本试验旨在应用腹腔镜外科手术技术完成犬肾脏切除术,并从手术对犬循环和呼吸系统机能的影响来全面、客观评价手术安全性.通过麻醉犬的腹侧壁建立3个腹腔镜套管手术通路,在腹腔镜的监视下,完全暴露、分离和结扎肾动脉、肾静脉和输尿管,并剪断,将游离的肾脏装入标本袋后,通过扩太的套管口将肾脏拿出腹腔,完成腹腔镜犬肾脏切除术.在整个手术过程中监测犬的循环和呼吸系统;记录术中和术后并发症,以及术后犬的恢复情况.术后所有犬全部存活,术中和术后没有发生较大的并发症.术后犬疼痛反应轻,饮食欲在1～2 d基本恢复.腹腔镜犬肾脏切除术对犬的循环和呼吸系统功能影响轻微,所有犬都能正常耐受,是一项有效、安全的技术.

为了探讨犬腹腔镜肾脏切除术对犬生理功能的影响,促进犬腹腔镜肾脏切除术在兽医临床实践中的应用.试验在手术过程中应用呼吸监护仪和重症监护仪监测犬循环和呼吸系统生理指标:术后抽取静脉血,检测天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cr)水平;综合评价犬腹腔镜肾脏切除术对犬生理功能的影响.结果表明:试验中收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(SDP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、呼吸末二氧化碳(PetCO2)逐渐降低,但在手术结束后基本恢复正常水平,与术前相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);犬腹腔镜肾脏切除术对动物肝脏功能和肾脏功能也有一定影响,但很快就恢复到正常水平,术后第7天各检测指标与术前相比差异不显著(P＞0.05).说明犬腹腔镜肾脏切除术对犬机体生理功能有一定影响,但都在犬可耐受范围内,可以安全地在兽医临床实践中应用.

Eight healthy mature dogs were selected to study the effects of laparoscopic segmental liver resection on hepatic and renal function.The results showed that the aspartate aminotransferase,the alanine aminotransferase and the alkaline phosphatase were the highest at 1 day postoperation;the uric acid,the blood urea nitraogen and the creatinine were the highest at 4 hours postoperation;the albumin and the total protein decreased slightly and were the lowest at 1 day postoperation;the γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase had no larger changes,indicating that laparoscopic segmental liver resection had a certain influence on the hepatic and renal function of dogs in the short term,which could be quickly recovered in the postoperation.

The objective of this study was to describe laparoscopic-assisted colopexy (LAC) technique, and compare the extent of the surgical trauma after LAC and open colopexy (OC) by examing postoperative serum values of C-reactive protein (CRP) in dogs. Twelve healthy mixed-breed dogs with body weight ranging from 15 to 25 kg were used. Two portal sites were used for LAC procedures. OC was performed by laparotomy on linea alba. Colopexy was accomplished in all dogs without major intraoperative and postoperative complications. A permanent adhesion between the colon and abdominal wall was observed. There were statistically significant differences in serum CRP levels between LAC and OC immediately after the procedure and 1 d post operation. LAC had a similar pexy effect to OC, but had fewer surgical trauma than OC in dogs.

<正>肝部分切除术主要用于治疗良性肿瘤、部分恶性肿瘤、肝脓肿、肝棘球蚴或肝外伤等。由于肝脏解剖及生理特点的特殊性,传统开腹肝部分切除术对机体影响较大。与传统开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术具有手术视野清晰、出血量少、恢复快、疼痛反应轻等优点。Reich等[1]于1991年首次成功施行了腹

Investigate the effect of laparoseopic surgery on the change of hepatic and renal function of dogs,and explore their possible mechanism.Twelve healthy mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups: Laparoscopic repair of diaphragmatic rupture through thoracic path in dogs(LDT) and Laparoscopic repair of diaphragmatic rupture through celiac path in dogs(LDC).The venous blood samples were obtained at the time of the preoperative day and immediately,1,3,5,7 d after operations.The results showed that alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline pho-sphatase(ALP),creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in group LDT and LDC were significantly increased after operation.These changes occurred in each group that had demonstrated remarkable difference before and after the operation(P0.05).The degree in the changes of ALT between LDC and LDT was significant(P0.01) on immediately and 3 d after operations.The differences between LDT and LDC also show significance(P0.01) on immediately and 1,3 d after operations.In the mean time,changes of ALP,Cr and BUN before or after surgery in both groups showed no significant difference(P0.05).Transient elevation of serum liver and renal enzymes can step-up after LDT and LDC on short term.Compared with LDT,the degree in the changes of ALT and AST in LDC was more significant.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on heart rate(HR), systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP). Six dogs whose, average weight was 18 kg, were randomly divided into four groups with different pneumo-peritoneum pressure and observed the change of circulation system. The results showed that the HR, SBP and DBP of E group changed most markedly than B group(P0.01). 1.33 kPa was the best pneumoperi-toneum pressure. The pneumoperitoneum pressure was set 1.33 kPa while insufflating and exposed extensive surgery eyesight and the damage of CO2 to body was diminished.

OBJECTIVE:To describe a laparoscopic technique for percutaneous tube cystostomy in dogs.DESIGN:Prospective cohort study.ANIMALS:8 healthy mixed-breed dogs.PROCEDURES:A laparoscope portal and 2 instrumental portals were created in the abdomen of anesthetized dogs that were in dorsal recumbency. Intracorporeal suturing was performed to place 2 simple interrupted sutures between the ventral body wall and urinary bladder. A purse-string suture was placed in the urinary bladder wall approximately 1 cm cranial to the 2 simple interrupted sutures. A stab incision was made into the urinary bladder in the middle of the purse-string suture; an 8F Foley catheter was inserted through the stab incision and into the urinary bladder. Two other sutures were placed between the ventral body wall and bladder 1 cm cranial to the Foley catheter to create a cystopexy. The Foley catheter was secured to the skin with a finger-trap suture and was attached to a closed urine collection bag. All dogs underwent follow-up laparoscopy 1 month later.RESULTS:Median time for laparoscopic percutaneous tube cystostomy was 85 minutes (range, 72 to 103 minutes); there were no major intraoperative or postoperative complications. On follow-up laparoscopy, focal fibrous adhesions between the ventral body wall and bladder were observed in all dogs and omentum attached to the cystopexy site was observed in 2 dogs.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:In this study, a laparoscopic percutaneous tube cystostomy was accomplished in healthy dogs by use of a 3-portal technique and appeared to be an effective and safe procedure.

1987年世界上首例腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功标志着微创外科时代的到来.Dalaitre B和Maig-nien B[1]于1991年报道了世界上首例腹腔镜脾切除术.国内腹腔镜技术在动物领域中的应用还仅仅局限于繁殖领域,2007年, 张建涛等[2]首次用腹腔镜进行了山羊的脾脏摘除术,而将腹腔镜用于犬的相关基础研究或手术,尚未见到报道.

1979年德国Frimberger第一个在猪身上完成了腹腔镜胆囊切除术[1].1987年世界上首例腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功标志着微创外科时代的到来.

This research was conducted to explore the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy on the operation time,incision length,immunity and stress index.The results showed that each index of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was better than that of open cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE:To report laparoscopic splenectomy in goats.STUDY DESIGN:Experimental study.ANIMALS:Healthy female goats (n=9); aged, 10-18 months; weighing, 22-30 kg.METHODS:Food was withheld for 24 hours and water for 10 hours. Anesthetized right laterally recumbent goats had a laparoscopic portal and 3 instrumental portals created in the left flank. Splenic attachments were dissected with monopolar electrocautery and blunt dissection through 2 instrument portals. Exposure and isolation of splenic vessels was performed with laparoscopic "right-angle" preparation forceps. Vessels were ligated with a medium-titanium clip and 2 silk sutures and then transected between the silk sutures. The detached spleen was manipulated into a specimen retrieval bag, morcellated, and the bag retrieved through an enlarged portal. Repeat laparoscopic examination was performed at 1 month.RESULTS:Laparoscopic splenectomy required 70 minutes (range, 52-88 minutes) and was successful without major intraoperative and postoperative complications. Postoperatively, all goats had signs of mild abdominal discomfort. On repeat laparoscopy, with the exception of 1 goat that had a focal omental adhesion to the enlarged portal site, no other abnormalities were identified.CONCLUSIONS:Laparoscopic splenectomy can be accomplished in goats using 4 portals in the left flank and a combination of monopolar cautery dissection of splenic attachments, ligation of vessels using metal clips and intracorporeal ligatures, and intra-abdominal morcellation of the detached spleen in a specimen retrieval bag.CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Laparoscopic splenectomy is an effective and safe technique in goats.

与传统开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术具有对机体损伤较小、手术视野清晰、术中出血量少、组织粘连少和术后恢复快等微创手术优点,在国外已广泛应用到兽医临床疾病诊疗、畜牧生产及胚胎移植等生产科研领域中,而国内腹腔镜技术在动物上的应用则相对较少,尤其在马上的应用几乎没有报道.目前腹腔镜技术在马上的应用主要包括疾病的诊断、疾病的治疗及繁殖研究方面,本文分别从以上3个方面作一介绍.

舒泰是一种复合麻醉剂,其商品名为"Zoletil"或"Telazol".它是由20世纪60年代末在美国Parke-Davis实验室研制成功的.舒泰是由替来他明(tiletamine)与唑拉西泮(zolazepam)按1∶1混合而成[1].替来他明是一种分离麻醉剂,作用持久,具有良好的止痛作用;唑拉西泮是一种苯二氮卓类的镇静剂,具有良好的肌松和抗惊厥作用,这两种药物在药理学上有互补作用.