本试验旨在探讨地克珠利饲用添加剂在肉鸡肝脏和肌肉组织沉积的剂量效应和停药后的消减特点,以及其对主要脏器的组织病理学影响.选取288只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机平均分为4个组,每组6个重复.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组(2组、3组、4组)分别于基础饲粮中添加1、2 mg/(kg·bw)和4 mg/(kg·bw)地克珠利饲用添加剂,试验期49 d.结果显示,胸肌地克珠利含量,停药当天、第3天和第14天时4组显著高于2组和3组(P＜0.05);肝脏地克珠利含量,停药当天和第7天时4组显著高于2组(P＜0.05或0.01),停药第3天和第14天时3组和4组显著高于2组(P＜0.05).随停药时间延长,肝脏和胸肌地克珠利含量下降趋势符合指数函数模型,根据模型预测在胸肌和肝脏中地克珠利含量半衰期分别达52.4～61.1 d和19.9～20.9 d.相关分析显示,胸肌和肝脏地克珠利沉积量与血清淀粉酶和总超氧化物歧化酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关(P＜0.05或0.01),肝脏沉积量与血清总蛋白含量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).各试验组肉鸡肝脏、脾脏和肾脏发生不同程度的组织病理学变化,且随饲粮中地克珠利添加量增加病变加重,停药后7d病变有所减轻.结果表明,地克珠利在鸡体内沉积的剂量效应显著,肝脏沉积量多于胸肌,停药后消减缓慢;肉鸡饲用地克珠利可导致其肝脏、脾脏和肾脏产生不同程度的组织病理学变化.

为了研究抗球虫药物妥曲珠利对肉鸡肝脏、肾脏和脾脏组织学结构的影响,试验选用288只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只,各组饲喂相同基础日粮,试验期24 d.对照组(1组)饮用常规自来水,试验组(2组、3组和4组)仅于8～10日龄期间分别饮用添加了妥曲珠利25 mg/L、50 mg/L和100 mg/L的饮用水,其他时间饮用常规自来水.分别于10日龄(停药当天)、17日龄(停药7天)、24日龄(停药14天),每组屠宰6只鸡(每个重复1只),并取肝脏、肾脏和脾脏,制作组织切片后镜检观察组织结构.结果 表明:对照组各日龄肝脏、肾脏和脾脏组织发育正常,添加妥曲珠利饮水的试验组均有不同程度的组织病理学变化.停药当天,2组、3组和4组肝脏、肾脏和脾脏均出现瘀血或出血现象,且4组出现肝细胞肿胀和炎性细胞浸润、肾小管上皮细胞肿胀脱落以及脾脏炎性细胞增生现象.停药7天,2组胆管周围出现炎性细胞浸润,肾脏、脾脏轻微出血;3组肝脏和脾脏炎性细胞增生明显,肾小管上皮细胞肿胀;4组肝脏瘀血以及细胞颗粒变性,肾小管上皮细胞微肿胀、管腔狭窄闭塞,脾脏炎性细胞增生.停药14天,各试验组病理现象明显减轻,各脏器仅见轻微瘀血.说明妥曲珠利可导致肉鸡的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏发生不同程度病变,影响其正常发育,其病变程度具有明显的剂量效应,停药后病变逐渐减轻.

艾滋病 (acquired immunodeficiency syn-drome ,AIDS)是由艾滋病病毒(human immunode-ficiency virus ,HIV )感染所导致的一种病死率极高的慢性传染病 ,运城市自1996年发现首例HIV感染者以来 ,截止2015年12月31 日,已流行了20年 ,累计报告HIV/AIDS 2313例.为了解运城市A IDS的流行特征与趋势,有效控制运城市 A IDS流行提出针对性策略 ,现将1996—2015年共计20年运城市A IDS疫情分析如下.

目的 了解运城市现存活艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)异性性传播方式的特征,为有针对性地开展干预工作提供依据.方法 以2013年12月31日前艾滋病综合防治信息系统中,报告现住址为运城市的HIV/AIDS病人为调查对象.通过问卷调查获得其一般人口学特征及异性性传播方式.结果 调查464例HIV/AIDS病人,经固定性伴传播者占55.6％(258例),经商业性伴传播者占18.3％(85例),经非商业临时性伴传播者占26.1％(121例).不同性别、职业、年龄及不同报告年份的HIV/AIDS病人,异性性传播方式所占构成比的差异有统计学意义.经固定性伴传播比例呈现下降趋势,而经商业性伴及非商业临时性伴传播的比例呈上升趋势,经趋势x2检验差异有统计学意义.结论 运城市HIV/AIDS病人中经商业性伴及非商业临时性伴传播所占比例呈现上升趋势.艾滋病干预工作中针对HIV/AIDS病人及其配偶的干预工作不能放松,同时应重视商业性伴传播及非商业临时性伴传播艾滋病的问题.

(Objective)The experiment was conducted to study the effects of Toltrazuril on serum biochemical indices and the dynamic elimination of its deposition in liver of broilers after withdrawal. (Method)288 1d AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates. The experimental groups (Group2,Group3 and Group4)were supplemented with 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L Toltrazuril in the conventional tap water respectively in 8~10 days old, the conventional tap water were supplied during other time., while the control group (Group1) was supplied with the conventional tap water. The experiment lasted for 42 days. (Result)The results showed that: 25 mg/L Toltrazuril had no significant effect on the activity of AMS (P>0.05),while the content of total protein and Glucose in serum increased significantly (P<0.05).The activity of AMS and the content of total protein of the two groups with 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L Toltrazuril were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The activity of T-SOD of the groups with 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L Toltrazuril were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The deposition amount of Toltrazuril in broiler's liver appeared obviously to be correlated to the dosage of it. Toltrazuril could not be detected at the seventh day after withdrawal. With the extension of time after withdrawal, the elimination trend of Toltrazuril in liver accorded with index function model. According to the model prediction, Toltrazuril's deposition amount in liver of Group2, Group3 and Group4 almost disappeared at 5.02 day, 6.10 day and 6.59 day after withdrawal respectively. (Conclusion)In conclusion, there was obvious dose-effect correlation between the dosage of Toltrazuril and broilers ' serum biochemical indices, so was the Toltrazuril ' s deposition amount in liver. The elimination of Toltrazuril in liver was fast after withdrawal.

本试验旨在研究妥曲珠利对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响及其在肌肉中的残留。选取288只初生AA肉鸡,随机分4组,每组6个重复,饲喂相同基础日粮,对照组(1组)饮用常规自来水,试验组(2、3、4组)8~10日龄饮水中分别添加25、50、100 mg/L妥曲珠利,试验期42 d。结果表明:妥曲珠利对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05),在肌肉中沉积的剂量效应显著(P<0.05);药物沉积量下降趋势符合指数函数模型,根据模型预测,2、3、4组胸肌中妥曲珠利分别于停药后3.42、4.74、5.73 d衰减到HPLC法最低检测限(74.45 ng/g)。综上所述,饮水中添加低于100 mg/L的妥曲珠利对肉鸡屠宰性能无影响,该药在肌肉中沉积的剂量效应显著。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of diclazuril on production and slaughter performance,immune action and serum biochemical indices of broilers.Two hundred and eighty-eight AA Broilers at the age of 1 d were selected and divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 12 broilers each.Four treatments were supplemented with 0 mg/kg(Group1),1 mg/kg(Group2),2 mg/kg(Group3),4 mg/kg(Group4) diclazuril in the basal diets,respectively.The experiment lasted for seven weeks.The results showed that compared with the control group,each addition level had no significant difference in the production and slaughter performance;the group with 1 mg/kg diclazuril had no significant difference in the immune organs indices,the serum antibody titre of NDV and the transformation rates of peripheral T lymphocyte compared with the control group(P0.05);The transformation rate of peripheral T lymphocyte of the groups with 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg diclazuril was significantly lower than the control group(P0.05 or P0.01);at 28 d,the immune organs indices of the group with 4 mg/kg diclazuril was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05),but the serum antibody titre of NDV of this group was significantly lower than the control group(P0.05);at 28 d,35 d(withdrawal 0 d)and 42 d(withdrawal 7 d),the activity of AMS of the groups with 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg diclazuril was significantly lower than the control group and the group with 1 mg/kg diclazuril(P0.05 or P0.01),each addition level could significantly increase the content of total protein in serum(P0.05 or P0.01);at 28 d,the activity of T-SOD of the groups with 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg diclazuril was significantly higher than the control group and the group with 1 mg/kg diclazuril(P0.05 or P0.01);at 35 d(withdrawal 0 d)and 42 d(withdrawal 7 d),the activity of T-SOD of the group with 4 mg/kg diclazuril was significantly lower than the control group and the other experimental groups(P0.05 or P0.01);compared with the control group,each addition level had no significant difference on the content of glucose(P0.05);at 49 d(withdrawal 14 d),there were no significant difference among all of the groups in all of the serum biochemical indices aboved(P0.05).Correlation analyses showed that the content of total protein and the content of glucose were significantly positive correlated with the average daily gain(P0.01),highly significant negative correlation was found between the activity of T-SOD and the average daily gain(P0.01).

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of Toltrazuril on growth performance and immune function of broilers.2 88 1 d AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatments.Every treatment was fed with the same diet.The control group(Group1) was supplied with tap water,while other treatments(Group2,Group3 and Group4) were supplemented with 25 mg/L,50 mg/L and 100 mg/L Toltrazuril in tap water respectively in 8~10 days old.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed that: Toltrazuril had no significant effect on the broilers' growth performance and the serum antibody titre of NDV(P0.05);the thymus index and the spleen index of the 28 d broilers with 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L Toltrazuril were significantly higher than those of the control group(P0.05),the bursa index of the 28 d broilers with 100 mg/L Toltrazuril was significantly lower than that of the control group(P0.05);The transformation rate of peripheral T lymphocyte of the group with 50 mg/L Toltrazuril was significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.05).In conclusion,the immune function of broilers was improved by 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L Toltrazuril in water.

Polymorphism in Exon 3 of FSHβ gene of Wulong goose was analyzed by PCR-SSCP and analyzed the relationship with Wulong goose egg production traits.One SNP site was detected.It produced three kinds of genotypes(AA,AB,BB);the average open egg weight and the average egg weight of AB goose and BB goose are higher than the average of the AA goose,but there was not significant difference in them(P>0.05),the open average age of AA goose is lower than AB goose and BB goose.Egg production showed the trend AA> AB> BB.

Polymorphisms in prolactin(PRL) gene intron 2 of Wulong goose were analyzed by PCR-SSCP and the relationship between PRL gene and egg production traits was analyzed.The results showed that there was a mutation in intron 2 of PRL gene(GA insertion/deletion at the site of 38 and 39 nucleotides),which resulted in 3 genotypes(CC,CD,DD);there were no significant differences in the age at first egg,weight at first egg and average egg size(P0.05),and the egg production of CC genotype and CD genotype was significantly higher than that of CC genotype(P0.05).The results showed that the mutation of the Wulong goose played an important role in egg production,which could provide a basis for the molecular marker-assisted selection of egg production traits of Wulong goose.

This experiment was conducted to study polymorphisms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),prolactin(PRL)and follicle-stimulating hormone β(FSHβ)genes in Wulong goose,and the relationship between the genotypes of GnRH,PRL,FSHβ and egg production traits was analyzed. 100 Wulong geese in the peak of egg production were recorded the individual egg production. The results showzd that:One SNP site was detected in FSHβ,which produced three kinds of genotypes(AA,AB,BB). Egg production showed the trend for AAABBB;One SNP site was detected in PRL. It produced three kinds of genotypes(CC,CD,DD),egg produtions of CC goose and CD goose were significantly higher than that of CC goose(P0.05);One SNP site was detected in GnRH,which produced two kinds of genotypes(EE,EF). The age of the first egg,weight of the first egg and average egg weight of genotype EE were higher than those of genotype EF(P0.05).

Twenty-four microsatellite loci were used in PCR amplification of the DNA of 133 Dazu black goats that have no parentage record,and individual genotypes were obtained after the products of PCR am- plification were detected by non-denaturalized polyacrylamide gel eleetrophoresis and dyed by silver nitrate. The offspring were assigned to 11 groups according to paternity analyzed by using Cervus2.0,and cluster analysis was done among the 11 male stud goats.At last,the kinship of the whole group was obtained, which can offer reference to the breeding of the group.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of charge-free antiviral therapy for AIDS in Yuncheng City, southern Shanxi. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 185 patients with AIDS who were on a charge-free antiviral therapy as of February 2006 in Yuncheng City, using a designated curative-effect questionnaire. The data investigated included use of antivirals, opportunistic infections, body weight, leukocyte, hemoglobin, CD4+T assay, mental status, diet, sleeping and working. Results Good compliance and opportunistic infection control were seen in AIDS patient who were on antiviral therapy. After treatment, mean CD4+T count increased from 110.43 ceus/μl to 239.04 ceus/μl (P<0.01). Scores of mental status, diet, sleeping and working were also notably improved(P<0.01). Conclusion The charge-free antiviral medication proved remarkable outcomes among AIDS patients with extended life-time, greatly improved quality of life, reduced opportunistic infections and significantly elevated CD4+T counts.

为了掌握我市艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)患者中合并结核病的情况及发病趋势,对HIV/结核分支杆菌(MTB)双重感染者进行治疗管理,阻断其对家庭和周围人群的传播,为HIV/MTB双重感染者及时提供医疗救治服务,建立双重感染的防治工作机制,我们于2006年3月对全市登记管理存活的HIV/AIDS患者进行了结核病的筛查.现将结果报告如下.