Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent respiratory pauses during sleep; however, the neural mechanisms governing respiratory stability remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify the ratio of sigh expiratory volume to eupneic expiratory volume as a potential predictor of post-sigh apnea in susceptible C57BL/6J mice. We demonstrate that leptin signaling within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is critical for maintaining respiratory drive and suppressing apnea. Chemogenetic activation of Leptin receptor b-expressing NTS (NTSLepRb) neurons significantly reduced apnea incidence, whereas their ablation exacerbated respiratory dysfunction. Moreover, NTSLepRb neurons mediate these effects through anatomically and functionally segregated projections to the dorsomedial hypothalamus and the lateral parabrachial nucleus. These findings define a specific leptin-mediated brainstem circuit that stabilizes respiratory output, providing new mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets for sleep-disordered breathing.

OBJECTIVE:The globus pallidus externa (GPe) is involved in mediating physiological functions and contains two types of neurons: Forkhead box protein P2-expressing (GPeFoxP2) neurons which inhibit motor, and parvalbumin-expressing (GPePV) neurons which improve motor. The functional complexity of the GPe, directly linked to its neuronal heterogeneity, necessitates exploring the neuroanatomical circuits of its distinct neuron types as a foundation for functional research. METHODS:In this study, we employed specific, modified rabies viruses and adeno-associated viruses to investigate the monosynaptic inputs of GPeFoxP2 and GPePV neurons. RESULTS:We found that the input projections to both types of neurons are widespread, including the cortex, subcortical structures, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem. These inputs exhibit significant similarity, with 49 nuclei simultaneously innervating both types of neurons. However, GPePV neurons receive a lower proportion of inputs from the cortex and a higher proportion of inputs from the thalamus, compared to GPeFoxP2 neurons. Clustering analysis indicates that GPeFoxP2 neurons receive extensive afferent inputs from four nuclear clusters in the brain, whereas GPePV neurons receive afferent inputs from only three clusters, suggesting GPeFoxP2 neurons may be involved in more diverse functional regulations than GPePV. CONCLUSION:Collectively, our results reveal the similarities and differences in the input projections to the two types of neurons in the GPe and lay the neuroanatomic groundwork for further studies to explore the critical physiological functions of GPe.

Central sleep apnea (CSA), characterized by unstable ventilatory control during sleep, poses significant health risks, particularly in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. This bibliometric analysis evaluated 1,687 CSA-related publications (2004–2025) from the Web of Science Core Collection. Annual publications surged post-2016, peaking in 2021 (115 articles), reflecting growing research interest. The U.S. and Germany dominated contributions, with American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine as the top journal. Keyword analysis revealed three focal areas: CSA-heart failure interactions (e.g., mortality, ejection fraction), CSA mechanisms (e.g., hypercapnia, chemosensitivity), and clinical management (e.g., adaptive servo-ventilation, phrenic nerve stimulation). Emerging trends include pediatric CSA, pathophysiology, and AI-driven diagnostics. International collaboration and multidisciplinary approaches are critical for advancing CSA research. Limitations include database constraints and evolving literature. This study maps CSA research trends, highlights gaps, and guides future investigations into mechanisms, biomarkers, and personalized therapies.

High entropy alloys have garnered considerable attention within the realm of electrocatalysis. This study introduces a Ni-Fe-Co-Mn-V high entropy alloy (NFCMV-HEA) electrocatalyst fabricated on a nickel foam substrate via a facile and controlled one-step electrodeposition process. Remarkably, in a 1 M KOH electrolyte, the NFCMV-HEA catalyst exhibits exceptional catalytic efficiency, needing only a mere 7 mV overpotential for hydrogen evolution to reach a current density of 10 mA cm- 2 . Furthermore, the Tafel slope is relatively low at 147.5 mV dec- 1 , suggesting favorable kinetics. The catalyst maintains its performance stability even following an extensive 90 h durability assessment. Further elucidation reveals that the nano-scale resberry-like micro-convex surface structure of the electrodeposited HEA yields a profusion of electrochemically active sites, synergized with the distinctive cocktail effect intrinsic to HEAs, thereby endowing the catalyst with exceptional HER electrocatalytic prowess.

OBJECTIVE:Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) contribute to the regulation of autonomic functions. However, the neural circuits linking these neurons to other brain regions remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the connectivity mechanisms of the PNMT-expressing neurons in the NTS (NTSPNMT neurons). METHODS:The methodologies employed in this study included a modified rabies virus-based retrograde neural tracing technique, conventional viral anterograde tracing, and immunohistochemical staining procedures. RESULTS:A total of 43 upstream nuclei projecting to NTSPNMT neurons were identified, spanning several key brain regions including the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, diencephalon, and telencephalon. Notably, dense projections to the NTSPNMT neurons were observed from the central amygdaloid nucleus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, area postrema, and the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. In contrast, the ventrolateral medulla, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and lateral hypothalamic area were identified as the primary destinations for axon terminals originating from NTSPNMT neurons. Additionally, reciprocal projections were evident among 21 nuclei, primarily situated within the medulla oblongata. CONCLUSION:Our research findings demonstrate that NTSPNMT neurons form extensive connections with numerous nuclei, emphasizing their essential role in the homeostatic regulation of vital autonomic functions.

AIMS:To identify whether and how a younger systemic internal milieu alleviates acute kidney injury (AKI) in grafts after kidney transplantation.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We conducted an allogenic heterotopic rat kidney transplantation model with young and adult recipients receiving similar donor kidneys. We evaluated the renal function, histological damage, apoptosis, dedifferentiation, proliferation, hub regulating cytokines, and signaling pathways involved in young and adult recipients based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and experimental validation. We also validated the protective effect and mechanism of interleukin-13 (IL-13) on tubular epithelial cell injury induced by transplantation in vivo and by cisplatin in vitro.KEY FINDINGS:Compared with adult recipients, the young recipients had lower levels of renal histological damage and apoptosis, while had higher levels of dedifferentiation and proliferation. Serum IL-13 levels were higher in young recipients both before and after surgery. Pretreating with IL-13 decreased apoptosis and promoted regeneration in injured rat tubular epithelial cells induced by cisplatin, while this effect can be counteracted by a JAK2 and STAT3 specific inhibitor, AG490. Recipients pretreated with IL-13 also had lower levels of histological damage and improved renal function.SIGNIFICANCE:Higher levels of IL-13 in young recipients ameliorates tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and promotes regeneration via activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest that IL-13 is a promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating AKI. The therapeutic potential of IL-13 in injury repair and immune regulation deserves further evaluation and clinical consideration.

High-entropy alloy electrocatalysts can better regulate the electronic structure and provide opportunities for catalytic reactions to a greater extent due to the synergistic effect between its multi-metal components. In this paper, Ni-Fe-Co-Mn-Sn high-entropy alloy (NFCMS-HEA) electrocatalysts were successfully prepared by one-step electrodeposition method on nickel foam substrate. The introduction of Sn atoms, which have significantly different atomic sizes compared to other elements, results in an increased degree of lattice distortion in the HEA and a highly open multi-level nanostructured surface, thereby endowing the catalyst with exceptionally high hydrogen evolution performance. The optimized NFCMS-HEA electrocatalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 4.3 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm- 2 and a low Tafel slope of 59.7 mV dec- 1 in 1 M KOH solution. In addition, it maintains a superior stability of electrolysis for more than 100 h in 1 M KOH solution. In conclusion, the present study offers prospects for the preparation of HER high-entropy catalysts by one-step electrodeposition.

The central leptin signaling system has been found to facilitate breathing and is linked to obesity-related hypoventilation. Activation of leptin signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) enhances respiratory drive. In this study, we investigated how medullary leptin signaling contributes to hypoventilation and whether respective deletion of SOCS3 in the NTS and RTN could mitigate hypoventilation in diet-induced obesity (DIO) male mice. Our findings revealed a decrease in the number of CO2-activated NTS neurons and downregulation of acid-sensing ion channels in DIO mice compared to lean control mice. Moreover, NTS leptin signaling was disrupted, as evidenced by the downregulation of phosphorylated STAT3 and the upregulation of SOCS3 in DIO mice. Importantly, deleting SOCS3 in the NTS and RTN significantly improved the diminished hypercapnic ventilatory response in DIO mice. In conclusion, our study suggests that disrupted medullary leptin signaling contributes to obesity-related hypoventilation, and inhibiting the upregulated SOCS3 in the NTS and RTN can alleviate this condition.

The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) is the primary central station that integrates visceral afferent information and regulates respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and other physiological functions. Leptin receptor b (LepRb)-expressing neurons of the NTS (NTSLepRb neurons) are implicated in central respiration regulation, respiratory facilitation, and respiratory drive enhancement. Furthermore, LepRb dysfunction is involved in obesity, insulin resistance, and sleep-disordered breathing. However, the monosynaptic inputs and outputs of NTSLepRb neurons in whole-brain mapping remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the exploration of its whole-brain connection system may provide strong support for comprehensively understanding the physiological and pathological functions of NTSLepRb neurons. In the present study, we used a cell type-specific, modified rabies virus and adeno-associated virus with the Cre-loxp system to map monosynaptic inputs and outputs of NTSLepRb neurons in LepRb-Cre mice. The results showed that NTSLepRb neurons received inputs from 48 nuclei in the whole brain from five brain regions, including especially the medulla. We found that NTSLepRb neurons received inputs from nuclei associated with respiration, such as the pre-Bötzinger complex, ambiguus nucleus, and parabrachial nucleus. Interestingly, some brain areas related to cardiovascular regulation-i.e., the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and locus coeruleus-also sent a small number of inputs to NTSLepRb neurons. In addition, anterograde tracing results demonstrated that NTSLepRb neurons sent efferent projections to 15 nuclei, including the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, which are involved in regulation of energy metabolism and feeding behaviors. Quantitative statistical analysis revealed that the inputs of the whole brain to NTSLepRb neurons were significantly greater than the outputs. Our study comprehensively revealed neuronal connections of NTSLepRb neurons in the whole brain and provided a neuroanatomical basis for further research on physiological and pathological functions of NTSLepRb neurons.

"五育融合"在国内教育理论和教育实践中备受关注,它改变了以往只重视"智育"育人的教育观念,目标是培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人.在"五育融合"的教学实施中,存在教师队伍素质不足、教学方式陈旧、"五育融合"教学评价体系不完备等困境.解决当前困境的策略在于转变社会观念,形成良好的文化风气;针对处于不同职业阶段的教师采取相应素质提升策略;完善"五育融合"教学评价体系,改变教学方式.

Injury of hippocampal neurons in status epilepticus (SE) SD rats kindled by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) were studied, and the changes of apoptosis neurons, protein expression of Bad and Bcl-2 alone and combined application of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) were evaluated for the possible mechanisms of rHuEpo. The SE rats kindled by the PTZ were randomly divided into normal control group [normal saline (NS)], model group (PTZ + NS), rHuEpo treated group (PTZ + rHuEpo), LY294002 treated group (PTZ + LY294002 + rHuEpo) and LY294002 control group (rHuEpo + PTZ + DMSO). Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by TUNEL method; expression of phosphorylation protein kinase B (p-PKB/p-Akt), Bcl-2 and Bad were detected by immunohistochemistry; the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, Bad mRNA in hippocampal neurons of rats were detected through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); the expression of Akt, p-Akt and Bcl-2, Bad protein in hippocampal neurons of rats were detected by western blotting. The amount of apoptotic neurons was less in the rHuEpo treated group and the LY294002 control group than in the LY294002 treated group (P<0.05). The expression of p-Akt protein and Bcl-2 protein increased while the Bad protein decreased significantly in the rHuEpo treated group and the LY294002 control group compared with the LY294002 treated group (P<0.05). The expression of Bad protein and Bad mRNA in hippocampus increased while the p-Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-2 mRNA decreased significantly in the LY294002 treated group compared with the rHuEpo treated group (P<0.05). The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is one of the pathways of rHuEpo neuroprotective effects and was confirmed from both the of positive and negative aspects. rHuEpo regulates the expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway related factors Bad and Bcl-2 to inhibit apoptosis and promotes neuronal survival.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy(EMT) with Solitaire AB stent in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion(ABAO),and to analyze the factors that affect the clinical prognosis.Methods In this retrospective study,we enrolled 16 consecutive cases of ABAO from Department of Neurology,the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2015 to December 2017.All of them underwent EMT with the Solitaire AB stent.The recanalization rate and complications of EMT were analyzed.The clinical prognosis within 90 days after EMT was evaluated and its associated factors were analyzed.Results 14 out of 16 patients were successfully treated with EMT.Modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia Scale(mTICI) 3 or 2b level was successful achieved in 11 cases(11/16).There was no symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,whereas 1 case(1/16) of failed endoscopic stent retrieval occurred,and 1 case(1/16) of iatrogenic dissection.The follow-up within 90 days after EMT showed that 5 cases(5/16) died.The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of the survivals was(2.0±1.4).Seven cases(7/16) with mRS score ≤ 2 were found with favorable prognosis,but other 9 cases(9/16)(including 4 with mRS score > 2 and 5 deaths) with poor prognosis.Sex,preprocedural NIHSS score,preprocedural pc-ASPECTS,being comatose or hemiplegia in consultation,duration between the onset of stroke symptoms and admission time,duration between the onset of stroke symptoms and recanalization time differed significantly between patients with good prognosis and those with poor prognosis(P<0.05).Conclusion EMT with Solitaire AB stent could achieve a high recanalization rate and improve the clinical prognosis in ABAO patients.

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rHuEPO) in hippocampal neurons of status epilepticus (SE) SD rats kildled by Pentylenetetrazol(PTZ), and the expression changes of Bax post the application of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, then discuss the possible mechanisms of rHuEPO.Method The SE rats kindled by the PTZ were randomly divided into normal control group (normal saline, NS), PTZ group (PTZ+NS), rHuEPO group (PTZ+rHuEPO), LY294002 group (PTZ+LY294002+rHuEPO), LY294002 solvent dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) control group (rHuEPO+PTZ+DMSO). The behavior changes and electroencephalogram(EEG) recording of rats were detected; The apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were detected by TUNEL method; The expression of phosphorylation protein kinase B(p-PKB/p-Akt) and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry method; the expression of BaxmRNA in hippocampal neurons of rats were detected through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method; The expression of Akt, p-Akt and Bax protein in hippocampal neurons of rats were detected through Western blot method.Results rHuEPO can promote the he expression of p-Akt protein while down-regulate the expression of Bax protein and play a neuroprotective role. The expression of Bax protein and BaxmRNA in hippocampus increased while the p-Akt decreased compared with that in rHuEPO group post the application of PI3K inhibitor LY294002, which decreased the protective effects of rHuEPO and the difference was statistical significant.Conclusion The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is one of the pathways through that rHuEPO play neuroprotective effects and testified from the two aspects of positive and negative. rHuEPO regulates the expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway related factor Bax to inhibit apoptosis and promote neuronal survival.

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in hippocampal neurons of status epilepticus (SE) SD rats kindled by Pentylenetetrazol(PTZ), and the changes of aspartate specific cysteine protease-9 (Caspase-9) post the application of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, then to provide laboratory basis for rHuEPO in epilepsy diagnosis and treatment.Method The SE rats kindled by the PTZ were randomly divided into normal control group (normal saline, NS), PTZ group (PTZ+NS), rHuEPO group(PTZ+rHuEPO), LY294002 group(PTZ+LY294002+rHuEPO), LY294002 solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group(rHuEPO+PTZ+DMSO). The behavior changes and electroencephalogram (EEG) recording of rats were detected; The apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were detected by TUNEL method; The expression phosphorylation protein kinase B(p-PKB/, p-Akt) and Caspase-9 were detected by immunohistochemistryn method; the expression of Caspase-9mRNA in hippocampal neurons of rats were detected through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method; The expression of Akt, p-Akt and Caspase-9 protein in hippocampal neurons of rats were detected through Western blot method.Results rHuEPO can down-regulate the expression of Caspase-9 and play a neuroprotective role. The expression of Caspase-9 protein and Caspase-9mRNA in hippocampus increased compared with that in rHuEPO group post the application of PI3K inhibitor LY294002, which decreased the protective effects of rHuEPO and the difference was statistical significant.Conclusion The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is one of the pathways through that rHuEPO play neuroprotective effects and testified from the two aspects of positive and negative. rHuEPO regulates the expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway related factor Caspase-9 to inhibit apoptosis and promote neuronal survival.

Abstract Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) are important precursors of tumor stromal cells. Previously, we have demonstrated that miR‐155‐5p inhibition directly induced transition of BM‐MSCs into gastric cancer‐associated MSCs. Whether miR‐155‐5p is involved in the education of BM‐MSCs by gastric cancer cells has not been established. Murine BM‐MSCs (mMSCs) were isolated and grown in conditioned medium derived from gastric cancer cell line MFC (MFC‐CM). The tumor‐promoting phenotype and function of mMSCs were detected by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), cell colony formation assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays. Luciferase reporter assays and western blot analyses were conducted to reveal the relationship between nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) p65 and mmu‐miR‐155‐5p. miRNA mimics, inhibitor, and the NF‐κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid (PDTC) were used to evaluate the role of miR‐155‐5p‐NF‐κB signaling in the education of mMSCs by MFC‐CM. We successfully established the education model of mMSCs by MFC‐CM and found that mmu‐miR‐155‐5p expression levels were reduced in mMSCs. Mimicking this deregulation by transfecting miRNA inhibitor into mMSCs produced a similar effect as that of MFC‐CM on mMSCs. NF‐κB p65 was validated as a target of mmu‐miR‐155‐5p, which also negatively regulated NF‐κB activation. Inhibition of NF‐κB activation by PDTC abolished the effect of the miRNA inhibitor on mMSCs. mmu‐miR‐155‐5p overexpression partially blocked the effect of MFC‐CM in educating mMSCs, while PDTC treatment completely eliminated MFC‐CM activity. These results indicate that miR‐155‐5p is not the sole miRNA mediating the education of BM‐MSCs by gastric cancer cells, but downstream NF‐κB signaling is indispensable for this process.

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rHuEPO) on the hippocampal neurons of status epilepticus(SE) Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats which kindled by pentylenetetrazol(PTZ) and then explore the possible mechanism of rHuEPO through the variations of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) post the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K) inhibitors LY294002 application.Method The SE rats kindled by the PTZ were randomly divided into normal control group(normal saline, NS)、PTZ group(PTZ+NS), rHuEPO group(PTZ+rHuEPO)、LY294002 group(PTZ+LY294002+rHuEPO) and LY294002 solvent dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) control group(PTZ+DMSO+rHuEPO). The behavior changes and electroencephalogram(EEG)recording of rats were detected; The changes of hippocampal pathology were detected through HE staining; The expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B(PKB/p-Akt)、XIAP were detected through immunohistochemical method; The expression of hippocampal XIAPmRNA were detected through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); The expression of Akt, p-Akt and XIAP protein in hippocampal neurons were detected through Western blot method.Results The expression of p-Akt and XIAP were down-regulated by PTZ. rHuEPO can increase the expression of p-Akt and XIAP, and then play the neuroprotective role. With the application of PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the expression p-Akt, XIAP protein and XIAPmRNA decreased than rHuEPO group in hippocampus, and decreased the protective effect of rHuEPO.Conclusion The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is one of the pathways through that rHuEPO play neuroprotective effects and be testified from the two aspects of positive and negative. The mechanism may be rHuEPO activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, regulated the expression of XIAP and then mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to play the role of antiapoptotic and promote survival effects.

Objective To observe the hippocampal neuron damage of status epilepticus ( SE) SD rats kindled by Pentylenetetrazol ( PTZ) ,and the changes of neurons apoptosis and the expression changes of Bad 、Bcl-2 post the application of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K) inhibitor LY294002,then discuss the possible mechanisms of rHuEpo furtherly .Methods The SE rats kindled by the PTZ were randomly divided into nor-mal control group (normal saline,NS),model group (PTZ+NS),rHuEpo treated group (PTZ+rHuEpo),LY294002 trea-ted group(PTZ+LY294002+rHuEpo),LY294002 control group (rHuEpo+PTZ+DMSO).The apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were detected by TUNEL method;The positive expression neurons of phosphorylation protein kinase B ( p-Akt)、Bcl-2 and Bad were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method;The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA、Bad mRNA in hippocampal neurons of each group of rats were detected through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) method;The expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2、Bad protein in hippocampal neurons of each group of rats were detected through Western blot method.Results rHuEpo can promote the expression of p-Akt、 Bcl-2 protein and Bcl-2 mRNA while down-regulate the expression of Bad protein and Bad mRNA and play a neuroprotective role .The expression of Bad protein and Bad mRNA in hippocampus increased significantly while the p-Akt、Bcl-2、Bcl-2 mRNA decreased significantly compared with that in rHuEpo treated group post the application of PI 3K inhibitor LY294002,which decreased the protective effects of rHuEpo and the difference was statistical significant .Conclusion From two aspects of positive and negative hints rHuEpo anti-apoptotic effect may through the impact of PI 3K/Akt signal pathway ,thus mediate the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bad pro-tein in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis ,finally achieve the neuroprotective effect against injury of status epilepticus apoptosis.

理科课程绝大部分的基础课、专业课都具有其内容严谨,逻辑严密,抽象性较高的背景.微课的出现能够赋予理性的理科课程以感性、形象的色彩,在抽象转形象、突破重点、攻克难点等方面,可一定程度上帮助教师改善教学的困难程度.对于理科学生,微课还能进一步激发他们对相关问题的探索,刺激他们的探究及好奇心理,拓宽视野.

新的“生物-心理-社会医学”模式带来医学教育的革命,更加突出了心理、社会因素在疾病的发生发展和转变中重要作用.探索医学人文精神培养与医学创新教育有机结合是当前医学教育改革的难点,对此,河北医科大学以本校临床医学专业为研究对象,运用医学教育学的理论和方法,包括文献研究法和比较教育的研究方法,经过十余年的改革实践,形成了从基础到临床覆盖五年教育全程的人文精神培养体系.培养医学生从人文社科的视角研究生命与健康的意识,把人文关怀渗透到了医学诊疗的全过程中,创立了有情、有爱的新型“医患关系”.河北医科大学临床医学专业因此被评为国家级特色专业.

通过微课阐述了一道高等数学习题中函数式的由来,并恰到好处的把高等数学、数理统计、计算机等课程的相关知识联系起来,很好的将课本里的高等数学习题与数据收集和处理紧密相连.通过讲解函数式y=2.27(e-0.05t-e-0.072t)的“前世”穿起了应用Excel进行数据搜集与整理的过程;通过求函数式y=2.27(e-0.05t-e-0.072t)的最值,展示了应用SPSS建模后的数据处理结果在实际生活中的应用,让学生系统的经历数据收集和处理的全过程,提高数据收集与处理的能力.