA, immunoactivity, immunofluorescence intensity and protein expression levels of colonic NF-u03BAB and AQP8. In comparison with the tumor-bearing model group, the DAI score in chemotherapy group, and serum DAO and D-LA contents, nuclear translocation and protein expression levels of NF-u03BAB in the chemotherapy group were considerably increased (Pu0026lt;0.05), while the colonic length, tumor volume, tumor weight, and the immunoactivity level of AQP8 were strikingly decreased (Pu0026lt;0.05). Comparison between the chemotherapy and chemotherapy+EA groups showed that the DAI score, serum DAO and D-LA contents, nuclear translocation and protein expression levels of NF-u03BAB in the chemotherapy+EA group were significantly lower than those in the chemotherapy group (Pu0026lt;0.05), while the immunoactivity level of AQP8 in the chemotherapy+EA group was notably higher than that in the chemotherapy group (Pu0026lt;0.05), and no significant differences were found between the chemotherapy and chemotherapy+EA groups in the levels of colonic length, tumor volume and mass. H. E. staining showed that the colonic tissue structure in the tumor-bearing group had no abnormal changes, and that in the chemotherapy group displayed pathological injury, including shortening and thickening of intestinal villi, destruction of glandular structure, increased shedding of goblet cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and enlargement of cell nuclei. Compared with the chemotherapy group, the colonic structure in the chemotherapy+EA group was improved, including increase in the villi length, and reduction in the disordered arrangement of the tissue cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusion EA of ST36 can mitigate intestinal mucosal damage to maintain intestinal barrier function in 5-FU-treated mice with transplanted CRC, which may be related with its functions in inhibiting the excessive activation of the NF-u03BAB signaling pathway, up-regulating the expression levels of AQP8 protein, and reducing DAO and D-LA release.

OBJECTIVES:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST36) on colonic mucosa injury, expressions of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice with transplanted colorectal cancer (CRC), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of colonic mucosal injury. METHODS:A colorectal cancer cell strain CT26 was subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice to establish an animal model of transplanted CRC. When the tumor grew to 100-300 mm3, the mice were randomly divided into the tumor-bearing model, chemotherapy, and chemotherapy+EA groups, with 6 mice in each group. Another 6 normal BALB/c mice were used as the normal group. The mice of the chemotherapy group and the chemotherapy+EA group received intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU solution (50 mg/kg, 0.01 mL/g), once daily for 5 d. For mice of the chemotherapy + EA group, EA (2 Hz, 1-2 mA) was applied to bilateral ST36 for 5 min immediately after chemotherapy. During the experiment, the mouse daily Disease Activity Index (DAI) score was determined for assessing the disease severity. The tumor volume was measured once daily. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to measure the tumor weight and colonic length. Histopathological changes of the colon tissue were observed after H.E. staining. The serum contents of diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate (D-LA) were detected using ELISA. The immunoactivity of colonic AQP8 was detected using immunohistochemistry, the immunofluorescence intensity of colonic NF-κB was detected using immunofluorescence staining for assessing the nuclear translocation status, and the protein expression levels of colonic NF-κB and AQP8 were detected using Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the normal group, the tumor-bearing model group had no significant changes in the DAI score, contents of serum DAO and D-LA, immunoactivity, immunofluorescence intensity and protein expression levels of colonic NF-κB and AQP8. In comparison with the tumor-bearing model group, the DAI score in chemotherapy group, and serum DAO and D-LA contents, nuclear translocation and protein expression levels of NF-κB in the chemotherapy group were considerably increased (P<0.05), while the colonic length, tumor volume, tumor weight, and the immunoactivity level of AQP8 were strikingly decreased (P<0.05). Comparison between the chemotherapy and chemotherapy+EA groups showed that the DAI score, serum DAO and D-LA contents, nuclear translocation and protein expression levels of NF-κB in the chemotherapy+EA group were significantly lower than those in the chemotherapy group (P<0.05), while the immunoactivity level of AQP8 in the chemotherapy+EA group was notably higher than that in the chemotherapy group (P<0.05), and no significant differences were found between the chemotherapy and chemotherapy+EA groups in the levels of colonic length, tumor volume and mass. H.E. staining showed that the colonic tissue structure in the tumor-bearing group had no abnormal changes, and that in the chemotherapy group displayed pathological injury, including shortening and thickening of intestinal villi, destruction of glandular structure, increased shedding of goblet cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and enlargement of cell nuclei. Compared with the chemotherapy group, the colonic structure in the chemotherapy+EA group was improved, including increase in the villi length, and reduction in the disordered arrangement of the tissue cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS:EA of ST36 can mitigate intestinal mucosal damage to maintain intestinal barrier function in 5-FU-treated mice with transplanted CRC, which may be related with its functions in inhibiting the excessive activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, up-regulating the expression levels of AQP8 protein, and reducing DAO and D-LA release.

目的 从针刺长强穴对脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)大鼠大脑皮层和海马区NF-κB、NLRP3和Caspase-1蛋白表达及血清炎症因子水平的影响角度探讨其改善脑瘫大鼠运动和学习记忆功能的作用机制.方法 采用改良Rice-Vannucci法制备大鼠脑瘫模型,造模成功后将18只7日龄新生SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为模型组、非穴组和长强组各6只,另挑选12只7日龄新生SD大鼠分为空白组和假手术组各6只.空白组不予任何处理,假手术组仅单纯分离其左侧颈总动脉,不进行结扎和剪断血管.造模后第1天开始,长强组针刺长强穴,非穴组取针刺"非穴"固定点(髂嵴上约15 mm和后正中线旁开约20 mm的交叉点),均不留针,连续干预5 d为1个疗程,疗程间休息2 d,共治疗2个疗程;空白组、假手术组和模型组均不予干预.干预后比较5组悬吊时间、斜坡时间、Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期与穿越平台次数;采用ELISA法检测5组大鼠血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;免疫组织化学法检测5组大鼠大脑皮层和海马CA1区核因子-κB(NF-κB)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域3(NLRP3)和半胱氨酸蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)蛋白表达水平.结果 干预后与空白组比较,假手术组悬吊时间、斜坡时间、Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期与穿越平台次数,血清IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α含量,大脑皮层和海马CA1区NF-κB、NLRP3和Caspase-1蛋白表达水平差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);干预后与空白组比较,模型组与非穴组斜坡时间、Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期时间均明显增加,悬吊时间、穿越平台次数均明显减少,血清IL-6和TNF-α含量均升高,IL-10含量均降低,大脑皮层和海马CA1区NF-κB、NLRP3和Cas-pase-1蛋白表达水平均明显上升(P＜0.05或0.01);干预后与模型组和非穴组比较,长强组斜坡时间、Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期时间均明显减少,悬吊时间、穿越平台次数明显增加,血清IL-6、TNF-α含量均降低,IL-10含量均升高,大脑皮层和海马CA1区NF-κB、NLRP3和Caspase-1蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P＜0.05或0.01).结论针刺长强穴可能通过调控脑瘫大鼠大脑皮层和海马CA1区NF-κB、NLRP3和Caspase-1蛋白表达及血清IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α含量以减轻炎症反应,从而改善脑瘫大鼠的运动和学习记忆功能.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli (ST36)" on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced renal injury in colorectal cancer-bearing mice, and to further investigate its effects on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and cell apoptosis in mouse renal tissue.Methods: Thirty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups of seven mice each, namely the control, CT26, 5-FU, sham point (SP), and ST36 (which received EA at the "ST36") groups. With the exception of the control group, each group was subjected to establishment of a subcutaneous implantation tumor model using the murine CT26 colorectal cancer cell line. Once the models were successfully established, the 5-FU, SP, and ST36 groups received 5-FU injection solution intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/mL once every three days over a 21-day period. Mice in the SP and ST36 groups additionally received an EA intervention after each intraperitoneal 5-FU injection. EA were performed on mice of the SP group at bilateral sham acupoints and on mice of the ST36 group at the bilateral "ST36" using the continuous wave mode at a frequency of 2 Hz for a duration of 5 min, intervention was administered once every two days for a duration of 21 days. Samples were collected from the mice at the end of the experiment. The pathological morphology of the renal tissue was observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; the contents of creatine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured using biochemical assays; the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit (NF KB p65) were measured by immunofluorescence; the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in serum were measured by ELISA; cell apoptosis in renal tissue was detected using the TUNEL assay; and the expression levels of the anti-B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2associated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cytochrome C (cyt c) in renal tissue were measured by Western blotting.Results: Compared with the control group, mice of the CT26 group showed a significant increase in serum Cre content ( P < 0.01), but the difference in BUN content was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). HE staining of renal tissue revealed clear structures with normal glomerular and renal tubular morphology. SOD activity was decreased ( P < 0.01); MDA content was increased, but the increase was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Differences in NF KB p65 protein expression in the cytoplasm of renal tissue and serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Results of immunofluorescent TUNEL staining indicated an absence of significant cell apoptosis. In the renal tissue, Bcl-2 protein expression was slightly increased ( P < 0.05), and the expression levels of Bax ( P < 0.01), cleaved caspase-3 ( P > 0.05), cleaved caspase-9 ( P < 0.01), and cyt c ( P > 0.05) were increased. Compared with the CT26 group, mice of the 5-FU group exhibited an increase in Cre ( P < 0.01) and BUN ( P < 0.05) content. HE staining of renal tissue revealed the presence of glomerular atrophy and dilated Bowman's capsular spaces. SOD activity was significantly decreased ( P < 0.01), while the increase of MDA content was not significant ( P > 0.05). The expression of NF-kappa B p65 in the nucleus and serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta levels showed significant increases ( P < 0. 05). The cell apoptosis level was significantly increased. The protein expression of Bcl-2 ( P < 0.05), Bax ( P < 0.01), cleaved caspase-9 ( P < 0.01), and cyt c ( P < 0.05) was significantly increased. Compared with the 5-FU group, the ST36 group showed decreased serum Cre and BUN levels (both P < 0.01). HE staining of renal tissue showed less renal tissue injury and less dilation of renal capsular cavities. SOD activity was significantly higher ( P < 0.01), while MDA content was lower ( P < 0.05). Nuclear expression of NF-kappa B p65 and serum TNF-alpha ( P < 0.05), IL-6 ( P < 0.05), and IL-1 beta ( P < 0.01) levels were lower. The cell apoptosis level was decreased relative to the 5-FU group. Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly increased ( P < 0.01), while the protein expression levels of Bax ( P < 0.01), cleaved caspase-3 ( P < 0.01), cleaved caspase-9 ( P < 0.01), and cyt c ( P < 0.05) also were reduced.Conclusion: EA at "ST36" attenuated 5-FU-induced renal injury in colorectal cancer-bearing mice. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of renal oxidative stress, alleviation of inflammatory responses, and inhibition of cell apoptosis.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of World Journal of Acupuncture Moxibustion House.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at"Zusanli"(ST36)on intestinal mu-cosal damage,intestinal mucosal oxidative stress injury and apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouraeil(5-FU)chemotherapy in colorectal cancer-bearing mice.Methods Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control,colorectal cancer(CT26),5-FU,non-acupoint and ST36 groups,with 6 mice in each group.Except for those of the nor-mal control group,mice of the remaining 4 groups received subcutaneous implantation of colorectal CT26 cell suspen-sion(0.1 mL)in the right armpit for establishing colorectal cancer model.Rats of the 5-FU group,non-acupoint group and ST36 group were given with 5 mg/mL 5-FU solution once every 3 days for a total of 21 days.For mice of the non-acupoint group and ST36 group,EA(2 Hz,1-2 mA)was applied to bilateral ST36 or non-acupoints(the bilateral sunken spots about 3 mm to the midpoint between the tail root and the anus)for 5 min after each intraperitoneal infu-sion of 5-FU,once every 3 days,for a total of 21 days.After the intervention,the diarrhea index was assessed.The length of colon(from the endpoint of cecum to the anal orifice)was measured.Histopathological changes of colonic mu-cosa were observed by H.E.staining,and the length of colonic villi was measured.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA),and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)of colonic tissue were de-tected by thibabituric acid,xanthine oxidase and colorimetric method,respectively.The rate of cell apoptosis in the co-lonic tissue was measured by TUNEL assay.The positive expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in colonic tissue were deter-mined by immunohistochemistry.Results The CT26 model group didn't show any significant changes in the diarrhea index,colon length,colon villus length,MDA content,SOD and GSH-Px activities,colonic cell apoptosis rate,and Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels when compared with the normal group.Compared with the CT26 group,the 5-FU group had a remarkable increase in the diarrhea index,MDA content,colonic cell apoptosis rate and Bax expression level(P<0.01,P<0.05),and a marked decrease in the colon length,colon villus length,SOD and GSH-Px activities and Bcl-2 expression level(P<0.01),suggesting the side effects of administration of 5-FU.Compared with the 5-FU group,the diarrhea index,MDA content,colonic cell apoptosis rate and Bax expression level were markedly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01)and those of the colon length,colon villus length,SOD and GSH-Px activities and Bcl-2 expression level were obviously increased(P<0.01)in the ST36 group.Compared with the 5-FU group,the non-acupoint group also had an increase in the colon villus length,SOD and GSH-Px activities(P<0.01,P<0.05)and a decrease in the cell apoptosis rate(P<0.01).Conclusion EA at ST36 has a positive effect in reducing intestinal mucosal damage induced by 5-FU chemotherapy in cancer-bearing mice,which may be related to its function in relieving oxidative stress injury and inhibiting apoptosis of colonic tissue.

中医理论认为自闭症病位主要在脑,与督脉关系密切,现代医学研究认为自闭症可能与脑结构发育异常有关.课题组创立通督开窍针法,能振奋经气,通调督脉,通经活络,补脑益髓.通督开窍针法取穴包括神庭、百会、四神聪、脑户、长强,共8针.其中头部穴位行平补平泻法,四神聪向百会透刺,视患儿情况留针1～3 h,其间每20 min行针1次;头针出针后,取长强穴,进针提插约1 min后立即出针.文中就自闭症与脑、督脉的联系,通督开窍针法的选穴依据及操作应用等方面展开论述,对通督开窍针法治疗自闭症的可行性进行探析,以期为自闭症的治疗提供新方法.

Objective: This study aimed to observe the inhibitory effects of xiaochaihu decoction (XCHD) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (Bel-7402/5-FU) in vitro and in vivo and investigate its possible mechanisms. Methods: Bel-7402 ​cells and their resistant cells to 5-FU (Bel-7402/5-FU) were cultured, and a xenograft was established in nude mice. MTT assays were used to detect the cell viability after XCHD treatment, and an inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the morphology and flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to determine XCHD-induced apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect Bax and Bcl-2 expressions. Cyto-ID staining was used to assess XCHD-induced autophagy, and the autophagy-related protein (LC3, p62, and beclin) was determined. Finally, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was detected. Results: Bel-7402/5-FU cells were more resistant to 5-FU compared with Bel-7402 ​cells (P ​< ​0.05), thus XCHD could inhibit the viability of Bel-7402/5-FU cells. Further, XCHD promoted Bel-7402/5-FU cell apoptosis via inducing Bax expression and deducing Bcl-2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, XCHD promoted autophagy of Bel-7402/5-FU cells by regulating related protein expression. Finally, XCHD blocked the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusion: XCHD induces Bel-7402/5-FU cell apoptosis and autophagy via blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which is one of the important mechanisms by which XCHD reverses the multidrug resistance of HCC.

营卫由中焦脾胃化生,与肢体功能关系密切.营卫是气血功能的体现,气血的正常运行是营卫调和的关键,气血不足或气血运行不畅皆可使营卫失调而致痿证.阳明经多气多血,气血生于中焦脾胃,而营卫从中焦生成后循行于经络之中,气血充足则营卫养护之力强,从阳明经调节营卫,可使营卫协调而气血调和.治疗上,主取阳明经腧穴,予补气或行气针法,通过补养营卫或调营通卫,从而达到治痿效果.

"人中除脊膂之强痛"意为人中穴可治疗脊骨僵硬疼痛.由于骤然受力、闪跌、持重不当等原因,可致"脊膂"局部经气受损,造成筋脉拘急,气血运行滞涩,从而导致"脊膂强痛".人中穴为督脉、阳明经等脉的交会之穴,气血充盈,且与心、脑、神关系密切,针刺人中穴能调节督脉经气,使局部筋脉舒展,气血运行顺畅,从而达舒筋利脊、行气活血之效,同时亦可调节心、脑功能,进而安神定志以止痛.临床上针刺人中穴治疗"脊膂强痛"以泻法为主,以"雀啄"为基本操作,手法力求大力度、大幅度、慢速度、时间长度大于30 s,刺激量以针刺时患者流泪或眼球湿润为度,可配合其他针刺手法,如雀啄式、捣刺式,亦可配合推拿手法、运动疗法、筋针疗法等,使其起效灵验且迅速.现代研究表明:针刺人中穴可激活相应的脑功能区,使高级中枢神经系统参与镇痛机制,并提高5-羟色胺、β-内啡肽、脑啡肽含量,抑制疼痛感觉传递,从而达到镇痛解痉的效果.

火龙灸是延循人体经脉进行的一种大面积的隔物灸法,多选取督脉和膀胱经进行施灸,具有通、调、温、补的作用,对脏腑之虚、寒、湿性质的疾病有着显著疗效.后世医家将火龙灸拓展至任脉,临床观察发现其对妇科及阴脉阴阳失调等疾病亦有良好疗效.而尽管火龙灸能治疗虚证,但对于阴虚患者的治疗仍需谨慎,虽目前不少医家对火龙灸进行了改良,但其能否用于阴虚病证和热病治疗,仍有待探讨.

不寐总由阳不入阴,阴阳失交而导致,卫气昼行于阳、夜行于阴的运行规律调控着人体睡眠节律,使其顺应自然界的昼夜变化,若卫气运行通道不畅或卫气亏虚可使睡眠功能异常.卫气出入阴阳的关键通道为跷脉,跷脉的循行连目入脑,具有司双目开阖、调控睡眠的作用.若跷脉畅通则卫气正常出入阴阳以司睡眠,若跷脉阻塞则卫气滞留不得入阴导致不寐.通过选取跷脉经气所发之处的"照海""申脉"及经气所归之处的"睛明""风池",并配合"泻阳补阴"的针刺方法,可促使卫气正常出入及跷脉功能恢复正常,使阴阳相交,从而达到治疗不寐的目的.

脑瘫是儿童神经系统的难治性疾病之一,其病因复杂,发病机制尚不明确,目前越来越多的研究显示,炎性因子参与脑瘫的病理过程,其介导的免疫反应是脑瘫发病机理中的基本原因之一.白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素 10(interleukin-10,IL-10)及肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)是炎症介质网络的主要分子,在脑瘫的发病过程中发挥重要的炎性作用,三者的水平可以体现体内炎症的程度和变化趋势,可能是调控炎性因子作用于脑瘫病理过程的机制核心.针刺治疗脑瘫的疗效确切,可通过降低TNF-α和IL-6这些促炎因子的含量抑制免疫炎症反应,促进脑瘫患者脑功能恢复,对脑瘫起到正向的治疗作用.文章旨在前人研究的基础上,综述炎性因子与脑瘫的关系及针刺干预研究现状,为进一步研究针刺治疗脑瘫的机制提供参考依据.

探讨"胃病"导致不寐的致病机理,认为胃腑气机不畅可影响跷脉气机,使跷脉不得发挥调控睡眠的作用;胃气不得通降使卫阳不得进入阴经,营卫不得相交导致失眠;胃气不和导致脾胃运化功能失常,则营卫化生不足,运行滞涩,不得按时出入阴阳造成不寐.中医疗法包括中药、针灸、推拿等通过疏通胃腑之气,治疗"胃病"可有效治疗不寐症,也证实了"胃病"可影响不寐症的产生.现代研究显示:中枢神经系统和消化系统之间存在着通过交感、迷走等神经进行传递信号的"脑-肠轴"双向通路,消化系统产生的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和谷氨酸(Glu)可影响中枢神经系统GABA和Glu的分泌,从而影响睡眠.

自闭症是儿童神经系统的难治性疾病之一,其三大核心症状为语言交流障碍、社交障碍和行为异常,常见伴随症状有遗尿、睡眠障碍、不良饮食习惯、脾胃功能紊乱等[1].现代医学认为自闭症是一种脑功能障碍的表现.《灵枢·脉度》曰:"五脏常内阅于上七窍也,五脏不和则七窍不通."中医认为其属于"无慧""语迟""胎弱"等范畴,其病位在脑,与心、肝、肾密切相关[2].自闭症的病因病机有先天禀赋不足、肾精亏虚、心失所养、肝失疏泄和阴阳失调等,其证型可分为心肝火旺、痰蒙心窍、肾精亏虚、肝郁气滞[3],其中肝郁气滞型与心肝火旺型最常见,约占65％,表明自闭症与肝关系密切[4].笔者发现针刺治疗自闭症从肝论治具有较好的临床疗效,现将其机理浅析如下.

自闭症是儿童神经系统的难治性疾病之一.针灸治疗自闭症具有一定疗效,但机制仍不明确.近年来研究显示,肠道菌群与自闭症的发生有着密切关系,针灸调理肠道菌群具有一定效果.在中医基础理论和现代医学理论的支持下,针灸通过调控肠道菌群治疗自闭症有可行性.肠道菌群的调控有可能成为针灸治疗儿童自闭症的重要靶点.本文基于肠道菌群理论对针灸调控肠道菌群治疗自闭症展开初步探讨,以期为针灸治疗儿童自闭症提供思路.

留针时间应根据疾病的性质、部位、正邪的盛衰、针刺手法以及患者的体质、年龄等原因而灵活应用.目前,临床上针刺治疗脑瘫的最佳留针时间没有一个准确的答案,影响了临床的规范和可操性.古代文献中的记载,最早是得气后而不留针,即"凡刺之道,气调而止",目前,临床所有疾病是否都留针的必然性需要进一步验证.由于脑瘫患儿群体的特殊性,在接受治疗时患儿不能积极配合医生,留针具有一定危险性.穴位的选择、手法的轻重以及留针时间要根据脑瘫患儿接受针刺治疗的程度和临床症状的改变而随之动态调整.在今后的研究中应依据针刺的时效关系和时间节点,设计出更加科学严谨的方案,探索针刺治疗脑瘫的最适宜留针时间,以此来提高治疗小儿脑瘫的临床疗效,规范针刺治疗脑瘫技术.

长强穴在临床中的应用较少涉及腧穴的远治作用,以近治作用为主,常用于治疗局部疾病.文章从长强穴概述临床应用以及针刺长强穴治疗脑瘫的中西医机制等方面进行阐述,探讨针刺长强穴治疗脑瘫的可行性,从而体现长强穴的循经远治作用.

目的 观察针刺长强穴对脑瘫患者睡眠情况的影响.方法 将40例脑瘫患者随机分为针刺组(20例)和对照组(20例),两组均采用康复训练作为基础治疗,针刺组增加针刺长强穴治疗.治疗前后分别进行儿童睡眠问卷(CHSQ)评估,观察针刺长强穴对脑瘫患者睡眠情况的影响.结果 针刺组治疗后的睡眠时间抵触、入睡潜伏期、睡眠焦虑、夜醒、异态睡眠、总分较治疗前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);对照组治疗后的睡眠抵触与总分较治疗前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).针刺组总有效率(90.0％)明显高于对照组(60.0％),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 针刺长强穴可以改善脑瘫患者的睡眠情况.

Objective:To explore the effects of electro-acupuncture at Changqiang acupoint on the BDNF protein expression in hippocampal CA3 region in rats with autism.Methods:Autism rat model was made by intraperitoneal injection of pregnant rats with valproate sodium (VPA).A total of 24 autism rats were divided into model group, Changqiang group and non-acupoint group, with 8 rats in each group;8 normal litter mate rat were used as blank group. The Changqiang group acupuncture Changqiang point 0.3 inch, using 0.5 inch homemade bipolar conjoined needle, electro-acupuncture 20 min,20 days a course of treatment; The non-acupoint group adopts the same method as the Changqiang group except the acupoints are different; The blank group and model group were kept under the same condition. Rats were weighed at different time points after birth (PN7,PN14,PN23 and PN34),using Morris water maze to evaluate learning and memory ability of rats, and using immunohistochemical to evaluate BDNF protein expression in hippocampal CA3 area of rats.Results:1. Weight: At PN34, weight of Changqiang group was higher than the model group (P<0.05); there was no statistical difference between non-acupoint group and model group (P>0.05).2. Morris sater maze: Compared with the blank group, average latency time of the model group was significantly prolonged, quadrant swimming time/total time of the original platform decreased significantly, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, average latency time was significantly shortened, quadrant swimming time/total time of the platform increased significantly, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), the average latency time of the non-acupoint group was significantly shortened, quadrant swimming time/total time of the platform increased significantly, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). 3. Immunohistochemistry: Compared with the blank group, the mean gray value of BDNF protein in model group increased significantly, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, the mean gray value of BDNF protein in Changqiang group decreased, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05), the mean gray value of BDNF protein in non-acupoint group decreased, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusion:Electro-acupuncture at Changqiang acupoint can increase the expression of BDNF protein in the hippocampus CA3 region of autistic rats, and improving the growth, development and learning and memory abilities of autistic rats.