Angelica sinensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and a potential natural feed ingredient, contains a variety of bioactive components. This study employed multi-omics technologies to investigate the mechanism by which Angelica sinensis improves the hepatic antioxidant function of Tan sheep through a multi-organ interaction network. Three-month-old Tan sheep were randomly divided into a control group and a 0.2% Angelica sinensis supplementation group for a feeding trial. The results were as follows: 1) Dietary supplementation with Angelica sinensis significantly increased the average daily feed intake of Tan sheep (P< 0.01); 2) Angelica sinensis significantly enhanced the activities of hepatic Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), elevated Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and concurrently reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P<0.05); 3) Transcriptomic analysis identified 892 differentially expressed genes, which were significantly enriched in pathways such as cytochrome P450 metabolism. Furthermore, Angelica sinensis upregulated the expression of hepatic antioxidant genes, including GPx7; 4) Integrated analysis revealed a synergistic regulatory network involving the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, bile acid biosynthesis, and drug metabolism pathways; 5) Gut microbiota analysis showed that Angelica sinensis significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Clostridium (P<0.05); 6) Correlation analysis confirmed significant positive correlations between these beneficial bacterial groups and hepatic antioxidant indicators. This study systematically elucidates the mechanism by which Angelica sinensis enhances hepatic antioxidant function through multi-targeted regulation of the "gut microbiota-hepatic gene expression-metabolite" network. As a core immune organ, the improvement in hepatic antioxidant capacity can further synergistically enhance the overall immune function of Tan sheep, providing a scientific basis for the application of Angelica sinensis as a natural feed ingredient.

Schizochytrium sp. (SZ) can potentially be employed in nutritional strategies for producing high-quality sheep meat. However, the effects of SZ on the lipid composition of sheep meat are insufficiently understood. In this study, the effects of SZ supplementation on the lipid profile of Tan sheep meat were evaluated using non-targeted lipidomic techniques. Lipidomics analysis revealed 383 differential lipids (DLs) between the SZ and control groups, and there were six metabolic pathways associated with lipids, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism (P < 0.05). Glycerophospholipid metabolism was the core pathway of DLs; we found that phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and lysophosphatidylcholine were the crucial lipid metabolites of this pathway. Dietary supplementation with SZ increased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), C22:6n-3, and C20:5n-3 (P < 0.05), while it decreased C18:0, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and SFA/PUFA (P < 0.05). These results indicate that SZ supplementation induces positive alterations in the lipid profile of Tan sheep meat, which is beneficial to meat quality and sheds valuable insights into the future development of functional lipids in sheep meat.

Enzyme preparations, as a green and efficient feed additive, demonstrate broad application prospects in the nutritional regulation of ruminants. Enzyme preparations can specifically degrade antinutritional factors in feed, significantly improve the degradation efficiency of fibrous materials, and thereby optimize rumen fermentation function, modulate the rumen microbial community structure, promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms such as cellulolytic bacteria, and inhibit the growth of pathogens, ultimately improving animal health status. Through precise formulation and scientific supplementation, enzyme preparations have shown significant economic potential in ruminant animal production. The article summarizes the classification and molecular mechanisms of enzyme preparations, analyzes the key factors affecting the application effect of enzyme preparations, and summarizes the effects of enzyme preparations on the growth performance, digestive function, serum biochemical indicators, slaughter performance, meat quality, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen microbial community structure of ruminants, providing reference for nutritional regulation of ruminants.

Tannins as plant extracts have emerged as promising and potential alternatives for antibiotics in modern livestock cultivation systems. This study investigates the effect of dietary chestnut tannin extract (CTE) in finishing Tan lambs. Twenty-seven male Tan lambs were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control group (CON; basal diet); (2) low-dose CTE group (LCTE; basal diet + 2 g/kg CTE, dry matter [DM] basis); (3) high-dose CTE group (HCTE; basal diet + 4 g/kg CTE, DM basis). The HCTE group exhibited markedly higher average daily gain (ADG) and DM intake than CON ( P < 0.01). The ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration increased linearly with increasing CTE supplementation ( P < 0.01), while the opposite trend was observed for butyrate molar proportion ( P < 0.01). Upon increasing CTE dosage, plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase content increased linearly ( P < 0.05), whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and urea nitrogen decreased linearly or quadratically ( P < 0.05), respectively. A linear increase was also observed in ruminal t6 C18:1 and t9, c12 C18:2 proportions ( P < 0.01), and plasma C18:2n-6 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids proportions with increased CTE supplementation ( P < 0.01). In the longissimus dorsi muscle, the atherogenic index decreased linearly ( P < 0.05), while c11 C18:1 and C20:5n-3 increased linearly ( P < 0.05). Moreover, c9, t11 conjugated linoleic acids proportion increased in subcutaneous fat with CTE supplementation ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, Dietary CTE enhances the ADG of finishing Tan lambs in a dose-dependent manner, modulates plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity, and improves rumen fermentation and body fatty acid composition. These results provide a reference for the rational application of CTE in ruminant production.

Schizochytrium sp., a feed additive, positively affects the quality of animal meat. In this study, the molecular mechanisms through which dietary Schizochytrium sp. affects the meat quality characteristics of Tan lambs were investigated using transcriptomic techniques. The findings demonstrate that the lambs supplemented with Schizochytrium sp. had a larger loin eye area and a higher average daily gain and intramuscular fat content (P < 0.05). They also had lower drip loss (at 24 and 48 h) and shear force (P < 0.05). Further, 745 genes were differentially expressed between lambs supplemented with Schizochytrium and the control group. Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis showed that the ECM-receptor interaction pathway, which is related to muscle generation and intramuscular fat deposition, was significantly enriched in the lambs administered a diet containing Schizochytrium sp. Herein, we identified some pivotal genes linked to muscular system development and lipid metabolism. Thus, using Schizochytrium sp. may boost the meat quality of Tan lambs by modifying the expression of genes related to hub pathways. The results supply a new basis to determine the molecular mechanisms through which Schizochytrium sp. supplementation regulates the meat quality characteristics of sheep.

试验旨在研究不同处理方式的南瓜子副产物饲粮对滩羊体外发酵、氮代谢及生产性能的影响.体外试验采用单因素试验设计,饲粮精粗比为 50:50,分为 4 组,每组 3 个重复,体外瘤胃发酵试验所用日粮与中期日粮一致.饲养试验选择月龄、体重相近的宁夏滩羊公羔 32 只,分为 4 组,每组 8 只,分别饲喂全混合日粮(TMR)、颗粒TMR、纤维素酶发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)、酶菌复合发酵全混合日粮.预试期 15 d,正试期共 85 d(前期、中期和后期各 25 d,每阶段更换饲料并有 5 d饲料转换适应期),前期、中期、后期(日粮精粗比分别为 45:55、50:50、55:45)南瓜子副产物添加比例分别为 19.1%、21%、15.5%,采用相同的管理水平.结果表明:纤维素酶FTMR组、酶菌复合FTMR组中性洗涤纤维含量低于对照组、颗粒TMR组(P<0.01),体外中性洗涤纤维消化率高于对照组、颗粒TMR组(P<0.01),各组间乙酸均差异极显著,各试验组丙酸高于对照组(P<0.01);酶菌复合FTMR组的干物质表观消化率高于颗粒TMR组(P<0.05),颗粒TMR进食氮、总排出氮和沉积氮均最高(较对照组提高 7.81%、7.04%、8.66%),颗粒TMR组氮利用率最低;试验组日增重均高于对照组,且颗粒TMR组最高(P<0.01);试验组耗料增重比均低于对照组,颗粒TMR组最低.由此可见,3种不同处理方式的南瓜副产物饲粮均可降低饲粮纤维含量,提高中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率,提高滩羊日增重,降低耗料增重比.综合处理效果为颗粒TMR>酶菌复合FTMR>纤维素酶FTMR>全混合日粮TMR.

试验旨在研究不同贮存方式对滩羊肉品质的影响.选择3只滩羊肩部羊肉,将同一部位的肉分为3份,进行不同方式的贮存.试验Ⅰ组羊肉在4℃保存12 h后,转为-20℃保存36 h;试验Ⅱ组羊肉在-20℃保存48 h,试验Ⅲ组羊肉在4℃保存48 h.结果显示,相同贮存温度(-20℃),不同冷冻时间(36 h、48 h),滩羊肉的失水率具有明显差异,羊肉的滴水损失、熟肉率、嫩度、pH值、亮度(L值)、红度(a值)、黄度(b值)以及粗灰分(Ash)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、水分、钙(Ca)和磷(P)含量差异性均不显著(P>0.05).不同贮存温度(-20℃、4℃),相同保存时间(48 h),滩羊肉的pH值、b值和磷含量具有明显差异,各组滩羊肉的失水率、滴水损失、熟肉率、嫩度、L值、a值以及Ash、CP、EE、水分和Ca含量差异均不显著(P>0.05).研究表明,在-20℃,36 h条件下贮存羊肉时,羊肉的品质较好.

本试验旨在研究不同比例芦苇草替代玉米秸秆和柠条对滩羊生长性能、氮代谢、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响.选择体况良好、健康无病、体重相近的宁夏滩羊公羔32只,随机分为4组,每组8只.4组试验羊分别饲喂含有0(对照组)、7％(试验Ⅰ组)、14％(试验Ⅱ组)、21％(试验Ⅲ组)的枯黄期芦苇草的颗粒全混合日粮(TMR).预试期15 d,正试期85 d.结果显示:1)试验I组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的平均日增重均极显著低于对照组(P＜o.o1),料重比极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).随着芦苇草添加比例的增加,试验羊的平均日增重呈逐渐降低的趋势,料重比呈逐渐升高的趋势.芦苇草的添加降低了滩羊的生长性能和经济效益,但试验组滩羊平均日增重和纯利润仍处于较高水平,分别为210.54～224.80 g/d、3.91～4.32元/(只·d).2)随着芦苇草添加比例的增加,滩羊的沉积氮和氮利用率呈逐渐降低趋势,芦苇草添加比例为7％时总排出氮最低.与对照组相比,芦苇草添加比例为14％和21％时显著降低了滩羊对酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P＜0.05).3)芦苇草的添加降低了滩羊的屠宰性能、尾脂的沉积、肌肉的熟肉率及保水能力,对滩羊肉的营养成分未造成不良影响.与对照组相比,芦苇草添加比例为14％时显著改善了肌肉亮度值(P＜0.05).综上可知,随着芦苇添加比例的增加,滩羊的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、氮的沉积和利用率及经济效益均呈逐渐降低趋势,总排出氮在芦苇草添加比例为7％时最低.考虑到滩羊的纯利润和平均日增重处于较高水平下,故在玉米秸秆出现短缺的情况下可以用芦苇草来代替,芦苇草添加比例以不超过7％较宜.

国内以蛋白质源为主的饲料原料严重缺乏,在大豆主要依赖进口的当下,严重制约了我国饲料业及养殖业的发展.降低饲粮中蛋白质水平,能有效降低生产成本和畜禽粪氮、尿氮的排放,提高饲料利用率,改善畜禽生活环境,减少环境污染.本文综述了低氮饲粮对动物生长性能及氮排放、血清生化指标、胃肠道功能、肉品质和代谢组学的影响,旨在为生产实践中降低饲粮蛋白质水平和减少氮排放提供理论依据.

本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加单宁和裂壶藻粉对滩羊生长性能及瘤胃菌群多样性的影响.选取体重[(25.53±3.18)kg]相近的5月龄健康滩羊公羔48只,随机均分为4组,每组12个重复,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮+0.4％单宁,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础饲粮+2.0％裂壶藻粉,试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础饲粮+0.4％单宁+2.0％裂壶藻粉.试验期共105 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期90 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组羊只的总增重显著增加(P＜0.05).2)各试验组的操作分类单元数目均低于对照组,表现为对照组＞试验Ⅰ组＞试验Ⅱ组＞试验Ⅲ组.3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组Sobs指数、Ace指数和Chao1指数均出现显著下降(P＜0.05),与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅲ组Ace指数和Chao1指数也出现了显著下降(P＜0.05).4)在门水平上,对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的优势菌门均为拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门,试验Ⅲ组的优势菌门为拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门.与对照组相比,各试验组脱硫菌门、Patescibacteria的相对丰度出现显著变化(P＜0.05),浮霉菌门的相对丰度出现极显著变化(P＜0.01).5)在属水平上,普雷沃氏菌属和理研菌科_RC9_肠道群为优势菌属.与对照组相比,各试验组未排位拟杆菌 目_BS11_肠道群、理研菌科_RC9_肠道群、未排位拟杆菌目_RF16_群、norank_Muribaculaceae和韦荣氏球菌科_UCG-001的相对丰度出现显著变化(P＜0.05),脱硫弧菌属的相对丰度出现极显著变化(P＜0.01).6)与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组的滩羊瘤胃菌群的氨基酸代谢功能通路相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05).综上所述,饲粮中添加单宁和裂壶藻粉均会影响滩羊生长性能及瘤胃微生物菌群结构,促进部分有益菌的增殖,并改善代谢功能;并且,以单独添加0.4％单宁的效果最好,同时添加0.4％单宁和2.0％裂壶藻粉效果次之,单独添加2.0％裂壶藻粉效果不明显.

本试验旨在研究过瘤胃氨基酸和过瘤胃脂肪(RPF)对饲喂低蛋白质饲粮滩羊生长性能、消化代谢、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响.选择健康无病、体重[(22.00±1.00)kg]相近的3月龄滩羊27只,随机分成3个组,每组9只羊.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮+7.5 g/d过瘤胃赖氨酸(RPLys)+4.5 g/d过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet),试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础饲粮+2.4 g/dRPF,各组饲粮营养水平相近.预试期10 d,正试期60 d.结果表明:1)试验Ⅱ组滩羊终末体重显著高于其他2组(P＜0.05),各组间其他生长性能指标差异不显著(P＞0.05).2)试验Ⅰ组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率较对照组和试验Ⅱ组分别极显著提高了 33.59％和51.91％(P＜0.0l);试验Ⅰ组酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率最高,并显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).3)试验Ⅱ组胴体重、骨重、眼肌面积和骨肉比均极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),试验Ⅱ组净肉重和屠宰率较对照组分别显著提高了 50.27％和12.33％(P＜0.05).4)试验Ⅰ组羊肉pH45min极显著低于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.01),失水率显著低于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).5)试验Ⅰ组羊肉粗蛋白质含量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.01),粗灰分含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).综上所述,在低蛋白质饲粮条件下,添加RPLys和RPMet能够提高滩羊NDF和ADF表观消化率,而添加RPF能够改善滩羊屠宰性能.

益生菌是一类安全高效,且在畜禽生产使用中无残留、无抗药性的有益微生物,其可以通过维持动物机体肠道微生物的动态平衡,来保障动物的健康生长.此外其还与动物的生产性能、免疫以及抗氧化能力息息相关,本文综述了益生菌定义、来源和分类、益生菌在动物体内主要作用及其在常见畜禽生产中的应用,以便于为益生菌的未来研究和使用提供一定的参考.

单宁是一种大分子多酚物质,由于它含有多酚羟基结构,具有抗氧化、抗寄生虫、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎等生物学功能.添加一定剂的单宁可以提高羊体脂共轭亚油酸(CLA)的沉积,但不同植物来源的单宁对羊体脂CLA的合成调控不尽相同.单宁通过对瘤胃生物加氢和CLA生物合成的方式对CLA进行调控.本文主要综述了单宁的生物学功能以及单宁对羊体脂CLA的合成调控作用,以期为单宁对生物体CLA的合成提供理论基础,为单宁的合理利用提供理论基础.

本试验是在荞麦秸秆饲粮条件下利用内部转录间隔区(ITS)测序技术探究添加1％、2％、3％甘露寡糖(MOS)对滩羊瘤胃真菌菌群的影响.选择健康无病、30.5 kg左右的宁夏断奶滩羊羯羊20只,随机分为4组,每组5只.CK-3组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Y1-3组基础饲粮与1％MOS混合饲喂,Y2-3组基础饲粮与2％MOS混合饲喂,Y3-3组基础饲粮与3％MOS混合饲喂,预试期15 d,正试期60 d.结果显示:1)Y1-3组、Y2-3组、Y3-3组的滩羊瘤胃真菌菌群丰度及多样性较CK-3组明显提高,其中以Y3-3组效果最明显.2)在门水平上,子囊菌门(Ascomy-cota)、黄藻门(Anthophyta)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为4组中共有的优势菌门,但它们的相对丰度在4组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).在属水平上,Y3-3组曲霉属(Aspergillus)的相对丰度显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05).Y1-3组病原型营养型、腐生-病原-共生营养型、共生营养型的丰度相对其他组最少.总体而言,本试验条件下,荞麦秸秆饲粮中添加3％MOS更有利于增加滩羊瘤胃真菌菌群的多样性,而添加l％MOS时滩羊瘤胃真菌菌群可能更有利于纤维的降解与瘤胃健康的维系.

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加栗木单宁对3月龄滩羊公羔生长性能、肉品质和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.选择27只3月龄、体重相近、健康状况良好的滩羊公羔,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复3只羊.对照组饲喂精粗比为55:45的基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加2000(试验Ⅰ组)、4000 mg/kg DM(试验Ⅱ组)栗木单宁的试验饲粮.预试期10 d,正试期60 d.结果表明:1)试验Ⅱ组的总增重和平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组的干物质采食量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组的干物质采食量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01).2)饲粮添加栗木单宁降低了滩羊肉的失水率和剪切力,并在一定程度上有改善滩羊肉嫩度的作用.3)各组滩羊肌肉中油酸(C18:1n9c)含量为最高,其次为棕榈酸(C16:0)和硬脂酸(C18:0),试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组二十碳五烯酸(C20:5n3)和α-亚麻酸(C18:3n6)的含量高于对照组,并且差异极显著(P<0.01).各组的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量无显著变化(P>0.05),但试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量在数值上高于对照组.综上所述,饲粮中添加栗木单宁对肉品质指标无显著影响,但改善了羔羊的生长性能,增加了肌肉中MUFA和PUFA的含量,提高了肌肉的营养价值.

试验旨在研究酶菌复合处理对秸秆品质变化的影响.利用纤维素酶和复合益生菌(简称酶菌复合处理)对宁夏地区的4种粗饲料进行发酵处理(试验组),以未处理的稻草、柠条、燕麦草、芦苇草作为对照组,每组设置3个重复.发酵30d.结果显示:酶菌复合处理的稻草、柠条、燕麦草和芦苇草在气味、色泽、结构方面均优于未处理的4种秸秆,经过酶菌复合处理的稻草、柠条、燕麦草和芦苇草等级均为Ⅰ级优良,未处理的秸秆等级均为Ⅱ级.与对照组相比,试验组燕麦草的粗脂肪(EE)含量显著升高(P＜0.05),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著降低(P＜0.05);试验组稻草、燕麦草和芦苇草的pH值均显著降低(P＜0.05);试验组柠条的粗饲料相对价值(RFV)显著升高(P＜0.05),稻草、燕麦草、芦苇草的RFV虽然有所升高,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).酶菌复合处理能够提高稻草、柠条、燕麦草和芦苇草的RFV,酶菌复合处理的4种秸秆的RFV依次为燕麦草＞芦苇草＞稻草＞柠条.研究表明,对秸秆饲料进行酶菌复合处理能够提高秸秆饲料的利用率,节约成本,提高经济效率.

牧草对矿物质的吸收和转化主要与水和土壤中可吸收矿物质有关.矿物质的缺乏或过量会引起土壤有机质含量和酸碱度变化、水源成分差异以及牧草生长发育受阻和饲用品质下降,而土壤和水源的改变直接影响牧草对矿物质的利用.本文综述了常量矿物元素和微量矿物元素在水-土壤-牧草间发生转化耦合及其含量变化对牧草产量及品质的影响,旨在为优质牧草的生产提供理论依据.

目前国内饲料资源严重短缺,优质蛋白质饲料价格持续上涨,养殖成本不断增长.文章就常见氮源的利用对饲料营养价值和动物生产性能所造成的影响进行简要阐述,以期为补充氮源的选择提供参考依据,提高低蛋白饲料的利用率.

随着蛋白质类饲料资源短缺、饲养成本增加以及饲料转化率较低的现状,我国畜牧业的发展受到严重阻碍,加之养殖业产生的废弃物造成大量的环境污染,在不影响畜禽生产性能的情况下采用低蛋白饲粮技术是目前解决此类问题的有效办法.本文简述了低蛋白饲粮的定义,重点总结了低蛋白饲粮对反刍动物生产性能、瘤胃发酵性能以及氮排放的影响,以期为今后畜牧科学研究及生产实践提供参考.

南瓜籽营养丰富,具有多种营养活性.现阶段对于南瓜籽的研究主要集中在人体保健方面,在动物生产中的应用研究极少.本文综述了南瓜籽的营养特性、药理活性和南瓜籽产品的开发应用,旨在为南瓜籽在动物生产中的应用提供理论参考,为南瓜籽的深度加工利用提供新思路.