Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China is ongoing. Some studies have shown that the incidence of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases in 2020 decreased significantly compared with previous years. Interrupted time series (ITS) is a time series analysis method that evaluates the impact of intervention measures on outcomes and can control the original regression trend of outcomes before and after the intervention. This study aimed to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence rate of notifiable communicable diseases using ITS in China. Methods National data on the incidence rate of communicable diseases in 2009–2021 were obtained from the National Health Commission website. Interrupted time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models was used to analyse the changes in the incidence rate of infectious diseases before and after the COVID-19 epidemic. Results There was a significant short-term decline in the incidence rates of respiratory infectious diseases and enteric infectious diseases (step values of -29.828 and − 8.237, respectively), which remained at a low level for a long time after the decline. There was a short-term decline in the incidence rates of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases (step = -3.638), which tended to recover to previous levels in the long term (ramp = 0.172). There was no significant change in the incidence rate of natural focus diseases or arboviral diseases before and after the epidemic. Conclusion The COVID-19 epidemic had strong short-term and long-term effects on respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases and short-term control effects on blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases. Our methods for the prevention and control of COVID-19 can be used for the prevention and control of other notifiable communicable diseases, especially respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases.

Objective To understand the change of incidence of notifiable communicable diseases in Guangzhou during the epidemic of COVID-19 in 2020. Methods The data in this study were collected from the National Communicable Disease Reporting Information System. We applied descriptive analysis to compare the incidence of reported notifiable communicable diseases in Guangzhou for COVID-19 in four different time stages in 2020 and 2015-2019. R 3.5.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence rate of reported notifiable communicable diseases in four different time stages in Guangzhou was 272.38/10~5, 51.16/10~5, 130.34/10~5 and 664.25/10~5 in 2020, respectively. The incidence rates increased by 187.76%,-30.37%,-57.64% and-41.85% respectively, compared with the average level in 2015-2019, especially the incidence rate of class C communicable diseases. All kinds of different transmission communicable diseases of class A and B decreased significantly after starting the first-level response. However, it decreased slowly in the second and third level response except for natural focal communicable diseases and vector-borne diseases. The incidence rate of acute communicable diseases such as influenza decreased significantly after the first-level response and decreased faster after the second-level response. However, the incidence rate of chronic communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B decreased after the first-level response, but declined narrowed after the second and third level response. Conclusions The incidence rate of reported notifiable communicable diseases has changed significantly before and after the epidemic of COVID-19, especially that of acute communicable diseases such as influenza, and even in the late stage of the epidemic.

Background: Salmonella, a widespread pathogen, poses a significant threat to global food safety, leading to foodborne diseases and substantial economic losses. The timely and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens is pivotal for averting food contamination and outbreaks across the food production chain. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of traditional culture-based methods versus risk-based approaches, incorporating polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Salmonella detection. Methods: We employed a stochastic scenario tree model to simulate scenarios based on the sampling inspection plan for raw aquatic products conducted by the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2018 to 2020. Various detection methods (culture or PCR) were applied to these aquatic products based on their categorized risk level. Sensitivity values were derived from published data, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were used to compare the different scenarios against the traditional culture method. Results: A total of 360 samples were collected for analysis. The cost of culture-based detection alone amounted to 125,423.20 Chinese Yuan (CNY) and yielded nine instances of positive Salmonella detections. The risk-based detection strategy, which combined the more sensitive PCR method with high-risk sample characteristics, while employing the culture method for the remaining combinations, imposed a total cost of 128,775.83 CNY and yielded ten positive detections. This approach cost approximately 3391.74 CNY per additional positive sample detected compared to the culture method alone. Meanwhile, PCR-only detection imposed a total cost of 62,960.03 CNY. Conclusions: In comparison to traditional culture-based methods, both the risk-based detection strategy and the PCR-only approach demonstrated superior capabilities with respect to detecting contaminated aquatic products. Implementing risk-based detection strategies can enhance cost-effectiveness, not only ensuring food safety but also reducing the incidence and economic burden of foodborne diseases.

AIMS To investigate the impact of occupational exposure on job satisfaction and overall happiness, and to identify related factors of job satisfaction and overall happiness among physicians and nurses. BACKGROUND Occupational exposure against physicians and nurses has become one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians and nurses from 14 public tertiary hospitals using purposive sampling. Propensity score matching was used to compare job satisfaction and overall happiness among physicians and nurses with and without occupational exposure. Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify and analyze the influencing factors of job satisfaction and overall happiness. RESULTS A total of 2139 physicians and nurses (55.59%) from 3791 participants had experienced occupational exposure hazards. Before matching, the job satisfaction and overall happiness among the physicians and nurses was 38.54% and 42.14%, respectively. Participants who experienced occupational exposure were more likely to develop job dissatisfaction (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.90-1.28) and overall unhappiness (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.05- 1.46) than those who did not. Participants' work experience, self-evaluated health status, satisfaction with the work environment, evaluation of doctor-patient relationship, and stress were common factors affecting job satisfaction and overall happiness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that physicians and nurses who experience occupational exposure are more likely to develop job dissatisfaction and overall unhappiness, especially if they have shorter work experience and a tense or neutral relationship with patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT It is necessary to pay attention to the occupational exposure. When physicians and nurses experience occupational exposure, managers could provide support to prevent job dissatisfaction and unhappiness.

Objectives To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of four different primary screening strategies: high-risk factor questionnaire (HRFQ) alone, single immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT), double iFOBT and HRFQ+double iFOBT for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening compared with no screening using the Markov model. Methods Treeage Pro V.2011 software was used to simulate the Markov model. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which was compared with the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold, was used to reflect the cost-effectiveness of the CRC screening method. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used for parameter uncertainty. Results All strategies had greater effectiveness because they had more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) than no screening. When the WTP was ¥435 762/QALY, all screening strategies were cost-effective compared with no screening. The double iFOBT strategy was the best-buy option compared with all other strategies because it had the most QALYs and the least cost. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the sensitivity of low-risk adenoma, compliance with colonoscopy and primary screening cost were the main influencing factors comparing single iFOBT, double iFOBT and HRFQ+double iFOBT with no screening. However, within the scope of this study, there was no fundamental impact on cost-effectiveness. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that when the WTP was ¥435 762/QALY, the probabilities of the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve with HRFQ alone, single iFOBT, double iFOBT and HRFQ+double iFOBT were 0.0%, 5.3%, 69.3% and 25.4%, respectively. Conclusions All screening strategies for CRC were cost-effective compared with no screening strategy. Double iFOBT was the best-buy option compared with all other strategies. The significant influencing factors were the sensitivity of low-risk polyps, compliance with colonoscopy and cost of primary screening.

Objective: To investigate the time interval from the onset to the diagnosis of the domestic cases of COVID-19 in Guangzhou, and we analyze the causes of cases with long time intervals.

目的 了解2013—2020年广州市市售生食动物性水产品中食源性致病菌污染状况及分布特点.方法 2013—2020年共采集631份生食动物性水产样品,进行沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、霍乱弧菌和致泻性大肠埃希氏菌等食源性致病菌检测.结果 检出食源性致病菌阳性样品90份,总检出率为14.26％.生食动物性淡水产品和生食动物性海产品食源性致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义,χ2=160.375,P<0.001.生食动物性淡水产品检出率较高,达到了45.70％.6种食源性致病菌检测结果显示,创伤弧菌检出率最高,达到9.51％,其次是副溶血性弧菌5.86％,沙门氏菌1.90％.第3季度检出率最高,为16.15％,最低的是第1季度(11.36％).餐饮单位所售生食动物性水产品食源性致病菌检出率最高(21.90％),其次为超市(7.69％),网店和农贸肉菜市场所售商品无检出.结论 广州市市售生食动物性水产品存在不同程度的食源性致病菌污染,致病菌污染主要以创伤弧菌、副溶血性弧菌为主,生食动物性淡水产品污染情况更严重,相关政府部门应加强监管,开展健康宣传教育,预防食源性疾病的发生.

目的 评估广州水产品副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)人群致病风险.方法 对2006—2018年广州市售鱼类、甲壳类、软体动物等水产品中的VP进行定量检测,利用广州市食物消费量调查、文献综述等方法,应用快速微生物定量风险评估软件(swift quantitative microbiological risk assessment,sQMRA),开展水产品VP风险评估.结果 广州市2006—2018年水产品VP检出率为21.39％(566/2646).广州市居民每年因食用各类水产品导致VP感染发病例数从高到低依次为:鱼类8375人,甲壳类1727人,软体动物1305人.结论 应高度重视水产品VP致病风险,减少生食动物性水产品的摄入,重点防范VP交叉污染,做好公众风险沟通及健康教育工作.

目的 分析广州市市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌污染分布情况.方法 2013—2019年共采集16类共4905份食品样品,开展单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌监测分析.按照GB 4789.30—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验》中规定的食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的检验方法开展检测.结果 单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出阳性样品共71份,总体检出率为1.45％.不同食品类别中进口生畜禽肉检出率最高,达到了13.19％,其次为国产生鸡肉(5.51％)、水产肉糜(2.50％)、凉拌菜(1.67％).第1季度检出率最高,为2.14％,最低的是第4季度(0.82％).不同采样场所中采自网店的食品单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出率最高(26.04％),其次为超市(2.38％),小摊贩所售商品无检出.预包装食品单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检出率(5.78％)高于散装食品(0.86％).结论 广州市市售食品存在不同程度的单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌污染,生畜禽肉是主要污染食品,相关政府部门应更有针对性加强监管,预防单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌食源性疾病的发生.

目的 了解广州市两栖及爬行类动物食品中霍乱弧菌污染情况,为两栖及爬行类动物食品的卫生监管与霍乱的防控提供参考.方法 根据广州市人口分布情况、地域分布特点、食品生产、流通与消费水平等因素选择广州市5个行政区的超市、农贸/肉菜市场、批发市场及汕头市某养殖场,于2019年3月、5月、8月、10月及11月按随机抽样方法采集两栖及爬行类动物食品(活牛蛙与活甲鱼),参照《霍乱防治手册》的方法要求进行霍乱弧菌的检测.结果 共采集两栖及爬行类动物食品127份,霍乱弧菌总阳性率为4.72％(6/127);蛙类霍乱弧菌阳性率为6.90％(6/87),甲鱼中未检出霍乱弧菌.从采样区域看,阳性样品来自荔湾区、白云区与汕头市;从采样场所看,阳性样品采自农贸/肉菜市场、批发市场及养殖场;从样品产地看,6份阳性样品主要采自本省其他市及省外;从采样时间看,仅10月和11月检出霍乱弧菌;霍乱弧菌阳性样品在不同区域、场所、产地及月份间分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);分离到的6株霍乱菌株血清型均为O1群稻叶型,毒力基因(ctxA)为阴性.结论 广州市两栖及爬行类动物食品霍乱弧菌总体污染水平较低,建议加强对蛙类养殖环节的霍乱弧菌污染监测.

目的 了解广州市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染及分布情况,发现食品安全隐患,为制定食品安全措施提供科学依据.方法 2013—2018年共采集居民常见饮食15类共5021份食品样品,对副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、创伤弧菌、沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单增李斯特菌、霍乱弧菌等进行监测分析.结果 5021份样品,共424份样品检出食源性致病菌,总检出率为8.44％.食源性致病菌中副溶血性弧菌的检出率最高(11.20％),其次以此为创伤弧菌(9.20％)、蜡样芽胞杆菌(7.26％)、金黄色葡萄球菌(1.72％)、单增李斯特菌(1.08％)、致泻大肠埃希氏菌(0.86％)、和沙门氏菌(0.48％),霍乱弧菌无检出.不同食品类别中水产品检出率最高,达到了43.52％,其次较高的依次为生食动物性水产品(16.24％)、进口生畜禽肉(11.11％)、小摊贩食品(10.62％)和烘焙食品(10.56％,),不同食品食源性致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义.不同采样场所中采自网店的食品食源性致病菌检出率最高(22.92％),其次是餐饮单位(12.49％)、小摊贩(11.21％)、超市(8.99％)、农贸肉菜市场(8.59％),最低的是零售店(5.63％).第3季度抽样样品食源性致病菌检出率最高(10.04％),其次是第2季度(9.81％),第1季度抽样食品食源性致病菌检出率最低(6.43％).结论 广州市市售食品存在不同程度的食源性致病菌污染,应持续开展食品安全风险监测,水产品、冷冻生畜禽肉、小摊贩食品和烘培食品食源性致病风险较高,应重点防范.

目的 了解广州市市售动物性淡水产品副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)污染状况.方法 2006～2019年,根据国家、省、市食品安全风险监测工作方案,共采集966份动物性淡水产品,开展VP检测.结果 VP总体检出率为21.84％(211/966).不同季节、不同采样地点、不同种类、不同加工售卖方式淡水产品VP检出率差异均有统计学意义.其中,第3季度VP检出率最高,为27.40％;超市VP检出率最高,为32.73％;甲壳类中淡水蟹VP检出率最高,为53.33％;生鲜类VP检出率最高,为27.23％.结论 广州市市售动物性淡水产品不同程度受到VP污染,应加强整个产业链综合监管,积极开展健康宣教及食品安全风险预警.

目的 评估广州市消费者生食动物性水产品副溶血性弧菌(VP)致病风险.方法 研究对象为生食动物性水产品,包括淡水鱼类、甲壳类以及海水鱼类、甲壳类、双壳类、头足类、腹足类等海产品,按照微生物风险评估的程序,利用食品安全风险监测数据及文献检索资料,应用Risk Ranger软件,设定的11个问题参数,开展半定量风险评估.结果 广州市2009-2017年生食动物性水产品VP总体检出率为10.86％(67/617).生食动物性水产品风险等级为56分.广州市消费者生食动物性水产品每天因VP发病的概率为8.3×10-5,每年预计发病人数为10.6万人.结论 依据评估软件广州市生食动物性水产品VP感染致病属于高风险,应减少生食动物性水产品的摄入.政府应加强监管,做好公众风险沟通及健康教育工作.

目的 了解2006-2018年广州市水产品副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)污染水平,为水产品VP监测工作提供依据.方法 在全市11个区的餐饮单位、批发市场、肉菜市场、超市、零售店和网店等场所分季节采集2 646份不同种类水产品样品开展VP检测.VP检出率采用卡方检验进行分析.结果 VP总体检出率为21.39％(566/2 646).其中,2015年VP检出率最高(70.00％),2008年VP检出率最低(3.23％).不同种类、不同采样地点、不同加工售卖方式和不同季节VP检出率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).淡水产品和海产品VP检出率差异有统计学意义,x2=6.081,P=0.048.甲壳类VP检出率最高,为30.68％;鱼类检出率最低,3大类样品检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=25.693,P＜0.001).肉菜市场VP检出率最高,为28.64％;其次为超市;零售店检出率最低.6个采样地点VP检出率差异之间有统计学意义(x2=112.600,P＜0.001).生鲜类VP检出率最高(28.01％),其次为生食类(11.85％),熟制类检出率最低(6.67％).不同加工售卖方式VP检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=104.100,P＜0.001).第3季度VP检出率最高,为25.20％;其次为第2季度;最低为第1、4季度.4个季度的检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=22.423,P＜0.001).结论 广州市市售水产品存在较高的VP污染,水产品检出率有明显的样品种类、采样地点、加工售卖方式和季节差异,甲壳类、生鲜类水产品以及肉菜市场、第3季度检出率更高.提示应加强综合监管,针对消费者开展健康教育及食品安全风险预警.

[目的]对广州市结直肠癌及癌前病变患者进行疾病经济负担调查,并分析影响因素,为后期成本效果评价提供依据.[方法]整群抽取广州市辖范围内的教育部附属、省、市属的4家三级医疗机构,采用问卷调查和病案摘录相结合的方式调查结直肠癌及癌前病变患者(家属)相关人口社会学信息、临床信息、医疗及非医疗费用信息等.[结果]广州市结直肠癌前病变患者的例均直接医疗费用、直接非医疗费用、间接费用和总费用分别为14 437元、1268元、7967元和23 672元,结直肠癌患者的例均直接医疗费用、直接非医疗费用、间接费用和总费用分别为135 258元、10 268元、27 363元和172 888元.多因素分析显示,临床分期、治疗方案、住院次数和住院天数对直接医疗费用和总费用有明显影响.癌前病变的费用最低,癌症临床期别越晚,费用越高;单纯手术治疗费用最低;住院次数越多,住院天数越长费用越高.非广州市来源的患者直接非医疗费用和间接费用比广州市来源的患者高.拥有医疗保险的患者比其他患者间接费用更高.[结论]广州市结直肠癌患者的疾病经济负担重,有必要进一步加强健康教育宣传,大力推进结直肠癌筛查工作,通过发现并切除腺瘤,降低未来结直肠癌的发病率,同时提高结直肠癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗比例,对于降低结直肠癌对社会和家庭的经济负担和社会负担,具有重大意义.

目的 了解广州市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染及分布情况,发现危险因素.方法 2016年共采集6类共1058份食品样品,对副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单增李斯特氏菌等进行监测分析.结果 检出食源性致病菌164株,总检出率为15.50％.食源性致病菌中副溶血性弧菌的检出率最高(40.93％),其次为蜡样芽胞杆菌(9.29％)、金黄色葡萄球菌(2.38％)、单增李斯特氏菌(2.08％)、沙门氏菌(1.42％),致泻大肠埃希氏菌检出率为0.不同食品类别中水产品检出率最高,达到了43.52％,其次为烘焙食品(13.64％)、小摊贩食品(10.62％)、生鸡肉(8.47％)、冷藏膳食(7.50％)和熟肉制品(6.82％),不同食品食源性致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义.不同采样场所中采自餐饮店的食品食源性致病菌检出率最高(50.00％),其次是农贸肉菜市场(17.70％)、超市(16.71％)和小摊贩(10.62％),最低的是零售店(9.83％).散装食品食源性致病菌检出率(15.85％)高于预包装食品的检出率(9.09％).中心城区烘焙食品、生鸡肉致病菌检出率要高于周边区,周边区域小摊贩食品致病菌检出率为零.结论 2016年广州市市售食品存在较高的食源性致病菌检出率,对食品安全隐患较高的食品应加强监管,预防和控制食源性疾病的发生.

目的 了解广州市市售食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染及分布情况, 发现危险因素.方法 2014～2018年共采集6类共2011份食品样品, 开展蜡样芽胞杆菌监测分析.结果 蜡样芽胞杆菌检出阳性样品共146份, 总体检出率为7.26%.其中6份样品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出值超过105 CFU/g.不同食品类别中小摊贩食品检出率最高, 达到了 10.62%, 其次为烘焙食品(8.69%)、寿司(7.50%)、冷藏膳食(6.67%)、盒饭(6.36%)和熟制米面制品(5.00%).第3季度检出率最高, 为8.77%, 其次为第2季度(7.98%), 最低的是第1季度(5.09%).不同采样场所中采自小摊贩的食品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率最高(11.21%), 其次为餐饮单位(9.31%)和农贸肉菜市场(8.07%),最低的是超市(6.56%).散装食品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率(7.61%)高于预包装食品(5.38%).中心城区食品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率(9.24%)高于周边区(3.65%).结论 广州市市售食品存在不同程度的蜡样芽胞杆菌污染, 部分食品存在安全隐患, 相关部门应针对性加强监管, 预防食源性疾病的发生.

目的 了解2006-2015年广州市市售食品副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio Parahaemolyficus,VP)污染水平及分布,为VP监测工作提供依据.方法 2006-2015年在全市12个区不同场所分季度采集2 317份市售水产品和熟肉制品开展VP检测.结果 VP总体检出率为15.71％(364/2317),10年间2008年和2013年VP检出率相对较低.不同种类、不同食用方式、不同季度和不同采样地点的VP检出率差异具有统计学意义.海水产品VP检出率高于淡水产品,熟肉制品未检出VP;生食水产品检出率低于非生食水产品;零售店和肉菜市场的检出率高于批发市场、超市、餐饮单位;第3季度VP检出率最高,其次为第1、2季度,最低的是第4季度.结论 广州市市售食品VP污染情况较重,主要是水产品.VP检出率有明显的样品种类、食用方式、采样地点和季度差异,应有针对性开展监测,加强监管.

目的 了解广州市市售食品中食源性致病菌污染及分布情况,发现食品安全隐患,为制定食品安全措施提供科学依据.方法 2013-2015年共采集广州市市售6类共1 633份食品样品,对副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、创伤弧菌、沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单增李斯特氏菌等进行监测分析.结果 1 633份样品中共检出食源性致病菌132株,总检出率为8.08％.食源性致病菌中创伤弧菌的检出率最高(7.85％),其次分别为蜡样芽胞杆菌(7.01％)、副溶血性弧菌(3.48％)、金黄色葡萄球菌(2.36％)、致泻大肠埃希氏菌(1.47％)、单增李斯特氏菌(0.24％)和沙门氏菌(0.06％).不同食品类别中生食动物性水产品检出率最高,达到了16.75％,其次分别为烘焙食品(11.93％)、凉拌菜(11.67％)、散装盒饭(9.33％)、预包装冷藏盒饭(5.42％)和熟肉制品(2.93％),不同食品食源性致病菌检出率差异有统计学意义.不同采样场所中采自餐饮店的食品食源性致病菌检出率最高(11.14％),其次分别为是零售店(9.11％)、超市(6.77％),最低的是农贸肉菜市场(4.32％).散装食品食源性致病菌检出率(8.76％)高于预包装食品的检出率(4.73％).结论 广州市市售食品存在不同程度的食源性致病菌污染,应持续开展食品安全风险监测,有针对性地强化监管,预防和控制食源性疾病的发生.

目的 了解广州市生食水产品副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP)污染水平,为生食水产品VP监测工作提供依据.方法 在全市12个区的餐饮单位、批发市场、肉菜市场、超市和零售店等场所分季节采集485份不同种类生食水产品样品开展VP检测.结果 广州市2009年-2014年生食水产品VP总体检出率为11.55％ (56/485).淡水产品VP检出率高于海产品;甲壳类高于软体动物,最低的是鱼类.第3季度VP检出率最高(18.48％),其次为第2季度,最低的是第1季度、4季度.肉菜市场VP检出率最高,为28.57％;其次为餐饮单位、超市及批发市场;零售店检出率最低.结论 广州市生食水产品存在不同程度的VP污染,检出率有明显的样品种类和季节差异,应加强整个产业链综合监管,夏秋季节开展VP食品安全风险预警.