Lead-free perovskites are emerging as eco-friendly alternatives for X-ray detection, yet achieving high sensitivity, stability, and self-powered operation remains a challenge. Here, we present a 0D chiral organic-inorganic hybrid bismuth perovskite single crystal, (R/S-NEA)4Bi2Cl10 (NEA = (2-naphthyl)ethylamine), that enables a bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) for efficient, self-powered X-ray detection. Its unique structure, featuring isolated [Bi2Cl10]4- dimers within a hydrogen-bonded chiral lattice, facilitates asymmetric charge transport, enhancing intrinsic carrier separation. The resulting detector achieves a record sensitivity of 10 200 µC·Gy-1 cm-2 at 1000 V bias and maintains self-powered operation (0 V) with a low detection limit of 510 nGy s-1, outperforming existing bismuth-based perovskite detectors. Notably, these crystals retain structural integrity for over a year in ambient conditions, while the device exhibits stable operation for over 4000 s under continuous X-ray exposure. This work advances chiral perovskite engineering as a powerful strategy for developing next-generation lead-free X-ray detectors with high performance and long-term durability, making them attractive for portable medical imaging and radiation monitoring.

Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for radiation detection due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, high atomic number, and low-cost fabrication. However, the high intrinsic dark current severely limits the radiation detection performance of CsPbCl3 perovskite. Herein, high-quality CsPbCl3 perovskite single crystals ((1)15 & times; 70 mm3) were successfully grown via the Bridgman method. We proposed a low-temperature cooling strategy to reduce the dark current of the device, and the properties of CsPbCl3 detectors were investigated over a wide temperature range from 20 degrees C to-50 degrees C. The resistivity increased from 5.56 & times; 108 S2 cm to 8.01 & times; 1012 S2 cm, and the average dark current was suppressed from-135.1 nA to-21.0 pA at-100 V while decreasing temperature to-50 degrees C. Moreover, the cooling strategy significantly suppressed noise fluctuations, yielding a variance of the dark current as low as and 6.29 & times; 10-24 A at-50 degrees C, respectively. The temperature dependence of carrier transport performance was obtained using a 241Am 59.6 keV gamma-ray, wherein the mobility and mobility-lifetime product of the hole were improved by 1.4-fold and 1.5-fold at low temperatures, respectively. Benefiting from the improved carrier transport properties, the gamma-ray detection performance was remarkably optimized at low temperatures. The detector achieved a superior energy resolution (ER) of 11.8% at 122 keV for 57Co gamma-ray, representing the best performance reported to date for CsPbCl3 perovskite crystal detectors. These insights provide critical guidance for the development of perovskite material optimization strategies to ultimately achieve high energy resolution gamma-ray detection based on CsPbCl3 perovskites at room temperature.

Semiconductor detectors play a critical role in radiation detection due to their superior energy and spatial resolution. However, significant variations in carrier mobility-lifetime ( mu tau ) products in perovskite materials (e.g., CsPbBr3) lead to intricate interplays of charge collection efficiency (CCE) and spectral resolution. Particularly, in unipolar detector geometries, nonlinear signal distortion arises, limiting the predictive accuracy of conventional simulation frameworks. To address this, we established a systematic semiconductor detector simulation framework that integrates energy deposition data from Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation with weighting potential and electric field derived from the finite element method (FEM), enabling precise probing of induced charges and tracking of carrier trajectories, exemplified for pixelated perovskite detector. This framework modeled the physical photoelectric conversion and signal generation processes, in generating real-time charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA) pulses and energy spectra that closely aligned with experimental signals of pixelated perovskite detector. It is validated that pulses generated deploying this physically accurate carrier trajectories exhibited superior agreement with actual detector signals compared to traditional exponential decay models, which could be used as high-fidelity training datasets for pulse-processing algorithms, such as baseline correction and digital shaping. In addition, a 3-D charge-loss correction was introduced into the simulated spectrum, demonstrating improved energy resolution (ER) and highlighting the strong potential of CsPbBr3 detectors. Future work will extend this framework to charge-sharing analysis and pulse-based postprocessing algorithms, further enhancing its applicability in the design and performance prediction of the next-generation radiation detectors.

Perovskite CsPbBr3 has emerged as a promising room-temperature semiconductor radiation detector, synthesizable via both melt- and solution-growth methods. Herein, we systematically compare the gamma-ray detection performance of CsPbBr3 crystals grown by inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) and vertical Bridgman (VB) method. ITC-grown crystals exhibit relatively low optical transmittance of similar to 65%, a short photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of similar to 6.07 ns, moderate resistivity of $6.06 imes 10(-9) Omega.cm , and a limited on-off ratio of similar to 350. In contrast, VB-grown crystals show markedly improved optoelectronic properties, including higher transmittance (75%similar to 80%), a much longer PL lifetime (similar to 36.75 ns), higher resistivity (1.08 x 10(-10)Omega.cm), and a significantly enhanced on-off ratio (similar to 5300). These improvements indicate higher crystal quality and reduced defect density in VB-grown CsPbBr3 crystals, leading to more efficient charge transport. Notably, the average hole mobility and mobility-lifetime product increase from 5.36 cm(2).V-1.s(-1) and 4.45 x 10(-4) cm(2).V-1 to 24.87 cm(2).V-1.s(-1) and 3.58 x 10(-3) cm(2).V-1,, respectively. Accordingly, asymmetric Au/CsPbBr3/EGaIn detectors fabricated from VB-grown crystals deliver excellent average energy resolutions (ERs) of similar to 9.8% and similar to 5.5% for Am-241 and Co-57 gamma-ray sources, respectively, along with superior detector uniformity, whereas ITC-based detectors exhibit only moderate ERs of similar to 29.6% and similar to 22.6%. These results suggest that melt-grown CsPbBr3 crystals are more favorable for high-performance gamma-ray detectors applications.

Inorganic perovskite semiconductors CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br) have emerged as promising candidates for room temperature radiation detection. However, the performance of the wide bandgap semiconductor CsPbCl3 (Eg = 2.87 eV) hindered its ability to resolve the full-energy peak of 137Cs 662 keV γ-rays due to high dark current and elevated electronic noise. In this study, large-volume CsPbCl3 single crystal (Φ15 mm × 60 mm) with high resistivity (1.61 × 109 Ω·cm) was successfully grown using the Bridgman method. A guard ring (GR) electrode structure was incorporated into a Schottky-type Au/CsPbCl3/Bi detector to mitigate surface leakage current and edge-induced degradation. The strategy of the GR reduced bulk leakage current by 72% from 71.0 nA to 20.0 nA, and significantly suppressed noise level fluctuations, yielding a skewness of the dark current as low as 4.26 × 10-11 A at 100 V. The CsPbCl3 detector achieves a leakage current density of less than 0.5 μA/cm2 at a bias voltage of 100 V. These enhancements substantially improve spectral performance, as indicated by an energy resolution of 24% for 57Co 122 keV γ ray, representing a notable improvement over the energy resolution of 43% without the GR. Furthermore, the full-energy peak of 137Cs 662 keV γ ray in CsPbCl3 was observed for the first time, achieving an energy resolution of 13% at 250 V. This study highlights the critical role of GR structures in facilitating γ-rays spectra performance in CsPbCl3 at room temperature.

Ultrafast scintillators are essential for next-generation radiation detection, positron emission tomography, and high-speed medical imaging. All-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites are attractive candidates because of their high stopping power, and excellent optical quality, yet their long carrier lifetimes result in slow scintillation responses on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds. Here, we demonstrate that controlled over-doping with Br2 produces CsPbBr3.03 single crystals with sub-nanosecond scintillation at room temperature while preserving crystal quality. Single crystals grown by the Bridgman method exhibit high transparency and maintain the orthorhombic perovskite structure. Br2 over-doping induces a slight lattice expansion (about 0.42% increase in unit-cell volume) while maintaining the orthorhombic perovskite phase and high optical transparency. Optical absorption reveals a slight redshift of the absorption edge after Br2 introduction, indicating a modified defect landscape. Time-resolved photoluminescence and radioluminescence measurements show that Br2 doping creates dense and efficient recombination centers that reduce the scintillation decay time from more than 100 ns in undoped crystals to 350 ps under 5.486 MeV alpha-particle excitation, and the scintillation decay time decreases by two orders of magnitude. The doped crystals also achieve a spatial resolution of 12 lp mm-1 in X-ray imaging. These results reveal a defect-engineering route for achieving ultrafast scintillation in halide perovskites and highlight the potential of Br2-modified CsPbBr3 for fast timing applications.

Inorganic perovskite CsPbCl3 single crystals (SCs) are promising for stable and high-performance X-ray detection due to their high X-ray absorption, superior optoelectronic properties, and superior chemical and thermal stability. However, the size of CsPbCl3 SCs grown via low-energy-consumption solution methods remains limited to below 1 mm, primarily because of the limited solubility of raw materials in solvents and the lack of effective growth techniques. In this work, an amine-salt-assisted solution crystallization strategy is developed to grow high-quality CsPbCl3 SCs with size up to 15 mm. This significant size improvement is enabled by a 13-fold increase in precursor solubility, achieved by constructing hydrogen bond interactions between the amine salt and insoluble raw materials. Consequently, the SCs exhibit high μτ product (6.3 × 10–3 cm2 V−1), low trap density (2.9 × 1010 cm−3), and large resistivity (1.7 × 109 Ω cm). Therefore, the SC detectors achieve a record-high sensitivity of 76,624 μC Gy−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 47.9 nGy s−1 even under low bias voltages, enabling high contrast X-ray imaging. This ingenious and executable low-temperature solution crystallization strategy combined with superior X-ray detection performance makes CsPbCl3 SCs promising to advance the low-cost development of safe radiation detection systems.

All-inorganic CsPbCl _3 perovskite is a promising material for high-performance radiation detection owing to its extraordinary photoelectric properties and chemical stability. The critical challenge in developing wide-bandgap CsPbCl _3 perovskite lies in the quantitative assessment of its charge transport properties, which regulate its performance optimization. Herein, we report the first spectroscopic particles using CsPbCl _3 detectors with asymmetric contact. CsPbCl _3 single crystals ( 15 mm × 50 mm) were successfully grown using the Bridgman melt method and subsequently fabricated into Schottky-type Bi/CsPbCl _3 /Au detectors. Owing to its high electrical resistivity of 1.25 × 10 ^9 Ω · cm, the CsPbCl _3 detector demonstrated a low dark current density ( ∼ 870 nA/cm ^2 ) and stable performance. The CsPbCl _3 detector was also capable of resolving both the particle (5.5 MeV) and -ray (59.5 keV) peaks from the ^241 Am radioactive isotope. Furthermore, the carrier transport properties of CsPbCl _3 were evaluated quantitatively by the time-of-flight technology using ^241 Am particle response, revealing the hole and electron mobilities as ∼ 11.12 and ∼ 12.92 cm ^2 · V ^-1 · s ^-1 , respectively. Meanwhile, the hole and electron mobility–lifetime products were obtained as ∼ 1.72 × 10 ^-4 and ∼ 1.04 × 10 ^-4 cm ^2 · V ^-1 , respectively. The planar CsPbCl _3 detector achieved an excellent energy resolution of ∼ 14.9 -ray exposure, which is the highest energy resolution reported to date for CsPbCl _3 detectors. This study highlights the considerable potential of inorganic perovskite detectors for radiation detection and provides a practical approach for the future development of perovskite materials.

We present the results of measurements on CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystals grown by the Bridgman method with preliminary zone-refining. The crystals had a specific resistivity, rho, of 1.1 x 109 Omega cm, a trap concentration, (trap, of 3.46 x 109 cm-3 and a hole mobility, mu h, of 34.02 cm2 V- 1 & sdot;s- 1. The hole mobility-lifetime products (mu tau), as determined from a Hecht analysis, was in the range (1.2-2.1) x 10-3 cm2/V, depending on electrode geometry. The spectral performance of detectors fabricated from single crystals of dimensions 4.6 x 4.6 x 2.2 mm3 were evaluated over the energy range (5.9-1332) keV. Three detector structures were fabricated: a planar, planar with guard ring and a ring-electrodes geometry. The energy resolution of the detectors was determined using standard radioactive sources: 55Fe, 241Am, 57Co, 137Cs and 60Co. For the detector utilizing a ring-electrodes geometry, the measured FWHM energy resolutions were: <= 2.6 keV at 5.9 keV, 3.0 keV (5.0 %) at 59.5 keV, 3.4 keV (2.8 %) at 122 keV, 6.2 keV (0.94 %) at 662 keV, 10.3 keV (0.89 %) at 1173 keV and 11.5 keV (0.86 %) at 1332 keV. The energy resolution of the planar detector with a guard ring was 3.4 keV (5.7 %) at 59.5 keV, 3.8 keV (3.1 %) at 122 keV and 5.25 keV (0.79 %) at 662 keV.

Fracto-mechanoluminescence (FML), a subtype of mechanoluminescence, is the phenomenon of light emission triggered by the fracturing of solids under mechanical stimuli. Although many materials have been reported with FML, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, leveraging the fundamental prerequisites and design principles to achieve FML remain elusive. In this study, we systematically investigate a series of Mn halides and find that 12 out of 18 compounds exhibit bright and clearly detectable FML. Here we show that the occurrence of FML arises from the synergistic interplay among the crystal's elastic stiffness, local electromechanical coupling, and trap states, which collectively activate Mn2+ d-d transitions upon fracture. The enhancement of FML intensity is primarily governed by the enlargement of the effective fracture area, whereas the Young's modulus determines the fracture threshold and the tolerable stress range of crystals. Additionally, as-explored Mn halides exhibit improved X-ray imaging capabilities, which are further integrated into radiation warning and damage detection devices.

Highly efficient and stable narrowband blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are vital for high-definition displays, yet the achievement of such devices via a concise binary-doped fabrication architecture remains challenging. Herein, an effective and robust single-component host matrix with a spatial bipolarity configuration is developed for high-performance OLEDs. Two elaborately designed molecules are constructed on a non-conjugated silyl linker connecting boron–oxygen and carbazole-derived groups. The boron–oxygen electron-accepting and carbazole-based electron-donating moieties exhibit synergistic and complementary group functions, achieving wide bandgaps of excited energy states, along with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and bipolar carrier transport features. Following the incorporation of a blue multiresonant guest emitter, the doped emissive film showcases enhanced horizontal orientation and photoluminescent efficiency. The binary-doped narrowband blue OLEDs achieve the record maximum external quantum efficiency of 42.3% with low roll-off (efficiency of 38.3% at 1,000 cd m −2 ), and the improved operational stability with a half-lifetime of 3076 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m −2 . This study reveals that the utilization of a spatial bipolarity host matrix is a promising approach to realize narrowband blue OLEDs with concise architecture and high performance.

Low-dimensional materials with charge density waves (CDW) are attractive for their potential to exhibit superconductivity and nontrivial topological electronic features. Here we report the two-dimensional (2D) chalcogenide, BaSbTe2S which acts as a new platform hosting these phenomena. The crystal structure of BaSbTe2S is composed of alternating atomically thin Te square-net layers and double rock-salt type [(SbTeS)2]2- slabs separated with Ba2+ atoms. Due to the electronic instability of the Te square net, an incommensurately modulated structure is triggered and confirmed by both single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, and the presence of an energy bandgap in this compound. Our first-principles electronic structure analysis and investigation of structural dynamical instability suggest that the Te network plays a dominant role in its origin. The incommensurate structure is refined with a modulation vector of q = 0.351(1)b* using an orthorhombic cell of a = 4.4696(5) Å, b = 4.4680(5) Å, and c = 15.999(2) Å under superspace group Pmm2(0β0)000 at 293 K. The modulation vector q varies as a function of both occupancy of Te in the square net and temperature, indicating the CDW order can be modulated by local distortions. The CDW can be suppressed by pressure, leading to the emergence of superconductivity with a Tc up to 7.5 K at 13.6 GPa, suggesting a competition between the CDW order and superconductivity. Furthermore, electrical transport under the magnetic field reveals the existence of compensated high mobility electron- and hole-bands near the Fermi surface (μ ∼600-3500 cm2V-1s-1), suggesting Dirac-like band dispersion.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have garnered extensive attention, as they can attain 100% exciton utilization without the necessity of introducing precious metal atoms. Since the breakthrough of electroluminescent devices based on pure organic TADF materials, this field has experienced rapid development with the design and synthesis of thousands of new TADF molecules in the past decade. Among them, TADF materials with multi‐channel charge transfer (MCCT) have become a research hotspot in recent years because of advantages such as the increased utilization rate of triplet excitons by opening more reverse intersystem crossing channels through degenerate molecular orbitals and the capability of obtaining emitted light with different wavelengths and spectral shapes by regulating the charge transfer processes of different channels. In this review, we have meticulously summarized the latest research accomplishments of TADF materials with MCCT reported in recent years by commencing from molecular design, photophysical properties and the performance of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The objective is to clarify the relationship between structure and performance and to offer references for follow‐up work. Ultimately, the existing challenges of MCCT‐based TADF materials are presented and the prospects for their future development directions are also delineated.

All-inorganic Cd-based halides have attracted much interest as a unique class of metal halides because of their afterglow luminescent properties, although the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is relatively low (<10%). Here, we investigated the optoelectronic characteristics of all-inorganic Cd chloride, including CsCdCl3, Cs2CdCl4, and Cs3Cd2Cl7, and improved their PLQY by Cu(I) doping, achieving a maximal PLQY of 81.6 +/- 1.5% for Cs3Cd1.96Cu0.04Cl6.96. Based on the improved optoelectronic properties, we further used them for X-ray detection and anticounterfeiting. Under continuous X-ray irradiation at a dose rate of 26.5 Gy/min for 1800s, the Cu(I) ion-doped Cd chloride exhibits bright luminescence with little intensity loss, indicating high X-ray resistance and stability. As for anticounterfeiting, diversified modes have been fabricated, showcasing the versatile applications of Cd chloride with tunable persistent luminescence in advanced security systems. Our work demonstrates that multimodal luminescence makes Cd-based chlorides suitable as a unique choice among metal halides, extending the applications of metal halides across a wide range of optoelectronic fields.

Perovskite semiconductor cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr 3 ) has demonstrated great promise as a new‐generation gamma‐ray detector. However, substantial challenges still present in reproducibly achieving optimal spectroscopic performance. The specific strategy for producing spectroscopic‐grade CsPbBr 3 crystals with high reproducibility and uniformity are still not clarified. Herein, efficient zone refining processing is developed for CsPbBr 3 crystals that facilitates impurity segregation to achieve an ultrahigh purity level of ≈1.42 ppm, therefore lowers trap density and balances charge transport. In a typical 30 mm diameter zone‐refined CsPbBr 3 ingot, all wafers exhibited remarkable energy resolutions of 6–12% and 3–8% for 241 Am and 57 Co γ‐rays under comparable electric fields. The crystals also exhibited an ambipolar charge transport characteristic, resemble to elemental semiconductors, with equivalent hole and electron mobility‐lifetime products averaging 5.42 × 10 −3 and 2.27 × 10 −3 cm 2 ∙V −1 , respectively. Consequently, over 95% of wafers achieved energy resolutions below 5% whereas 70% exceeded 3% for 137 Cs γ‐rays, demonstrating exceptional reproducibility and uniformity. Notably, a champion energy resolution of 1.3% with an outstanding photopeak‐to‐Compton (P/C) ratio of ≈5.3 is attained in an ambipolar planar detector. It is anticipated that this work shall expedite scalable manufacturing and practical applications of CsPbBr 3 detectors.

The development of ultra-high-definition organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) displays requires efficient and narrowband blue emission. Nevertheless, binary host-guest doped narrowband blue OLEDs still face significant challenges in simultaneously realizing high efficiency and negligible roll-off. Herein, a molecular construction strategy through the synergistic interplay between π-conjugation extension and functional complementarity fusion is proposed by incorporating a rigid boron-oxygen (BO) framework with carbazole building blocks. The constructed compounds exhibit increased triplet exciton recycling capability, high excited-state energy levels, and improved charge transporting features, showcasing significant potential as host matrices for blue devices. The sensitizer-free OLEDs achieve the narrowband blue emission with a CIEy value lower than 0.15, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 41.2%, and the suppressed efficiency roll-off at high luminance due to efficient energy transfer to blue guest emitters and elevated horizontal dipole orientation. This work strategically demonstrates a balance between high efficiency and reduced efficiency roll-off in binary narrowband blue OLEDs, representing a substantial advancement in blue electroluminescent technology.

Integrating semiconductor detectors with high energy and spatial resolution is vital for advancing nuclear medicine imaging. Perovskite semiconductors afford unprecedented opportunity for reshaping radiation detection technologies. Nevertheless, perovskite semiconductors have yet to prove their ability in single photon γ-ray imaging, which is essential for enabling nuclear medicine imaging. Herein, we present a pioneering approach to develop high resolution perovskite CsPbBr3 detectors with pixelated configuration capable of imaging single γ-ray photons for nuclear medicine applications. Eliminating charge transport losses at the surface results in exceptional performance uniformity and long-term device stability, which confers near-unity charge collection efficiency and enhanced spectral resolving capabilities. Record energy resolutions are achieved as 2.5% at 141 keV and 1.0% at 662 keV. Single photon imaging with single point and line 99mTc γ-ray sources showcases the high sensitivity of 0.13%~0.21% cps/Bq. Phantom imaging distinctly delineates individual column sources spaced 7 mm apart, indicative of an impressive spatial resolution of 3.2 mm. These findings lay the groundwork for integrating perovskite detectors into nuclear medicine γ-ray imaging systems, offering a balance of cost-effectiveness and superior performance.

Lead halide perovskites have garnered significant attention as promising materials for direct X-ray detection due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, which enable high sensitivity and efficiency. However, the environmental and biological risks associated with lead-based compositions limit their practical application, necessitating the development of lead-free alternatives. In this work, a novel two-dimensional (2D) copper(II)-based perovskite, (t-ACH)2CuBr4 (t-ACH = trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid), is synthesized to yield high-quality single crystals with dimensions of up to 14 × 8 × 1 mm3, exhibiting exceptional X-ray detection performance. The bifunctional organic cation, containing both ammonium and carboxylate groups, facilitates robust N-H···Br and O-H···O hydrogen bonding, reinforcing interlayer coupling and enhancing structural stability. A vertical Au/(t-ACH)2CuBr4/Au X-ray detector exhibits high sensitivity of 65.9 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, low dark current drift of 2.367 × 10-6 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1, and excellent operational stability. These results highlight the potential of hydrogen-bond-stabilized, ecofriendly copper halide perovskites for next-generation, sustainable X-ray detection technologies.

Lead-free halides, recognized for their nontoxic properties and remarkable stability, have emerged as promising candidates for various optoelectronic applications. In this work, we report the discovery of a novel all-inorganic zinc halide, Rb3ZnCl4I. With the doping of Mn2+ ion, the as-obtained Rb3Zn1-xMnxCl4I single crystals show intense green photoluminescence with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 52 nm and a peak at 525 nm. The sample with x = 0.30 exhibits the maximum photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), reaching a value of 44.14%. We further explored their potential applications in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and X-ray detection. The constructed WLED exhibits a color rendering index (CRI) of 84.1 along with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6491 K, demonstrating the material's suitability for high-quality solid-state lighting. Notably, Rb3Zn0.70Mn0.30Cl4I exhibits remarkable stability under X-ray irradiation. Upon being continuously exposed to X-ray irradiation for 10 min at a dose rate of 26.5 Gy/min, the radioluminescence intensity retains 90% of its initial value. This work not only introduces a new member to the family of environmentally friendly and stable lead-free halides but also paves the way for further exploration and development of metal halides in various high-tech fields.

Semiconductor detectors function as solid-state ionization chambers, operating on principles similar to those of gas ionization chambers. In a gas ionization chamber, the internal grid structure is a critical regulator in providing electrical shielding and facilitating event-trajectory reconstruction. However, grid structure has yet to be implemented into state-of-art semiconductor detectors. Herein, the conceptual design and operation principle of a solid Frisch grid (SFG) detector is presented with an internal grid structure, alongside a universal strategy for its fabrication utilizing solution-processed perovskite semiconductors. Spectroscopic-grade SFG perovskite single crystals with smooth surfaces, showcasing atomic-level growth terraces, are grown through bulk defects passivation with additive. SFG detector exhibits desirable weighting potential with a low grid inefficiency of approximate to 17.1%, delivering an impressive raw energy resolution of 2.0% at 662 keV, surpassing that of conventional detectors without a Frisch grid. By incorporating depth analysis, the energy resolution is further enhanced to an unprecedented 1.65%. A multiple-wire SFG detector has also been developed, capable of spatially reconstructing the gamma-ray interaction events and achieving a record 40.0 mu m position resolution. With the significantly higher attenuation efficiency of SFG perovskite detector, which is four orders of magnitude greater than that of gas detector, this study is anticipated to pave the avenue for integrating grid structures with versatile functionality into new-generation semiconductor radiation detectors.