Existing power and bit scheduling algorithms mostly focus on open-loop system performance, i.e., improving estimation accuracy. This paper focuses on the scheduling methods for the closed-loop Markov jump systems in the unreliable transmission environments to improve the system stability and save energy. First, a control unit including feedback controller and predictive controller is proposed which improves the system performance while reducing the complexity of predictive controller design. Second, we design a novel optimization indicator based on time-varying convergence rate and sensor energy consumption. Third, by analyzing the relationship between Lyapunov function and the system state, an explicit expression of the time-varying convergence rate is gained. Next, a constant chi is introduced to obtain the effective power set, in which the convergence rate is always less than 1, thereby ensuring the system stability. Based on this, the optimal power and bit scheduling algorithm is obtained, which improves the system convergence speed while reducing energy consumption. Last, a two-tanks system is used to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the main algorithms. (c) 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

This paper is dealt with the problem of fault detection for nonlinear systems with intermittent measurement transmissions. A new fuzzy hybrid observer scheme is presented to achieve the purpose of fault detection, whose correction terms are instantly updated while measurements are received. Specifically, under a framework of hybrid systems, the exponential convergence of the estimation error system is analyzed, and the asynchronization of the premise variables between the fuzzy systems and the designed observer is coped with the matrix transformation technique. Different from the existing observer schemes, the proposed one does not depend on the requirements of continuous or periodical communication and is more applicable in digital and networked contexts with limited bandwidth. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

当前过程性评价在学生评价领域应用广泛,然而其使用的评价工具不足以满足新时代人们对教育评价的诉求,导致难以实现其应有的价值.基于此,文章首先梳理了过程性评价的实施困境;然后,文章分析了"数字徽章+AI"能够助推过程性评价走出实施困境的原因,并在此基础上构建了"数字徽章+AI"过程性评价平台的技术框架;最后,文章介绍了"数字徽章+AI"平台作为工具的过程性评价实施路径,以期为破解过程性评价遭遇的实施困境继而实现过程性评价应有的价值提供可行路径.

依据我国教育部发布的《教师数字素养》标准,结合中小学教师的实际特点,自编形成中小学教师数字素养水平现状调查问卷,并采用随机抽样法,借助SPSS26.0对中西部443位中小学教师的数字素养水平现状及影响因素进行调查分析.结果表明:我国中西部地区中小学教师的数字素养整体处于中等水平;教师的性别、年龄、教龄等因素对教师的数字素养水平具有显著影响.基于分析结果,提出中西部地区中小学教师数字素养的提升策略:加强高等教育师范生数字素养培养;持续推动教师培训的差异化和常态化,优化培训方式和内容;优化数字化教学环境,营造数字化教学氛围;坚持评价引领,促进教师反思提高.

The long-distance district heating pipeline (LDHP) system can deliver waste heat from suburban areas to urban areas. Valve-induced hydraulic oscillation caused by valve failure will lead to large fluctuations of pressure, which may also result in pipeline rupture of the LDHP system. Fast and accurate detection of the faulty valve is a necessary measure for efficient repair and adjustment of the LDHP system. In this paper, the hydraulic transient model of the LDHP system based on the distributed parameter method is combined with the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to realize fast and accurate detection of the location and status of faulty valve, by recognizing the faulty valve-induced hydraulic oscillation in the LDHP. The effectiveness of the detection algorithm is verified by numerical simulation of a 20 km LDHP system, and the effects of instrumental error and sampling period on the robustness of the algorithm are investigated. Results show that when the sampling period is less than 10 s, the relative errors of the detected location and opening of the faulty valve are less than 8% and 0.1%, respectively. Therefore, the faulty valve-induced hydraulic oscillation in the LDHP can be effectively detected based on the method proposed in this paper.

教师教育类MOOC的学习者主要是一线教师和高校师范生,教师教育类MOOC在教师专业发展中发挥着不可估量的作用.课程大作业作为学业考核的重要组成部分,其设计是否合理直接影响学习效果.研究采用文献研究法、案例分析法和比较研究法,对"游戏化教学法""教师如何做研究""英语教学与互联网"三门MOOC课程大作业的作业目标、作业内容、完成方式、提交时间、提交方式、评价方式和是否提供评价量规等进行分析,归纳总结这三门MOOC课程大作业设计的特点,继而提出教师教育类MOOC课程大作业设计的五条改进建议:注重个性化学习,智能推荐分层作业;开放在线学习环境,构建学习共同体;注重反馈与沟通,强化作业的实践性与亲和性;研发作业评价细则,完善评价系统;加强作业的启承性,训练学习者的思维能力.

文章对近十年国内外相关文献进行了梳理与分析,回答了教育领域数字徽章"所谓何""做何用""如何用""回归何处"这四个核心问题:(1)数字徽章是一种数字化的教育评价载体,记录学习数据,代表持有者真实的能力水平.(2)数字徽章主要有三个用途:作为教与学的参考工具,帮助学习者明确学习目标与路径,捕获学习数据,用以评价;作为激励因素,引入游戏化机制,激励学习者参与学习活动;作为学习者能力水平的微证书,对学习者进行过程性评价和总结性评价.(3)创建数字徽章时,相关人员需要考虑评价细则的制订与学习路径的规划;使用数字徽章时,需要考虑如何保持学习者与数字徽章程序的黏性;生成数字徽章时,需要考虑其认可度.(4)数字徽章在教育领域中的应用必将倒逼教与学方式的变革,推动教育改革的发展,并在一定程度上促进教育公平的实现.

在前期研究——构建"基于资源分类的基础教育数字资源共享机制"的基础上,文章采用行动研究法,进一步深入分析现实问题,以群体动力学为理论基础,构建基础教育数字资源USGC四方联动共建共享模式.在该模式中,高校(U)、中小学(S)、政府(G)、企业(C)这四大主体各司其职而又互联互动.高校的主要职能为师资培训、政策建议、促进联动、实践推进,中小学的主要职能为质量审核、评价反馈、资源建设、创新生成,政府的主要职能为系统规划、政策驱动、经费保障、评估激励,企业的主要职能为资源(软硬件)供给、标准化共享平台、技术保障、管理服务.研究选取三所学校分别开展持续四年的基于校情的分阶段、分层次、有步骤的USGC四方联动共建共享模式的实践:A中学基于电子书包开展校内数字资源共建共享、B中学开展校际数字资源共建共享、C中学依托河南省"互联网+教育"精准扶贫计划开展区域数字资源共建共享.结果表明,此模式切实可行,对实践具有一定的指导意义.

美国是高校CIO体制发展最早的国家,也是目前高校CIO体制发展较为成熟的国家.美国高校CIO体制大致经历了萌芽、发展、成熟三个阶段,发展历程清晰完整,CIO体制实践成效显著.本文综合借鉴美国多所高校CIO体制,并结合我国高校的组织架构,构建了我国高校CIO体制框架,并提出了几点建议:明确CIO的角色、职责和地位,为高校CIO体制的发展提供制度保障;培养高素质的高校CIO人才,为高校CIO体制的发展提供人力资本;加强示范引领、校际共建共享,为高校CIO体制的发展提供资源支持.

信息技术在物理层、传输层、应用层、目的层对教育发展产生影响.致力于教育现代化特征的多维显现,应充分发挥教育信息化优势,提高教育精准扶贫成效,切实促进教育公平;推进教育信息公开化,搭建相关人“问教”平台,重构学习空间,促进教育民主化;扩大未来图书馆建设规模,打造各种虚实结合的学习型组织,拓宽“学分银行”的适用对象与领域,促进终身教育;大力发展学习分析技术,借助信息技术“重置”教师,推行数字徽章,满足教育个性化的诉求;建设优质资源促进内容开放,运用系统集成技术助推系统融通,多渠道应用信息技术提升教育国际化水准,推动教育从封闭走向开放;营造宽松自由的学习环境,优化信息化教法生态,扶持创客教育,促进创新型人才的培养,推动教育走向创新;加快推进教育大数据建设与应用,让教育研究和教育管理从“经验”走向“实证”,提升教育的科学性.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">通过对具有代表性的6个幼儿园园长信息化领导力的案例进行分析,探究幼儿园园长信息化领导力产生的动因、可持续成长的动力以及发展的阻碍因素。园长信息化领导力产生的动因:建立在园长个人见识基础之上的隐性知识抑或园所当前存在亟待解决的问题;可持续成长的动力:园长具有自觉践行中的自主学习心态、在信息化建设过程中获得积极的情绪和体验、"互联网思维"造就不同的未来;发展的阻碍因素:幼儿园园长的信息化领导力认知受限、园长信息化领导力培训效果欠佳、优质数字资源匮乏、幼儿园的信息化投入不足、区域幼儿教育信息化氛围尚未形成。</span>

The stabilization problem of the networked control systems (NCSs) affected by data quantization, packet losses, and event-driven communication is studied in this paper. By proposing two event-driven schemes and the extended forms of them relying on quantized states, zoom strategy is adopted here to study the system stability with time-varying logarithmic quantization and independent identically distributed (IID) packet losses process. On the basis of that, some sufficient conditions ensuring the mean square stability of the system are obtained here. Although zoom strategy has been utilized by many literatures to study the quantized stabilization problem of NCSs, it has not been adopted to analyze the stability of NCSs with data quantization, IID packet losses, and event-driven communication. Furthermore, the existing literatures relating to zoom strategy employ the quantizer with quantization regions holding arbitrary shapes, but here we use the logarithmic quantizer which holds better performance near the origin. In addition, the detailed comparisons of the system performance under different event-driven schemes are given here, which can guide the strategy selection according to the different design goals. The above three points are the main innovations of this paper. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated by a benchmark example.

This paper is concerned with the problem of designing suitable parameters for logarithmic quantizer such that the closed-loop system is asymptotic convergent. Based on zoom strategy, we propose two methods for quantizer parameters design, under which it ensures that the state of the closed-loop system can load in the invariant sets after some certain moments. Then we obtain that the quantizer is unsaturated, and thus the quantization errors are bounded under the time-varying logarithm quantization strategy. On that basis, we obtain that the closed-loop system is asymptotic convergent. A benchmark example is given to show the usefulness of the proposed methods, and the comparison results are illustrated.

幼儿园园长信息化领导力指的是幼儿园园长在信息化情境中影响追随者及利益相关者持续实现设定的教育信息化愿景的能力.幼儿园园长信息化领导力主要由信息素养、信息化系统规划、信息化建设与实施、信息化建设经验总结与评价这四个模块构成.其中,信息素养作为内核,辐射影响信息化系统规划、信息化建设与实施、信息化建设经验总结与评价;信息化系统规划、信息化建设与实施、信息化建设经验总结与评价三者形成一个环;信息化情境是幼儿园园长信息化领导力得以发生的前提.

教育即将发生巨大变革,学习的个性化是最为重要的变化.当我们开始使用当今各种强有力的传送教学信息和材料的方法时,便可以超越分组教学法,从效率低下、效果欠佳的方法中解脱出来.当前创建模拟和个性化学习系统的新技术正在不断涌现,它将成为助燃剂,促使当今的教育环境更为"完美".在智能技术无孔不入的世界,教师不会被取代,但是却可能被"重置",他们将从学习层次中的底层被重置于高层.虽然在线课程学习中的高辍学率、学分质量存疑、考试作弊等状况确实客观存在,但是注重能力导向的设计方法可以缓解这些问题.未来将是学习与学习者的"买方市场",每一位学习者可以根据具体情况,通过放弃或者增添学习目标使自己的个性化学习路径发生变化.数字徽章作为小型的电子档案袋,能够记录学习者专业准备的每一个重要方面,为学习者的能力发展提供数字证据,同时也为"微认证"提供了可操作的途径.在在线教育不可避免的潮流中,大学作为正规教育服务的主要提供者,应该在如何促进学习的个性化方面积极地做出回应,谨防"破坏性创新"对高等教育市场的侵蚀.

“墙中洞”试验是英国纽卡斯尔大学米特拉教授进行的关于儿童自主学习的试验.米特拉在2013年TED大会上展示了该试验的成果——一群儿童可以借助计算机进行自我教学和自组织学习,并由此提出了云学校的概念.“墙中洞”试验揭示了学习兴趣理论、建构主义学习理论、情境学习理论和自组织理论等在自主学习中所发挥的作用.该试验启示我们:教育要激发儿童的好奇心、维持儿童的学习兴趣,教师为学生提供指导需要考虑时间的合适性和方式的恰当性,替代教育在“偏远”地区具有重要意义.

园长的信息化领导力在学前教育信息化进程中具有举足轻重的作用.本研究运用自编问卷和访谈法对531位园长和幼儿园教师进行调查,结果显示园长的信息化领导力整体水平欠佳,尤其在领导权力构成维度上尚有很大的提升空间;学历、从事教育工作时间、所在幼儿园属性对园长信息化领导力没有显著影响;幼儿园类型、幼儿园硬件建设情况、参加教育信息化培训情况以及听取教育信息化讲座情况对园长信息化领导力有显著影响;园长信息化领导力各维度之间呈现强的正相关.为提高园长信息化领导力,应充分发挥园长非权力性影响力优势,提高其权利影响力;应建立园长信息化领导力教育干预体系,扎实落实“三通两平台”,提供条件保障;应注重各级示范园的示范效应,建立各级幼儿园园长沟通交流机制;应注重应用驱动,重点突破,以点带面,整体提升幼儿园园长信息化领导力.

研究基于史料,从电化教育作为一门科学、一项事业、一种产业等三个角度全面还原抗战时期中国电化教育的发展轨迹,进而总结抗战时期中国电化教育具有物质匮乏但能物尽其用、配合国策开展电教工作、施教重心从城市转移到乡村、采用巡回施教方式促进社会教育运动、电化教育制度初步建立等特点.

The informatization of elementary education is a top priority of education informatization construction in China, and deep research on sharing mechanism of elementary educational digital resources is crucial for the development of education informatization. Currently, the sharing status of Henan's elementary educational digital resources is not quite optimistic, since many schools and teachers hold a passive attitude towards resources sharing, failing to achieve the goal of prompting teaching. The main reasons for this difficult situation are as follows: the unsystematic macro planning, the imbalance of resources allocation, the lack of necessary funding, the inappropriate management, the different standards of resources construction and so on. The underlying root is the lack of the digital resources sharing mechanism with systematic planning, interconnected interaction and synergism. Thus, in the dimensions of "construction" and "uploading", the research based on the status of construction and sharing of elementary education digital resources classifies the digital educational resources into three types:"the constructed and uploaded","the constructed not yet uploaded", and"the being constructed and not yet uploaded". Meanwhile, the research group also establishes the sharing mechanism of elementary educational digital resources based on the classification of resources. The sharing mechanism is comprised of 11 elements. These different elements constitute two mechanisms. The elements such as classification screening mechanism, incentive mechanism, security surveillance mechanism, quality assurance mechanism, standardized sharing platform, assessment feedback mechanism and incentive award mechanism, make up the internal mechanism for the digital educational resources. The other elements like systematic planning mechanism, funding assurance mechanism, incentive sharing mechanism and management service mechanism, form the external mechanism for the digital educational resources. Only by the interconnected interaction of the internal mechanism and the external mechanism, can the construction and sharing of elementary education digital resources be continuously facilitated.