汀江妃菊是福建省闽西地区的一种药、茶、观赏、食用兼备的多功能菊花,被广泛应用于医药保健和饮食业及旅游业.为扩大汀江妃菊的生产规模,更好地发挥其经济效益,福建农林大学、福建中医药研究院从选地与整地、繁殖方法、移栽定植、覆膜、中耕除草、施肥、水分管理、摘心、打顶、抹芽、套袋、搭架、病虫害防治、采收加工等方面,研究制定了汀江妃菊规范化栽培技术,现将相关技术要点及注意事项进行总结,以供参考.

Tubeimoside I (TBMS) is a natural compound with antitumor properties. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the function of TBMS in liver cancer has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, TBMS was shown to suppress cell proliferation and induce S phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, TBMS treatment induced autophagy, evidenced by autophagosome accumulation, and increased the mRNA expression of Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I. However, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that TBMS exerted no effect on cell apoptosis. Moreover, TBMS increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby activating the AMPK signaling pathway. A specific AMPK inhibitor, compound C (CC), caused markedly suppressed TBMS-induced accumulation of LC3-II. In addition, the mRNA expression of LC3-I and Beclin 1 was also suppressed in cells treated with TBMS and CC in combination. The results of the present study provide new insights into the role of TBMS in inducing autophagy and support the potential application of TBMS for liver cancer treatment in the clinical setting.

豪猪是我国一种珍贵的野生动物,为解决其人工养殖产仔数少、仔猪成活率低的问题,采用在基础日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂饲养豪猪,研究中草药饲料添加剂对母豪猪的哺乳与繁殖性能的影响.结果 表明,在基础日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂,对母豪猪繁殖性能有较好的促进作用,能显著提高母猪产活仔数,极显著提高母猪泌乳力,这说明在基础日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂是豪猪扩繁和饲养的可行途径.

为了解闽西地区规模化猪场大肠杆菌对临床常见氨基糖苷类药物的敏感性及rmtB耐药基因流行情况,试验对从11个规模化猪场采集的237份猪肛门拭子进行菌株分离与鉴定,采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定分离得到的菌株对氨基糖苷类药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),并通过PCR方法检测rmtB耐药基因流行情况.结果表明:通过分离培养得到230株大肠杆菌,经生化鉴定和16S rRNA分析符合大肠杆菌特征;分离菌株对链霉素的耐药率最高为61.3％ (141/230),阿米卡星耐药率最低为22.2％(51/230),庆大霉素和卡那霉素的耐药率分别为56.1％(129/230)和42.6％ (98/230);PCR检测显示,有36株大肠杆菌携带rmtB耐药基因,检出率为15.7％(36/230).说明闽西地区大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类药物耐药性较为严重,rmtB基因在菌群中流行较广.

为了解加系母猪经过国内饲养管理后,其后代的采食行为和生产性能情况,对其采食行为和饲料转化率进行测定.利用全自动种猪生产性能测定系统(FIRE),对加系杜洛克(5头)、大白(32头)和长白(10头)进行日采食量、日采食次数、每次采食时间、体重、平均日增重和料重比等数据进行测定和分析.结果表明:体重在30～100 kg,日龄在63～158 d范围,杜洛克、大白和长白平均日增重分别是0.99 kg、0.95 kg和0.97 kg;料重比分别是2.34、2.33和2.42.不同品种母猪及个体间的采食行为存在差异,每次采食时间主要分布在3-8 min,日采食次数在7～21次,每次采食时间与日采食次数呈反比.每次采食时间、日采食次数及日采食量对平均日增重和料重比具有一定的影响.

The aim of this research was to master the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance for β-lactam drugs and blaCTX-M-9G resistance gene in Escherichia coli isolated from pig origin in the west of Fujian, and provide guidance for the rational use of antibiotics in the locality. A total of 213 isolates collected from anus swab of diarrhea piglet were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to β-lactam drugs by agar dilution method,and screened for resistance gene by PCR. It was found high resistance to ampicillin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,ceftiofur and cefotaxime,with resistance rates of 46.9％, 44.1％,28.6％ and 23.9％, respectively.17.4％ (37/213) isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-9G resistance gene,among those positive strains,they also were detected the PMQR genes,such as qnrA(5.4％ ),qnrB(37.8％ ), qnrS(73.0％ ),oqxA (70.3％ ),oqxB(75.7％ ) and qepA(18.9％ ),and 83.8％ isolates contained more than three kinds of resistance genes. The mostest prevalence genotypes was blaCTX-M-9G+oqxA+oqxB resistance genes,and its detection rate was 32.4％. Escherichia coli showed a certain resistance to β-lactam drugs in Western Fujian,and the resistance rate of blacCTX-M-9G resistance genes was quite high. A high rates of the PMQR genes were found among bla-CTX-M-9G positive strains.

以废弃茶枝茶叶等栽培灵芝,研究茶栽灵芝的富锗特性,并测定其多糖、三萜和黄酮含量。结果显示灵芝对锗的富集与培养基中无机锗浓度显正相关,高浓度锗会抑制灵芝生长,最适培养基Ge O2浓度在100 mg/Kg200 mg/Kg;富锗茶灵芝的多糖和黄酮含量分别为5.56%和5.01%,明显高于椴木灵芝和普通袋栽灵芝。

It is widely accepted that the mitochondria! DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) gene evolves more quickly than protein-encoding genes, such as ND2 and Cyt b, with few exceptions. However, some species have a different evolution pattern. In the present study, we sequenced the mtDNA CR partial sequences (454 base pairs) of 142 individuals from five sampling sites of Ichthyophis bannanicus and compared the genetic diversity and structure with the information from the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and Cytochrome b (Cyt b) genes within this species. Extremely low genetic diversity was found in the mtDNA CR compared with those of the ND2 and Cyt b genes. These results showed that the relatively mean clock rate of the CR was broadly lower than those of the ND2 (about 2.55 times) and Cyt b (about 3.14 times) genes. Despite the extremely low genetic diversity of CR, the population structure analysis identified two groups, Xishuangbanna and Northern Vietnam-Yulin-Yangchun-Deqing, which indicated that the Red River systems may have acted as gene-flow barriers for I. bannanicus.

为了解华南虎源大肠杆菌的耐药性与致病性情况,采集龙岩梅花山虎园老虎粪便分离大肠杆菌,并对分离株进行药敏试验、动物毒力试验以及毒力基因检测.结果表明,分离株对复方新诺明(100％)、多西环素(75％)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(75％)产生耐药;对庆大霉素的敏感性较好;对头孢呋辛和头孢噻呋敏感性下降.动物毒力试验显示,分离株具有较强的致病性,同时毒力基因aatA的检出率为100％,irp2检出率为75％;papC、iucD、vat和iss检出率均为50％,tsh和cva/ cvi未检出.虎源大肠杆菌对常用药物具有一定的耐药性,同时表现出较强的致病性,其毒力基因的携带率较高.该结果为兽医临床合理用药提供一定的科学依据.

犬黄疸即高胆红素血症,由于胆红素形成过多或排泄障碍,大量胆红素蓄积在体内,使皮肤、黏膜、浆膜及实质器官萱染[1],临床特征表现为尿液浓茶样黄,眼黏膜和口腔黏膜黄染,靠近腹股沟部的腹下部皮肤发黄,严重时全身皮肤发黄.在不同的病因,肝脏发生不同程度的疾病,其生理功能发生一系列的改变.从而严重影响动物的健康[2].本文就临床1例犬肝细胞性黄疸,利用血常规、生化、B超等实验室检查手段,采用中兽医理论进行辨证施治,取得良好效果.现将诊断治疗过程介绍如下.

利用组织蛋白酶K降解I型胶原蛋白的特性,从中草药中筛选出组织蛋白酶K选择性抑制剂以用于人与宠物骨质疏松的治疗.试验使用真核酵母表达的人源组织蛋白酶K,用AKTA蛋白纯化系统进行纯化,获得较纯的组织蛋白酶K,再利用荧光酶标仪测出其酶活性,将酶活力单位定义为37℃每10min释放1nmol/LAMC的酶量为一个活力单位,得出组织蛋白酶的活性为每微克蛋白115.82U;用I型胶原蛋白做为组织蛋白酶K的水解底物,从中药淫羊藿中筛选获得了一个组织蛋白酶K抑制剂成分,即淫羊藿苷.淫羊藿苷可以抑制组织蛋白酶对胶原蛋白的降解,从而达到保护骨质吸收的功效,因此,淫羊藿苷可以用于制备预防和治疗由组织蛋白酶K破坏胶原蛋白引起的骨质疏松、关节炎等疾病的预防和治疗药物.

为了解版纳鱼螈(Ichthyophis bannanicus)胚胎和幼体鳃的退化特征,同窝卵中8枚在胚胎成熟阶段早期被随机取出剖产,随后余下的9枚卵在胚胎成熟阶段晚期时孵出或剖产,观察幼体或胚胎鳃的变化.成熟阶段早期的胚胎,初时其鳃色鲜红,鳃枝充盈,鳃丝与鳃轴近乎垂直;随后鳃色发白,鳃枝疲软,鳃丝卷曲,鳃丝与鳃轴夹角变小.成熟阶段晚期的胚胎和刚孵出的幼体,初时其鳃色纯白,鳃枝疲软,鳃丝卷曲,鳃丝与鳃轴夹角较小;随后鳃逐渐脱落.观察发现,版纳鱼螈胚胎或幼体鳃的退化模式不是重吸收,也不是重吸收加脱落,而仅为脱落.鳃退化过程经历外鳃供血减少-供血停止-鳃枝组织死亡和脱落3个阶段,每个阶段都有明显的外部形态特征.胚胎进入成熟阶段后,越早孵化,鳃枝留存越多,反之,鳃枝留存越少.发白后的鳃枝随机性脱落.

动物生物化学是动物医学专业重要基础课程.为了提高该课程的教学质量,文章从概念,化学结构,反应过程和反应场所等方面举例分析了比较教学法在动物生物化学教学改革中的应用.比较教学法不仅丰富教学形式,增强学生的学习积极性,还培养学生自己独立思考和分析能力,经过多年的实践,收到了良好的效果.

Abstrct:The cultivation technique of bamboo powder Ganoderma lucidum was an fungus planting technology imitating wild condition, which are drawn from bamboo products waste as culture medium to replace wood for producing Ganoderma lucidum. The result showed that effective components of bamboo powder Ganoderma lucidum was very similar to that of pure natural wild Ganoderma lucidum, which also save a lot of forest resources in Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. There was the wide prospects and important significance in cultivation technique of bamboo powder Ganoderma lucidum, which also opened up a new way in development of wild Ganoderma lucidum industry.

The gills of Ichthyophis bannanicus have yet to be investigated. This paper describes the external morphological features of the gills of mature I. bannanicus embryos exhibiting three pairs of gills on their neck region. Each gill is composed of an axis and filaments. In newly released embryos, the filaments and the axis form at approximately 90 degrees relative to each other; eventually, this angle decreases and the color of the gill fades. The filaments on the axis are arranged alternately, and their spacing varies. The mid-pair of gills is significantly longer by nearly twofold than the front and rear pairs. Likewise, the lengths of the front and rear pairs of gills are not significantly different (P >0.05); for the same pair of gills, the lengths of the left and right parts are not significantly different (P >0.05). The number of filaments is greater in the mid-pair of gills than in the front and rear pairs (P <0.05); the number of filaments in the front pair is not significantly different from that of the rear pair (P >0.05); the number of filaments in the left part does not significantly differ from that of the right parts (P >0.05). Results showed that the gills of I. bannanicus embryo are more similar to those of other species in Ichthyophiidae than to those of species in other families.

为了解闽西地区2013年以来猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)流行株的现状、分子生物学特征和遗传演化规律,收集了闽西不同地区的14株PRV分离株,并对其gC基因进行遗传变异分析.结果表明,14株PRV分离株与2012年以来国内不同省份分离的PRV变异株的核苷酸序列同源性为98.8％～99.7％,而与Bartha疫苗株核苷酸序列同源性为93.6％～93.8％.氨基酸多序列比对发现,14株PRV分离株和近年来国内分离的PRV毒株gC基因氨基酸序列同源性较高,有很多相同的特征性氨基酸替换,其中最有特征性的是aa52～aa61,aa63～aa69位和aa186～aa194位氨基酸的替换和插入.遗传进化树分析表明,14株PRV分离株与2012年以来国内不同省份分离的PRV株位于一个相对独立的大分支中,且形成了一个独立的亚分支,而与Bartha疫苗株存在很大差异,亲缘关系较远.抗原表位预测分析表明,PRV闽西分离株与Bartha疫苗株相比发生了抗原漂移,该差异是否预示闽西地区流行株正在向远离疫苗株的方向变异尚有待进一步研究.

In order to study the effect of feed additive with Chinese herbal medicine on Xiangtun piglets,108 newborn Xiangtun piglets were randomly divided into three groups,namely,A,B,and C;36newborn Duroc× Landrace×Large Yorkshire piglets were chosen as the adaptability control group D.Group A was fed Chinese herbal medicine additive,and group B Oxytetracycline preparation.While group C was the blank control and D was the adaptability control.The results showed that Chinese herbal medicine feed additives took a good role in piglets' survival rate,which was 2.78% higher than that of western medicine group with an insignificant difference(P0.05)and 8.34% higher than that of control group with a significant difference(P0.05).As for weight gain,the daily weight gain of group A improved 5.6g compared with group B,which was of insignificant difference(P0.05),and 30.4g compared with of group C with an extreme difference(P0.05).In respect of blood biochemical parameters,the four groups were very close to each other,which proved Chinese herbal medicine was a useful additive with functional genetic stability and adaptability in breeding Xiangtun pigs.

将16头种公猪随机分为试验组和对照组.试验组种公猪每天每头饲喂12.5g中草药添加剂-神农精粉,连用15天.结果表明:饲喂中草药添加剂神农精粉后8-12天、12-15天内精液量、精子密度、精子活力两组间差异极显著(P＜0.01),顶体异常率、精子畸形率两组间差异显著(P＜0,05),停止使用中草药添加剂神农精粉后10天内,精液量、精子密度、精子活力、顶体异常率两组间差异显著(P＜0,05),pH值无明显变化.

香豚猪原是我国少数民族地区珍贵的微型地方猪种,由于其特殊的生存环境和生理特点,限制了其扩繁,本试验研究采用中草药饲料添加剂饲养香豚母猪,结果表明中草药饲料添加剂对香豚母猪繁殖性能有很好的促进作用,与对照组相比,添加中药制剂试验组母猪的采食量增多,与空白对照组差异极显著(P≤0.01);中草药饲料添加剂试验组母猪的泌乳力与空白对照组差异极显著(P≤0.01);中草药饲料添加剂组香豚母猪产活仔数与空白对照组差异显著(P≤0.05),中草药饲料添加剂组与抗生组比空白对照组约提早1.5d发情,差异显著(P≤0.05);创造了很好的经济效益和社会效益.由此可见,因地制宜,采用中草药饲料添加剂对香豚猪扩繁和饲养是一可行性途径.

Seasonal and explosive influenza caused morbidity and mortality and threatens public health and the world economy.Vaccination helped to protect host from influenza virus infection,however,the current vaccine performed poorly against sudden flu outbreaks with unknown identity,causing the development of antiviral drug an urgent task to combat against the influenza viruses that are resistant to the current therapeutic treatment.In-depth study of the influenza virus life cycle and the virus structural protein promoted the progress of the influenza virus drug design.The present paper briefly reviewed the current advances in the research on major targets of anti-influenza drugs for further RD of new drugs.