BACKGROUND:Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatological condition in humans, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. However, the development of rosacea is suspected to be related to Demodex, a microscopic commensal organism that resides in or near hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Although Demodex is known to be a host-specific, obligate commensal organism, it is currently difficult to be cultured in vitro to parasitize and infect other animal hosts. Therefore, direct evidence for a pathogenic role of Demodex in rosacea is currently lacking.SUMMARY:As circumstantial evidence, non-invasive skin-detecting techniques have shown abnormally elevated numbers of Demodex in rosacea patients. Increased cytokine levels such as IL-10, IL-8, and IL-12p70 have been observed in human sebocytes following the Demodex challenge, and acaricides have been found to be effective in rosacea therapy, all point to a close relationship between Demodex and rosacea. Based on these findings, we conducted a comprehensive literature review to summarize the current state of knowledge, research insights, and clinical treatment recommendations for Demodex-associated rosacea, with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes.

目的:探讨在鼓膜置管术的基础上增加咽鼓管球囊扩张术治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎的效果.方法:分析2014年1月—2020年6月中国科学院大学深圳医院耳鼻喉科收治的35例(46耳)顽固性分泌性中耳炎患者的资料,其中17例患者(23耳)接受鼓膜置管术为对照组,18例患者(23耳)接受鼓膜置管术的基础上增加咽鼓管球囊扩张术为研究组.比较两组患者治疗有效率、咽鼓管功能障碍评分量表(ETQD-7)、纯音听阈均值、气骨导差值水平以及并发症发生率和复发率.结果:研究组患者治疗总有效率为95.65％,高于对照组患者的69.57

脑卒中后感觉运动整合障碍严重影响患者运动功能的恢复。本文从感觉运动整合的角度对脑卒中后运动功能障碍的机制及其治疗手段进行综述，旨在为脑卒中患者的运动功能康复治疗方法提供理论基础。

Objective:To compare the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at three different relatively high frequencies on neuropathic pain so as to find the best frequency.Methods:One hundred Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, a TMS group and a control stimulation group. The TMS group was further divided into a 5Hz group, a 10Hz group, and a 20Hz group. The rats in the model, control stimulation and TMS groups received constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, while the rats in the sham group were given a sham version of the operation. On the third day after the operation the rats in the TMS group and the control stimulation group began to receive TMS treatment. Neuropatic pain was evaluated on the day before the operation, and on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 12th days after the operation. The evaluations included the paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) and the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT).Results:The average PWTLs and PWMTs in all of the TMS groups increased with the TMS treatment. Those of the 10Hz and 20Hz groups were significantly higher than the 5Hz group′s average, while there were no significant differences between the 10Hz group and 20Hz group.Conclusions:High-frequency TMS at different frequencies has different effects on neuropathic pain, at least in rats. The treatment efficacy at 10 and 20Hz is superior to that at 5Hz.

Objective:To investigate the effect of paired associative stimulation (PAS) on the recovery of neurological function after cerebral infarction, and to explore whether any such effect is associated with autophagy in the ischemic penumbra.Methods:Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group ( n=20) and an experimental group ( n=40). The rats of the experimental group underwent 90 minutes of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), while the sham group received a sham operation. The experimental group was subsequently divided into a model group ( n=20) and a PAS group ( n=20). The PAS group received 14 days of paired associative stimulation (PAS) beginning 24 hours after the operation. Neurological dysfunction was evaluated with a modified neurological severity scale (mNSS) and the elevated body swing test (EBST) on the 1st, 7th and 14th day after the MCAO. The rats were then euthanized and the expression of LC3Ⅰ, LC3Ⅱ, Beclin1, and Cathepsin B in the ischemic penumbra were detected using Western blotting, while the distribution of LC3 in neurons was detected using double immunofluorescent staining. Results:Compared with the sham group, the average mNSS scores and EBST values of the model and PAS groups were both higher on the 7th and 14th day after the MCAO, with those of the PAS group significantly lower than those of the model group on those days. The average mNSS score on the 14th day was significantly lower than on the 7th day. Compared with the sham group, the average LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ values, Beclin 1 and Cathepsin B levels of both the model group and the PAS group were significantly higher on the 7th and 14th day after the MCAO, with the LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ values of the PAS group significantly lower than those of the model group at both time points. The PAS group also had significantly lower Beclin1 and Cathepsin B levels on day 14. On the 7th and 14th days after the MCAO, the average number of LC3-positive cells and the ratio of LC3-positive neurons to total neurons in the model and PAS groups were significantly greater than the those of sham group, with the PAS group′s values significantly lower than those of the model group at each time point.Conclusion:PAS can significantly promote neurological recovery after stroke. The beneficial effects may involve inhibition of neuronal autophagy in the ischemic penumbra.

脑卒中后各种功能障碍不仅源于脑部中枢损伤,也源于脊髓中枢继发性病理改变,减轻脑卒中后继发性脊髓病变有望成为脑卒中康复治疗的有利靶点.本文对脑卒中后脊髓病理改变以及相关发生机制及干预措施进行综述,旨在为临床治疗脑卒中提供新的思路.

BACKGROUND:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of the methylation status of the DACT1 gene on the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.METHODS:The levels of methylation and expression of the DACT1 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and CNE2 cells were determined by methylation-specific PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. CNE2 cells were treated with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, and the variation in the methylation status of the DACT1 gene was detected, as well as the influence of methylation on invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.RESULTS:The DACT1 gene was hyper-methylated in 44 of 62 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The DACT1 gene was hyper-methylated in 32 of 38 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, and the DACT1 gene was hyper-methylated in 7 of 24 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis. The DACT1 mRNA level was weakly expressed or not expressed in all nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues with hyper-methylated DACT1 genes; however, the DACT1 mRNA level was highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues with low expression of the methylated DACT1 gene. The DACT1 gene was hyper-methylated and not expressed in CNE2 cells that did not have 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. After 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment, the DACT1 gene was demethylated and the expression of DACT1 was restored. Moreover, the invasion ability was inhibited in CNE2 cells treated with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine.CONCLUSION:The expression of DACT1 was related to the methylation status. High expression of DACT1 may inhibit the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

Background: MircoRNA-335 (milt-335), a member of mircoRNAs (miRNAs) family, has been found to be correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to detect the effect of miR-335 methylation on metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: RT-PCR and methylation-specific PCR were applied to detect the expression levels of miR-335 and miR-335 methylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues. Results: The levels of miR-335 expression were significantly lower in nasopharyngeal cancer tissues with promoter methylation, compared to those with promoter unmethylation. The levels of miR-335 gene promoter methylation were higher in 14 (46.7%) out of 30 nasopharyngeal cancer tissues. Furthermore, the patients with cervical lymph node metastasis had higher methylation rate in miR-335 promoter (66.7% versus 16.7%) than those without cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Gene methylation contributes the expression of miR-335 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The expression of miR-335 methylation is correlated with the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To observe the effects of paired associative stimulation ( PAS) on synaptic ultrastruc-ture, neuron apoptosis and BDNF in rats with cerebral infarct, and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:a sham operation group, a model group and a PAS group, with 15 rats in each. All the rats underwent a surgical operation for transient middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) on the right side to model focal cerebral ischemia, with those in the sham opera-tion group left without real occlusion. PAS treatment was given to rats in the PAS group 24h after MCAO model was successfully established, while no special intervention was given to those in the sham operation group and model group. After 28 days of treatment, transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the ultrastructure of the is-chemic penumbra, TUNEL was used to observe the apoptosis of cortex neurons, and real time-PCR to investigate BDNF mRNA expression. Results It was found that after 28 days treatment:①The synaptic curvature, the synapse length and the post-synaptic density ( PSD) decreased significantly in the rats of model group in contrast to those of the sham control group ( P<0.05) . And compare to model group, the synaptic curvature, the synapse length and the PSD increased significantly in the rats of PAS group ( P<0.05) . ②Compare to sham control group, the apoptosis rate of model group and PAS group increased significantly ( P<0.05) . And the apoptosis rate of PAS group decreased sig-nificantly in contrast to those of model group ( P<0.05) .③Compare to sham control group, BDNF mRNA expression of the PAS group increased significantly( P<0.05) , while BDNF mRNA expression of the model group decreased sig-nificantly( P<0.05) . BDNF mRNA expression of the PAS group increased significantly in contrast to those of model group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion PAS promotes neural plasticity and inhibits apoptosis of cortex neurons of the ische-mic penumbra in rats with ischemic cerebral infarction. One of the underlying mechanisms might be related to the up-regulation of BDNF mRNA expression.

目的 分析鼻咽癌高发地区超早期鼻咽癌的误诊漏诊原因,并探讨早期相对比较准确的诊断鼻咽癌的方法.方法 回顾性分析中国科学院大学深圳医院和东莞市人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2010年1月至2018年1月首诊为鼻咽癌的1225例住院患者(排除门诊确诊的鼻咽癌患者)的临床资料.出生地或居住地大部分位于广东,部分为广西、湖南、四川.其中,超早期鼻咽癌374例,仅占30.5％.结果 超早期鼻咽癌374例中,影像学和鼻咽部电子镜检查不符合97例,占25.9％.不符合的97例中鼻咽部电子镜检查漏诊85例,漏诊率为占超早期鼻咽癌的22.7％(85/374),鼻咽部CT检查漏诊12例.影像学和鼻咽部电子镜检查大致正常,发现颈部肿物,遂做鼻咽部活检病理显示为癌者11例,加上鼻咽部CT检查和电子镜检查不符合漏诊的12例,共漏诊23例.单纯影像学检查总漏诊率占超早期鼻咽癌的6.1％(23/374),影像学结合鼻咽部电子镜检查的漏诊率占超早期鼻咽癌的2.9％(11/374).结论 超早期鼻咽癌仍然是电子鼻咽镜检查的弱项;超早期鼻咽癌的发现很大程度归功于鼻咽部CT或MRI检查;鼻咽部CT或MRI检查结合电子鼻咽镜检查或者鼻内镜检查,是鼻咽癌高发地区筛查鼻咽癌、减少误诊漏诊的最佳方案.

The plasma enhanced oil based drug, named plasma activated radix arnebiae oil (PARAO) is produced in the radix arnebiae oil (RAO) by a single-step, room temperature, energy-efficient and environment-friendly dry plasma-enabled process. The streamer-surface discharge generates abundant energetic species, atomic oxygen at the plasma-oil interface. The dissociation of C = C double bond by energetic species and oxidization by the atomic oxygen is the main mechanism to produce reactive H2O2 and carboxylic acid species in the PARAO, while the decreasing of shikonin caused by plasma is very limited. The highly reactive PARAO can not only kill the common bacterium (MRSA and P. aeruginosa) on burn wound efficiently, but also suppress inflammation, stimulate re-epithelialization, and reduce scar formation. Therefore, the PARAO treatment realizes 11.3% faster second degree burn wound healing than the RAO treatment.

ZusammenfassungPlasma ist ein ionisiertes Gas, das aus positiv und negativ geladenen Teilchen, neutralen Atomen und Photonen zusammengesetzt ist. Neueste Entwicklungen bei Plasmaquellen haben es möglich gemacht, Plasma in Raumtemperatur „open air“ zu erzeugen und so die Anwendung von Plasma in vivo zu ermöglichen. Bei der Verwendung von nicht‐thermischem Plasma können die Wirkstoffe effektiv an die Zielzellen verbracht werden, ohne thermischen Schaden zu verursachen. Nicht‐thermisches Atmosphärendruck‐Plasma, auch bekannt als kaltes Atmosphärendruck‐Plasma (cold atmospheric pressure plasma, CAP), ermöglicht innovative medizinische Anwendungen und hat diesbezüglich auch in der Dermatologie große Aufmerksamkeit erlangt. Die komplexe und variable Mischung der Wirkstoffe im Plasma – überwiegend reaktive Sauerstoff‐ und Stickstoffspezies (ROS, RNS) – können komplexe biologische Reaktionen steuern oder auslösen und so die gewünschten Wirkungen dosisabhängig erzielen. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, potenzielle dermatologische Anwendungen von Plasma darzustellen und seine möglichen Wirkmechanismen zu analysieren.

目的 研究分析在慢性鼻窦炎术后患者中使用低剂量克拉霉素片以及糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂、鼻腔冲洗联合治疗的效果.方法 213例接受功能性鼻窦术治疗的慢性鼻窦炎患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(107例)和对照组(106例).对照组术后采用鼻腔冲洗以及糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗,观察组术后在对照组基础上口服低剂量克拉霉素片治疗.比较两组患者嗅觉减退、头痛、面部肿胀、鼻塞以及流涕评分及治疗后不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组患者嗅觉减退、头痛、面部肿胀、鼻塞、流涕评分均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=9.915、6.923、14.143、9.686、8.425,P<0.05).两组患者治疗后均存在鼻腔出血、鼻腔干燥、心肌以及头晕等不良反应,观察组患者不良反应发生率为10.28％,与对照组的13.21％比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 临床上针对慢性鼻窦炎术后患者使用低剂量克拉霉素联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂及鼻腔冲洗治疗能够取得良好的效果,患者病情显著改善,不良反应少,具有较高的临床推广价值.

目的:探讨鼻内镜辅助下低温等离子消融与电动吸切器治疗腺样体肥大的临床效果.方法:本次研究中根据不同治疗方法将我院2013年6月—2018年2月收治的腺样体肥大患儿128例分为两组:选择电动吸切器治疗对照组患儿45例,选择低温等离子消融治疗观察组患儿83例;将两组患者围手术治疗相关指标数值及临床治疗效果作对比分析,包括手术时间及术中出血量、恢复通气时间、住院时间以及治疗总有效率.结果:观察组患儿相关指标数值均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率(97.6％)高于对照组(80.0％),P<0.05.结论:腺样体肥大患者接受鼻内镜辅助下低温等离子消融治疗的效果更佳.

目的 探讨听性脑干反应(ABR)结合纯音听阈测定对突发性耳聋诊断及预后评估的作用.方法 选取2016年3月～2017年3月我科收治的50例突发性耳聋患者(共53耳)进行纯音听阈测定,曲线特征表现为:低频下降型14耳,高频下降型13耳,平坦型17耳,极重度型9耳.针对不同类型采取相应的治疗,14 d为1个疗程,然后判定疗效.同时对突发性耳聋患者进行ABR检测;观察ABR阈值与主观阈值的相关性,并且观察ABR波形未引出者(A组,15耳)与ABR波形引出者(B组,38耳)的突发性耳聋患者的治疗效果.结果 经过治疗,突发性耳聋患者中痊愈17耳、显效14耳、有效8耳,治疗的总有效率为73.58％.B组突发性耳聋患者ABR波形可引出者,其阈值较主观听阈高10～20 dB,有较好的相关性(Y=1.8623-0.8741X,r=0.8741);B组治疗的总有效率为89.45％,A组的总有效率为33.33％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=6.603,P=0.005).结论 ABR结合纯音听阈测定不仅可用于突发性耳聋患者的诊断及分型,且ABR可作为突发性耳聋预后预测的指标,ABR波形引出者治疗效果好,波形未引出者治疗效果差.

Objective To explore the effects and the underlying mechanisms by which paired associative stimulation ( PAS) of tibial nerve electrostimulation and M1 cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS) in pro-moting the recovery of forelimb dysfunction in rats with cerebral ischemic stroke. Methods Resting motor thresholds of left extensor carpi radialis muscle ( ECR) were determined 5 min before and 5 min, 30 min, 60 min after PAS,respectively, in 8 male Sprague-Dawley ( SD) rats. Then 48 male SD rats were divided into a sham group ( n=16) subject to sham surgery, an experimental group (n=32) which was further divided into a MCAO group (n=16) and a PAS group (n=16) after cerebral ischemic stroke model was established successfully by occluding the right middle cerebral artery. 24 hours after surgery, PAS consisting of left tibial nerve stimulation and right M1 cortex area TMS was applied to PAS group once daily for 7 consecutive days. The corner tests and grip strength tests were per-formed before and after 7 days of PAS treatment in each group. The RMTs of left ECR were determined, metabolites of the left area tissue of cervical spinal cord were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, and expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax of left and right area tissue of cervical spinal cord enlargement were detected by Western Blot tech-nique after 7 days of intervention. Results The average RMTs of left ECR at 5 min, 30 min, 60 min after PAS were significantly lower than those at 5 min before PAS ( P<0.05) . All rats in experimental group showed significant higher turning scores and lower grip strength when compared with sham group (P<0.001 or P<0.01). After PAS interven-tion, PAS group demonstrated lower turning scores, higher grip strength and lower RMT of left ECR as compared with MCAO group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . The expression of GABA of left cervical enlargment was significantly decreased in MCAO group when compared with the sham group ( P<0.05) , and there was no significant difference between MCAO group and PAS group. Meanwhile, other metabolites showed no significant difference among the three groups. The av-erage expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in both sides of cervical spinal cord enlargment showed no significant difference among three groups either. Conclusions Tibial nerve-M1 cortex area PAS may increase the excitability of motor cortical representation of forelimbs in rats, by which PAS promotes the recovery of forelimb dysfunction in rats with cerebral ischemic stroke.

目的:探究在慢性鼻窦炎治疗中,应用鼻窦球囊扩张术的疗效.方法:将2014年3月至2017年11月作为本次研究时间段,选择87例慢性鼻窦炎患者作为研究对象,按照患者治疗方法不同将其分为对照组(常规内镜鼻窦开放术,40例)和观察组(鼻窦球囊扩张术,47例).对比两组并发症发生率和嗅觉情况.结果:观察组并发症发生率(4.26％)低于对照组(22.50％),P<0.05;观察组患者的嗅觉正常率(57.45％)高于对照组(32.50％),P<0.05;中度丧失比例(10.64％)低于对照组(35.00％),P<0.05.结论:鼻窦球囊扩张术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效良好,值得临床应用.

目的 探讨MicroRNA335对鼻咽癌细胞侵袭的调控作用.方法 用5-杂氮-2-脱氧胞苷处理鼻咽癌细胞,观察MicroRNA-335基因甲基化和表达情况及细胞侵袭能力的变化.结果 5-杂氮-2-脱氧胞苷能使鼻咽癌细胞中甲基化的MicroRNA-335基因去甲基化而重新表达,细胞的侵袭能力明显减弱.5-杂氮-2脱氧胞苷处理前的CNE 2细胞侵袭数(14.32±2.36)明显多于5-杂氮-2脱氧胞苷处理后的CNE 2细胞侵袭数(7.80±1.24)(t=6.373,P<0.01).结论 MicroRNA-335表达与其基因甲基化有关,MicroRNA-335可抑制鼻咽癌细胞侵袭.

SummaryPlasma is an ionized gas that consists of positively and negatively charged particles, neutral atoms, and photons. Recent developments in plasma sources have made it possible to generate room‐temperature plasma in the “open air”, thus enabling the application of plasma in vivo. Using nonthermal plasma, active agents can be efficiently delivered to target cells without creating thermal damage. Also known as cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP), nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma offers innovative medical applications. In this context, it has also gained wide attention in the field of dermatology. The complex and variable mixture of active agents in plasma – predominantly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) – can control or trigger complex biochemical reactions, achieving the desired effects in a dose‐dependent manner. The objective of the present review is to present potential applications of plasma in dermatology and analyze its potential mechanisms of action.

目的 探讨循证护理在鼻咽癌患者放疗后口腔黏膜反应的应用效果.方法 运用循证护理的方法共筛选出8篇文献并根据我院实际情况制定护理方案,将85例患者随机分为循证护理组43例,常规护理组42例,分别实施不同的护理方案并评价其护理效果.结果 治疗7周后两组患者口腔黏膜反应程度有统计学意义,循证护理组患者放疗后口腔黏膜反应情况优于常规护理组,其持续时间较短,反应较轻,产生副作用更少,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应用循证医学方法制定的护理方案能够有效地减轻鼻咽癌放疗患者的口腔黏膜反应和痛苦,提高患者生活质量.